<Emphasis Type="Italic">In vitro</Emphasis> bioactivity and cytocompatibility of tricalcium silicate

The in vitro bioactivity of tricalcium silicate (Ca₃SiO₅) ceramics was investigated by the bone-like apatite-formation ability in simulated body fluid (SBF), and the cytocompatibility was evaluated through osteoblast adhesion and proliferation assay. The results show that the Ca₃SiO₅ ceramics possess bone-like apatite formation ability in SBF. In vitro cytocompatible evaluation reveals that osteoblasts adhere and spread well on the Ca₃SiO₅ ceramics, indicating good bioactivity and cytocompatibility.     

The thermodynamic properties of liquid binary mixtures of <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-alkanes: <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-decane + <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-hexadecane

Data on sound velocity are used for determining the density, the isobaric expansion coefficient, the isobaric and isochoric heat capacity, and the isothermal compressibility of liquid binary mixture of n-decane + n-hexadecane of three compositions in the temperature range of 298–433 K and pressure range of 0.1–100 MPa. The coefficients of Tait equation are calculated in the above-identified range of parameters. The calculation results are compared with experimental data on density. The divergence does not exceed 0.2% for the most reliable data.     

Electrical properties of photodiodes based on <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-GaSb/<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-GaInAsSb/<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-GaAlAsSb heterojunctions

We have studied the electrical characteristics of photodiodes based on p-GaSb/p-GaInAsSb/N-GaAlAsSb heterojunctions and investigated the mechanisms of current transfer in these heterostructures at various temperatures. A comparison of the theoretical results and experimental data showed that the tunneling charge transfer mechanism dominates at low temperatures (T < 150 K) under both forward and reverse bias conditions. The tunneling current becomes a determining factor at an electric field strength in the p-n junction of no less that 10⁵ V/cm, which is related to a small bandgap width of the materials studied and low effective masses of electrons and holes.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">hg</Emphasis>-index: a new index to characterize the scientific output of researchers based on the <Emphasis Type="Italic">h</Emphasis>- and <Emphasis Type="Italic">g</Emphasis>-indices

To be able to measure the scientific output of researchers is an increasingly important task to support research assessment decisions. To do so, we can find several different measures and indices in the literature. Recently, the h-index, introduced by Hirsch in 2005, has got a lot of attention from the scientific community for its good properties to measure the scientific production of researchers. Additionally, several different indicators, for example, the g-index, have been developed to try to improve the possible drawbacks of the h-index. In this paper we present a new index, called hg-index, to characterize the scientific output of researchers which is based on both h-index and g-index to try to keep the advantages of both measures as well as to minimize their disadvantages.     

Electrical characteristics of (<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>)3C-SiC-(<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>)6H-SiC heterojunctions

The electrical characteristics of (p)3C-SiC-(n)6H-SiC epitaxial heterostructures obtained by sublimation epitaxy in vacuum are studied. The band discontinuities are determined and the energy band diagram of the heterojunction is constructed. It is shown that the obtained heterostructure offers a promising material for high electron mobility transistors.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">SH</Emphasis>-wave intromission concept

The existence of an SH-wave incidence angle for which the reflected amplitude is zero (SH-wave intromission angle) is established for the case of plane-wave scattering by a planar interface joining two homogeneous, isotropic, and linearly elastic half-spaces. Such an incidence angle is numerically shown to exist for two combinations of bimaterial interface properties. The SH-wave intromission angle is roughly parallel to the electromagnetic Brewster angle and the acoustic P-wave intromission angle, and the concept should find new applications for non-intrusive characterization of interfaces.     

Photophysical characteristics of microlayer photodiode <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>AlGaInAs(Zn)-<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>GaAs-Au structures

The photoelectric characteristics of photodiode pAlGaInAs(Zn)-nGaAs-Au structures have been investigated. It has been established experimentally that an internal photoelectric amplification arises in these structures when the nGaAs-Au potential barrier is connected in opposition to the (p(Al_0.08Ga_0.82)_0.9In_0.1As-nGaAs) heterojunction. The p(Al_0.08Ga_0.82)_0.9In_0.1As-nGaAs-Au structure operates as an injection photodiode when the p-n junction operates in the forward-bias regime and as a photodiode when this junction operates in the reversebias regime. The influence of the depletion regions of the base zone containing deep impurity centers on the photosensitivity and the spectral range of the indicated structures has been investigated. __________ Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 80, No. 1, pp. 166–172, January–February, 2007.     

Gravireception in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phycomyces Blakesleeanus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis Thaliana</Emphasis>: Hysteretic Behavior of Primary Reactions

The gravireception of the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus and seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana is accompanied by gravity-induced absorption changes (GIACs) that occur very fast and most likely represent primary responses of gravireception. GIACs that were analyzed during parabolic flights in micro- and hypergravity invariably display hysteretic behavior. Even though the identity of the pigments generating the GIACs remain presently unknown, it is nevertheless clear that they are specific for gravireception. This is strongly suggested by the fact that hystereses loops of wild-type specimen are significant larger than of gravitropic mutants. Hystereses are largely kinetically determined, are specific for the different organisms and stimulus programs, and thus aid in characterizing the requisite transduction chains of gravireception. The fact that monocot as well as dicot plants display GIACs just in the area of highest gravitropic sensitivity at the tip supports the conclusion that gravireception is generally associated with primary reactions.     

Simulation of the rheological behavior of enterosorbents in the gastroenteric tract <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis>

The influence of the temperature, pH, and a polymer on the properties and stability of activated coal suspensions serving as nonspecific enterosorbents has been considered. The rheological properties of the small-intestine chyme in vitro and the influence of an enterosorbent on them have been investigated. The advantages of using a water-soluble cellulose polyelectrolyte, as compared to an amylum, for preparation of tableted or grained activated coal are demonstrated. __________ Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 78, No. 5, pp. 147–151, September–October, 2005.     

A precision <Emphasis Type="Italic">RLC</Emphasis>-meter

The MNS1100 precision RLC-meter, which operates over a wide range of frequencies and measurable impedance parameters, is described. The instrument is based on new impedance measuring principles with a reduced set of measures and methods of calibrating the measuring circuits, which enable the measurement accuracy to be increased considerably, extend the functional capabilities and automate the apparatus adjustment.     

Application of a sensitivity equation method to the <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis>–<Emphasis Type="Italic">ε</Emphasis> model of turbulence

In this paper, we present some examples of sensitivity analysis for flows modeled by the standard k–ε model of turbulence with wall functions. The flow and continuous sensitivity equations are solved using an adaptive finite element method. Our examples emphasize a number of applications of sensitivity analysis: identification of the most significant parameters, analysis of the flow model, assessing the influence of closure coefficients, calculation of nearby flows, and uncertainty analysis. The sensitivity parameters considered are closure coefficients of the turbulence model and constants appearing in the wall functions.     

Generalization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">T</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis> integrals to time-dependent materials: analytical formulations

This paper deals with the generalization of T-integral to crack growth process in viscoelastic materials. In order to implement this expression in a finite element software, a modelling form of this integral, called Aθ, is developed. The analytical formulation is based on conservative law, independent path integral, and a combination of real, virtual displacement fields, and real, virtual thermal fields introducing, in the same time, a bilinear form of free energy density F. According to the generalization of Noether’s method, the application of Gauss Ostrogradski’s theorem combined with curvilinear cracked contour, T _v is obtained. By introducing a volume domain around crack tip, the modelling expression Aθ is also defined.. Finally, the viscoelastic generalization through a thermodynamic approach, called A _v , is introduced by using a discretisation of the creep tensor according to a generalized Kelvin Voigt representation.     

Impurity Effect on Kramer-Pesch Core Shrinkage in <Emphasis Type="Italic">s</Emphasis>-Wave Vortex and Chiral <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-Wave Vortex

No Heading The low-temperature shrinking of the vortex core (Kramer-Pesch effect) is studied for an isolated single vortex for chiral p-wave and s-wave superconducting phases. The effect of nonmagnetic impurities on the vortex core radius is numerically investigated in the Born limit by means of a quasiclassical approach. It is shown that in the chiral p-wave phase the Kramer-Pesch effect displays a certain robustness against impurities owing to a specific quantum effect, while the s-wave phase reacts more sensitively to impurity scattering. This suggests chiral p-wave superconductors as promising candidates for the experimental observation of the Kramer-Pesch effect.PACS numbers: 74.25.Op, 74.20.Rp, 74.70.Pq     

Sensitivity of dislocation engineered Si <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis> junctions to influence of illumination and ultrasound

In this work it is shown that the dislocation engineered Si p-n junctions are sensitive to variations of illumination intensity. It is found that with the aim of ultrasound processing it is possible to purposefully modulate properties of the device structure.     

Pre-exponential factor in<Emphasis Type="Italic">a</Emphasis>-Se<Subscript>75</Subscript>In<Subscript>25-<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Pb<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> thin films

Temperature dependence of d.c. conductivity is studied ina- Se₇₅In_25-x Pb _x thin films wherex is varied from 0–10. From these measurements, the values of the pre-exponential factor (σ₀) and activation energy (ΔE) are calculated for each glassy alloy. An approximate linear dependence of ln σ₀ on AE is observed in this glassy system with good agreement between the expected and calculated σ₀ values using Meyer-Neldel rule. Linear dependence of ln σ₀ on ΔE in case of amorphous materials indicates that the conduction band tails a finite energy distance towards the valence band and Fermi level is controlled by fixed dominant hole levels deeper in the gap.     

Electrical impedance of ethylene-carbon monoxide/propylene-carbon monoxide (<Emphasis Type="Italic">EPEC</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">69</Emphasis>) thermoplastic polyketone

Electrical impedance technique was employed to investigate the electrical properties of ethylene-carbon monoxide/propylene-carbon monoxide terpolymer (EPEC-69). The measurements were performed in the frequency range 0.1–10⁵ Hz and in the temperature range 30–110 °C. The results reveal that the dielectric constant, loss factor, modulus, and ac conductivity are dependent of frequency and temperature. A Debye relaxation peak was detected in the plot of Z″ versus frequency where the activation energy was determined and found to be 1.26 eV. When the surface phenomenon effects were separated using the imaginary part of the complex admittance a second dielectric dispersion was observed in the low frequency region. Two models were proposed from the impedance measurements depending on temperature range.