槽式太阳能聚光器能流密度测试系统研制技术

设计一种用于槽式太阳聚光器焦线能流密度测试系统,系统主要由余弦反射体、CCD光学测量系统、导轨及调整系统等组成.首先在实验室内采用辐射标定装置对余弦反射体和CCD光学测量系统进行精密标定,得到CCD光学测量系统灰度与能流密度定量关系;然后再用该系统对槽式太阳聚光器焦线能流密度进行测试.介绍该测试系统的标定方法和各部分设...     

槽式太阳聚光器的研究

提出了一种低倍聚光的抛物面槽式聚光光伏发电方式.从聚光器的聚光比入手,推导抛物面槽式聚光的能流聚光比的公式,分析了能流聚光比和各个参数的关系.依据这些关系式制成的低倍聚光装置适宜于普及,可节约光伏装置成本,增加光伏发电量.     

太阳时角变化对固定条形镜面聚光器焦线位置的影响

本文讨论了当固定条形镜面聚光器长轴沿东西向放置时,太阳时角变化所引起的焦线位置的移动。提出了等效倾角的概念。指出焦线位置是太阳赤纬和时角的函数,因此吸热器必须随着太阳的周日视运动而不断改变位置。但对于主要在中午前后使用而非全天使用的装置来说,可以采用固定的吸热器,其位置只需定期调整即可。     

一种槽式聚光器追日误差补偿方法

为了消除槽式聚光器回转轴位置偏差对太阳跟踪精度产生的影响,以南北布置的槽式聚光器为例,通过分析槽式聚光器回转轴在安装时或长期工作之后产生的位置偏离,建立回转轴偏离理想位置的数学模型,推导出太阳相对回转轴的高度角和方位角计算公式,进而对回转轴偏离产生的误差进行补偿。算法适用于任意方向布置的槽式聚光器的跟踪角度计算     

大型槽式聚光器面形摄影测量网络规划方法研究

大型槽式太阳能聚光器抛物型镜面尺寸大,要求测量精度高,需要合理稳定的摄影测量网络完成对抛物面形的三维重构。为了提高对聚光器面形的检测精度,避免测量网络选择的盲目性,提出并实现了一种基于遗传算法的摄影测量网络规划方法,研究空间点目标的三维重构过程,将空间点三维重构不确定度作为评价网络优劣的依据并设计遗传算法。针对实验室控制场及太阳能聚光器镜面实际场,首先根据实际测量环境约束进行仿真研究,得到优化后的摄影测量网络,然后通过实测实验对仿真结果进行验证。实验结果表明,在给定测量条件下,利用仿真得到的摄影测量网络进行布站,可以提高面形测量精度,验证了算法的可行性。     

具有二次聚光器的新型大开口槽式太阳集热器设计与光学性能分析

针对大开口和更高运行温度的槽式太阳能热发电系统,提出一种可实现高聚光比、低辐射热损及能流密度均匀的新型槽式太阳集热器,即在集热管内放置外壁具有太阳选择吸收膜层和内壁具有反射膜层二次聚光器的大开口槽式太阳集热器。建立圆弧为微元段的自适应设计新方法,提出3种典型的二次聚光器面型,利用蒙特卡洛光线追迹方法仿真新型集热器的能流密度分布特性,验证该光学仿真方法,分析影响集热器光学性能的各种因素。结果表明,该集热器可显著提升集热效率。     

非对称槽式抛物面聚光器的仿真与性能研究

基于光学成像原理,设计了一种由两个不同抛物面组合而成的、适于在太阳能中低温集热领域应用的新型非对称槽式抛物面聚光器。文章介绍了该聚光器的工作原理,并在计算机上三维建模,利用光学分析软件计算了其中所安装的圆管型接收器和平板型接收器的光学效率,分析了接收器上的光线接收率随入射偏角的变化趋势。研究结果表明,新型非对称槽式抛物面聚光器在入射偏角为6°时,圆管型接收器表面的光线接收率达到71%;在最大尺寸条件下,圆管型接收器的接收效果优于平板型接收器;实际测试所得的装置聚光热效率为34%。     

平屋顶槽式聚光器风压分布的概率特性研究

通过风洞实验对平屋顶槽式聚光器的镜面风压进行测量,通过高阶矩与风压时程曲线和概率密度直方图对镜面风压分布的概率特性进行了分析;得到镜面风压分布的高斯判别标准,并给出典型工况下的镜面高斯区域划分。然后通过Sadek-Simiu（SAD）法计算出聚光器的极值风压系数,给出典型工况下的极值风压系数等值线图,并对极值风压系数分布规律和特征进行分析,镜面风压极值最大值出现的主要区域为镜面边缘角落区域,极值风压系数最大值出现的工况为仰角30°风向角45°,其值为6.136。     

抛物面槽式聚光器的风致响应分析与优化

该文首先通过在湖南大学HD-3大气边界层风洞中对聚光器模型进行测压试验,获得聚光器各测点在不同工况下的风压时程;然后通过有限元软件对聚光器的风致响应进行分析,获得反射镜的峰值位移响应和风振系数,并给出最不利工况下的位移响应分布云图;最后对聚光器构件截面尺寸进行优化.分析结果表明:在各工况下峰值位移响应最大值均出现在反射...     

可用于建筑采暖的槽式复合抛物面聚光器光热特性研究

文章针对太阳能建筑采暖系统集热面积大、换热介质抗冻能力差的问题,设计了一种新型的槽式复合抛物面聚光建筑采暖系统,并分析了该系统中槽式复合抛物面聚光器的聚光原理。文章还建立了槽式复合抛物面聚光器的三维模型,而后利用光学仿真软件分析该聚光器的聚光性能,并搭建试验台研究空气流速对该聚光器光热转化效率的影响。分析结果表明:在光线入射偏角为10°的条件下,当接收体中心与聚光器底部的间距为90 mm时,槽式复合抛物面聚光器的光线接收率和聚光效率最优,分别为65.54%和60.25%;在实际天气条件下,槽式复合抛物面聚光器光热转化效率随空气流速增加而升高,当空气流速为4 m/s时,该聚光器的光热转化效率达到最大值,为76.73%。     

Dynamic model of a parabolic trough solar concentrator with a water displacement mechanism

This paper presents a three-dimensional mathematical model for determining the dynamic behavior of a parabolic trough solar concentrator of one degree of freedom, with a water displacement mechanism capable of minimize the angle of incidence (angle between the sun's rays irradiated on a surface and the line normal to this surface). This mathematical model allows the calculation of the angle of inclination of the collecting surface and the forces acting on the system. The validity of the proposed mathematical model is verified experimentally on two solar concentrators of different dimension.     

新型槽式太阳能聚光集热器的研究与试验

设计了一种新型槽式太阳能聚光集热器,分析了工作原理和设计参数,建立了由该集热器组成的太阳能集热系统,并进行了试验测试。文章给出了采用不同接收器的升温曲线和效率计算值,对不同布置方式的集热性能进行了比较。试验结果表明,该装置具有较高的集热效率,运行温度在80℃时,效率达到35%以上。     

抛物槽式集热器热效率研究

介绍槽式集热器的结构及其工作过程,对集热器进行热性能分析,研究已有集热器热力学模型,并对其进行优化,利用该模型计算各个部位的热损失大小以及集热器热效率,分析得出影响集热器热效率的主要因素,定量分析这些因素对集热器效率的影响趋势,并解释其原因。     

Potential of a parabolic trough solar concentrator for electric energy production

At present, parabolic trough technology is considered as the most low‐cost and powerful large‐scale technology to utilize solar energy for electricity generation and produce steam for different industrial usages. This article recommends the generation of electricity by using a parabolic trough solar concentrator in the central area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) at Dawadmi city. Pressurized water is used as the heat‐transfer working fluid. A computer algorithm was built using the Matlab program to simulate the performance parameters of the Euro Trough collector (ETC). The input data included the properties of the working fluid (pressurized water) and the designing parameters of ETC. The output data were the outlet water temperature, the coefficient of heat transfer, the heat loss, and the thermal, solar, and global efficiencies. The obtained results indicated the ability of this type of parabolic trough in KSA to generate electric power due to the high‐performance parameters achieved. Also, the validity of using the simulation technique was measured and it showed good conformity.     

A bilinear model for the thermal behaviour of a point focusing solar collector

An important task when designing point focusing (paraboloidal) solar-collectors is to model the thermal behaviour of their receivers by an approximate dynamic model in view of thermal loop automatization. In general, this is very difficult or impossible by studying the exact physical phenomena which occur in the receiver. However, approximations can be made and approximate models can always be derived. Using filtering and estimation theory these models can be identified to represent reality very well.     

槽式聚光热电联供系统抛物反射面的性能参数分析

分析了跟踪方式和太阳张角对理想槽式抛物面反射镜的影响,给出了几何聚光比、相对口径、能流分布、边界角之间的函数关系式。在理想情况下,边界角δ为44.87°时,槽式聚光器的最大聚光比为212.59,此时相对口径为1.652 m。讨论了北京、上海、昆明等地单轴跟踪在全年不同时刻入射角余弦值的变化规律。采取东-西水平轴跟踪时,入射角余弦值与各地纬度无关;采取南-北水平轴跟踪时,春冬两季每天不同时刻入射角的变化范围较大,夏秋两季的变化范围较小。文章针对不同宽度太阳电池和聚光比对抛物镜面参数进行了设计分析。     

组合跟踪的槽式聚焦集热器太阳辐照量的研究

在建立太阳直射辐射计算模型的基础上，分析了聚先反射抛物面镜面在各种跟踪方式下接受到的瞬时太阳直射辐射量，得出了晴天时昆明各月平均日辐照量的变化图。通过对所得数据度曲线图的比较和研究，获得了聚光反射抛物镜面两种较好的组合跟踪方式，效率分别达到双轴跟踪的98．9％和99．34％。可为太阳能申高温跟踪系统的发展和运用提供新的思路。     

Maximum power output of a solar PV module at various latitudes as influenced by the swing angle of the sun

The effect of the maximum swing angle of the sun (0°, 15°, 30°, 45° and 60°) away from the normal is observed on the maximum power output of an amorphous silicon solar PV module using a solar simulator. Studies reveal that as the panel inclination is increased, the maximum power produced (P_mp) by the module decreases. Solar equations are used to compute the maximum swing angle of the sun away from the normal position of the panel at noon (λ) during March, June, September and December months and are computed for various selected locations such as Mumbai, Ludhiana, Fargo, London and Moscow. An analogy between the simulated study and λ (for real operation conditions) for polar-mounted inclinations of PV panels is established and the effect of λ on the percent reduction of maximum power produced (P_mp) by the PV solar panel is studied.     

Potential of performance improvement of concentrated solar power plants by optimizing the parabolic trough receiver

This paper proposes a comprehensive thermodynamic and economic model to predict and compare the performance of concentrated solar power plants with traditional and novel receivers with different configurations involving operating temperatures and locations. The simulation results reveal that power plants with novel receivers exhibit a superior thermodynamic and economic performance compared with traditional receivers. The annual electricity productions of power plants with novel receivers in Phoenix, Sevilla, and Tuotuohe are 8.5%, 10.5%, and 14.4% higher than those with traditional receivers at the outlet temperature of 550°C. The levelized cost of electricity of power plants with double-selective-coated receivers can be decreased by 6.9%, 8.5%, and 11.6%. In Phoenix, the optimal operating temperature of the power plants is improved from 500°C to 560°C by employing a novel receiver. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of the receiver heat loss, solar absorption, and freeze protection temperature is also conducted to analyze the general rule of influence of the receiver performance on power plants performance. Solar absorption has a positive contribution to annual electricity productions, whereas heat loss and freeze protection temperature have a negative effect on electricity outputs. The results indicate that the novel receiver coupled with low melting temperature molten salt is the best configuration for improving the overall performance of the power plants.