气液搅拌槽中不同因素对旋涡深度的影响

搅拌反应釜中心的大旋涡对物料的传质传热有重大影响。以液体石蜡通入氮气的搅拌体系为对象,通过控制变量分别研究了搅拌桨型、转速、挡板插入深度和进气流量对中心大旋涡深度的影响。实验结果表明,六叶片圆盘涡轮引起的旋涡最深。向容器中缓慢插入挡板,旋涡变浅,当挡板经过搅拌桨叶附近时,旋涡深度减小较快。在一定的进气流量范围内,进气流量越大,旋涡越浅。分析了实验结果和上述因素影响旋涡深度的机理。     

机械搅拌反应器中挡板的结构设计

研究了内径为0．786m的搅拌釜中挡板尺寸及结构对圆盘透平桨RT和翼型桨k5及其组合在气液两相中的气体分散与混合特性的影响。对不同形式的挡板的搅拌功率、气含率及气液混合特性进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：挡板尺寸结构应根据搅拌特性需要进行优化设计;挡板系数为0．12时,组合浆的功率输入已与同一转速下的全挡板系数时的功率输入相近,它同时可改善微观混合、提高混合效率：采用开槽挡板可提高复杂快反应的选择性,混合效率提高20％～25％。     

桨型和挡板对自浮颗粒三相体系混合的影响

在直径３８６ｍｍ的搅拌釜内,考察了多种搅拌桨和挡板组合对自浮三相体系的搅拌功耗,气含率和釜底部颗粒含量的影响。实验表明,自浮三相体系的搅拌混合上层桨宜采用上推式桨;当液高与釜径比为１．６时,三层桨的混合参数优于两层桨;简易型轴流桨的混合效果好于涡轮桨。此外还对优异的搅拌桨和挡板组合进行了桨间距的优化,并回归了关联式,可供过程放大时参考。     

气液固三相搅拌的临界转速

考察了搅拌桨型、挡板和气体分布器对气液固三相搅拌混合的临界转速的影响 ,并回归了临界转速关联式 ,可用于指导工业过程的设计和放大。     

氮气-液体石蜡混合液中搅拌功率的实验研究

在容积1000mL直径10．4cm的透明玻璃槽中,在通气速率0-1.6L／min、挡板高度1cm-10cm、搅拌桨高度2cm～9cm、搅拌转速100～1300rpm、挡板1～7个的范围内,研究了N2-液体石蜡混合系统中搅拌功率的变化规律。分析了搅拌功率随挡板提升而单调减小,随通气量增加而降-升-稳,随搅拌桨提升而升-稳-降,随搅拌转速增加而升-稳-降-升,髓挡板增多而升-稳-降的原因。指出了底部通气会对下排液搅拌桨增加轴承摩擦功耗,搅抖功率随通气量的增减取决于通气量减小混合液粘度密度效应和增加摩擦功耗效应的消长。指出了在搅拌转速增加过程中,会出现气液混合体系粘度密度急剧减小导致搅拌功耗急剧减小的转速区域,当桔度和密度降到下限后,随转速增加,搅拌功率又重新急剧增加。挡板个数的确定,以搅拌形成的环向和径向主流能进入挡扳间距,能产生较强的轴向流和折流为准。     

多相搅拌槽内宏观混合研究进展

多相搅拌槽反应器广泛应用于化工、冶金等过程工业中,而多相混合状态对于多相搅拌槽反应器的设计、优化和放大具有重要意义.混合时间是表征其宏观混合过程的一个重要参数.文中从实验和数值模拟二方面对多相搅拌槽反应器的液相混合时间研究进行综述,对气液、液固、液液、气液固4种体系的多相搅拌槽进行了分类总结,讨论了分散相、桨型、转速、...     

新型搪玻璃搅拌桨搅拌特性数值模拟及实验研究

采用CFD方法模拟了具有相同桨径、不同桨叶折角和叶宽结构的6种新型搪玻璃搅拌桨的搅拌特性。考察了挡板、桨叶离底高度对釜内流场的影响,基于此分析了桨叶折角、叶宽对速度分布的影响。对模拟得到的搅拌功率和混合时间进行了实验验证,并与传统搪玻璃桨式搅拌器进行比较。结果表明：①新型桨叶在加挡板且桨叶离底高度为450 mm时,搅拌效果最佳;②随桨叶折角、叶宽的增大,桨叶区轴向、径向和切向速度均呈增大趋势,当桨叶折角为45°、叶宽为95 mm时,釜内混合效果最好;③随转速增大,搅拌功率呈增大趋势,混合时间呈减小趋势,新型桨明显比传统桨混合性能好,桨叶折角为30°、叶宽95 mm时功率消耗最低,桨叶折角为35°、叶宽95 mm时混合时间最短。     

挡板进气多级搅拌槽内的气—液分散特性

研究了挡板进气多级搅拌槽内的气－液分散流型、临界分散转速、搅拌功率、气含率和气泡停留时间。试验证明，这种结构的搅拌槽，比标准通气式搅拌槽具有更优良的气－液分散特性，并回归得到了搅拌功率、气含率和气泡停留时间的关联式。     

挡板进气多级搅拌槽内的气－液分散特性

研究了挡板进气多级搅拌槽内的气－液分散流型、临界分散转速、搅拌功率、气含率和气泡停留时间。试验证明，这种结构的搅拌槽，比标准通气式搅拌槽具有更优良的气－液分散特性，并回归得到了搅拌功率、气含率和气泡停留时间的关联式。     

影响下沉颗粒三相体系临界搅拌转速的因素

探讨了搅拌桨型、挡板和气体分布器等结构因素及气体流量、颗粒质量分数等工艺因素对下沉颗粒三相体系临界搅拌转速的影响。结果表明，底层桨对临界搅拌转速的影响最大，最佳的底层桨为3叶后掠桨。指型挡板对颗粒的悬浮非常有利，此外，给出了几种较好桨型-挡板-分布环组合的临界搅拌转速关联式。     

Liquid Homogenization in Aerated Multi‐Impeller Stirred Vessel

The macroflow of fluid in a tall cylindrical vessel stirred with multiple stirrers was studied in the case of aeration of a liquid charge. The time of homogenization of the charge (mixing time) was calculated from the time dependency of the tracer concentration measured at various locations. Two types of stirrer were used in the experiments: six‐bladed Rushton turbines and/or pitched‐blade turbines with inclined blades pumping the liquid down or up. Four stirrers of the same type were located on the shaft. Other variables during the experiments were the stirrer frequency and the gas flow rate. It was found that the liquid macroflow in the vessel could be interpreted by the cell model or by the axial dispersion model for unaerated as well as for aerated systems. The influence of the aeration on the macroflow and mixing time was explained by the interaction of buoyancy and radial forces, and equations for the model parameters were proposed containing gas flow numbers and Froude numbers.     

三重环流生物流化床反应器的混合特性

研究了三重环流生物流化床反应器混合特性,通过循环时间与混合时间的测定来比较三重环流五单重环流反应器的混合性能,发现三重环流反应器的混合时间较短。此外,对三重环流反应顺的物料分布测试结果可知正常流态化条件下所有工况其物料分布均接近全混流模型,离散程度随操作液流量的增大而减小,亦随操作气速的增大而变小。     

Single and two-phase flows in a horizontal pipe with a Kenics static mixer: Effect of pressure drop on mixing

Single and two-phase flows pressure drops through a Kenics static mixer were investigated, for liquid and gas Reynolds numbers ranging from 8110 < Re_L < 18 940 to 1730 < Re_G < 8680, respectively. New friction factor correlations were established for single and two-phase flows, showing better agreement than those available in the literature. Dissipated energy and characteristic time constants were estimated from experimental data. For instance, a dissipated energy with a maximum value of 510 W/kg was calculated in two-phase flow with the drift-flux model. The dispersed phase reduced the characteristic mixing times and its influence was more important than the continuous phase for all the characteristic mixing time investigated. Furthermore, the macroscopic characteristic mixing time was shown to be the governing mixing process for almost all gas and liquid flow rates explored.     

Experimental Study of the Mixing Time in a Jet‐Mixed Gas‐Liquid System

In the present work, the impeller in the conventional gas‐liquid mixed vessels was replaced by a fluid jet as the mixer. Using an experimental setup, the effect of several parameters on the mixing time as a measure of the liquid‐phase mixing intensity, which is one of the required transport characteristics for designing gas‐liquid mixed systems, was studied. The results show that gas injection decreases the mixing time in comparison with the ungassed condition, but the mixing time is not necessarily decreased by increasing the gassing rate. On the basis of the amount of the jet Reynolds number and gassing rate, and thus the created circulation pattern, the mixing time may be decreased or increased. Also, the location of the probe for cases in which there are more dead zones in the vessel have a considerable effect on the measured mixing time. With increasing uniformity of the velocity domain, the influence of the probe location was reduced. Also, by increasing the jet flow rate and decreasing the nozzle diameter, the length of the jet, the amount of entrained bulk fluid, and the intensity of recirculation flow increased, and thus the mixing time decreased.     

三维喷动床内异径干湿颗粒混合特性数值模拟

基于计算流体力学-离散单元法,建立了三维喷动床内气固两相流数学模型,采用Fortran语言编制了并行数值模拟程序。对三维喷动床内两种不同直径的干颗粒及湿颗粒的混合特性进行了数值模拟,并从颗粒角度分析了双组分颗粒的运动机制。利用Lacey混合指数对床内整体以及特定区域的混合程度进行了定量分析,并研究了液桥体积、颗粒密度比以及表观气速对异径颗粒混合的影响。结果表明：在单孔射流喷动床内,干湿两种颗粒流动方式相似,湿颗粒无明显的聚团现象;液桥力对小直径的颗粒影响较大,使不同直径湿颗粒速度差减小;环隙区内颗粒的混合是影响整床颗粒混合的关键因素;液桥体积对颗粒混合的影响较大,对颗粒密度比以及表观气速的影响有限。     

多相雾化喷嘴混合特性的研究

采用经典的KI-KIO_3平行竞争反应体系来研究多相雾化喷嘴的微观混合特性,考察了该多相雾化喷嘴在各种操作条件下的微观混合情况,找出了不同条件下微观混合效果的变化规律.实验结果表明,增大雾化气量或减小进液量,提高气液比,均可显著改善多相雾化喷嘴的微观混合效果,当气液质量比大于3.7时,微观混合良好.进料流量比a(V_A/V_B)对分割指数X,影响显著,当a小于0.35时,雾化效果对分割指数影响不大,在较低的气液质量比下就能达到较小的分割指数.     

Flow characteristics of blade unit of a tridimensional rotational flow sieve tray under concurrent gas–liquid flow

The flow characteristics of the blade unit of a tridimensional rotational flow sieve tray were investigated. First, the flow patterns are defined under different liquid arrangement methods. They are bilateral film flow, continuous perforated flow, and dispersion-mixing flow in overflow distribution, film and jet flow and jet and mixed flow in spray distribution. Second, the time and frequency domain analysis of the differential pressure pulsation signal in the blade unit is carried out, the main frequencies range is 2.0−5.5 Hz. The influence of perforation and mixing intensity on the flow pattern transition is clarified. Third, the rotational flow ratio of the gas–liquid phase is measured, the gas phase rotational flow range is 0.55–0.78, and the liquid phase range is 0.15–0.42. The influence of the operating conditions on the distribution of the rotational and perforated flow is investigated. Finally, a prediction model for the rotational flow ratio is proposed.     

精对苯二甲酸氧化反应器中气体停留时间分布

对苯二甲酸的工业生产多采用对二甲苯液相催化氧化方法,因此,氧化气体的混合特性就成为氧化反应器设计、放大的重要参数。文中针对工业中采用的涡轮桨和斜叶桨组合搅拌反应器型式,以氢气为示踪剂,采用阶跃激发响应技术测定了不同气量、搅拌转速下气体停留时间分布,同时开展了对二甲苯氧化试验,了解了气体混合对氧化中间产物含量影响。研究结果表明,只有当搅拌桨叶尖速度高于一个临界值,使气体接近全混的状态,才能实现单釜氧化目的产物的高收率。     

DISPERSION OF GAS AND LIQUID IN BUBBLE COLUMNS OF HOMOGENEOUS BUBBLE FLOW REGIME

Mean gas holdup, lateral distribution of gas holdup and axial mixing of gas and liquid were measured in bubble columns of 12 and 19cm i.d. The lateral distribution of gas holdup was strongly dependent on the flow regimes in the column. The axial mixing of liquid in the homogeneous bubble flow regime was much smaller than that in the heterogeneous bubble flow regime, and was not expressed by existing correlations. The axial mixing of liquid in the homogeneous bubble flow and the intermediate flow regime was simulated with a flow model based on the lateral distribution of buoyancy force and the effective viscosity. The axial mixing of gas was larger than that of liquid.