界面(表面)剪切黏度的测定方法评述

综述测定界面剪切黏度的实验方法，重点介绍对其中几种常见实用的测定方法，包括这些测定方法各自的演变、测量原理、实验装置、灵敏度、优缺点等问题。     

高聚物界面及其改性

介绍高聚物界面的概念,其基本参数的定义及测定方法。以界面理论为指导,详细阐述等离子体处理、接枝共聚等界面改性途径和国内外研究的最新成果。     

三元复合驱表活剂界面张力影响因素初步研究

碱/表面活性剂/聚合物三元复合驱是既可以提高油层波及体积又能提高驱油效率的三次采油方法,表活剂的主要作用是降低待捕集的原油与驱油流体之间界面张力。而影响表活剂界面张力的因素很多,本文从测定方法及仪器的影响进行研究,通过一系列的室内实验,确定各项因素对界面张力测定的影响大小,并给出最佳参考的仪器参数及测定方法。     

纤维增强聚合物复合材料界面残余热应力研究进展

本文综述了聚合物基纤维复合材料界面残余应力的形成，测定方法和各种理论分析方法，阐述了界面残余应力对办面粘结强度以及复合材料断裂韧性和强度的影响，最后对界面残余应力的控制方法作了评述。     

液液界面张力的测定

界面张力的测定是研究界面及与界面有关现象的重要手段。本文综述了界面张力的各种测定方法,着重介绍了滴外形法和旋转液滴法,以及各方法的优缺点、适用范围和精确度。     

纤维增强聚合物基复合材料界面残余热应力研究

本文综述了聚合物基纤维复合材料界面残余热应力的形成、测定方法和各种分析方法。阐述了残余就地界面粘结强度以及复合材料韧性和强度的影响。最后对界面残余应力的控制方法作了评述。     

偶联剂对玻璃钢界面强度的影响

本文采用红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ），凝胶色谱（ＧＰＣ）以及ＤＭＡ等测定方法，分析研究了偶联剂通过化学键，改善玻璃纤维与聚合物界面强度的机理，从而为玻璃纤维和玻璃钢生产中涂覆硅烷提供参考。     

石油产品中硫的测定方法及其在石油化工厂的应用

对目前各种石油产品中硫含量的测定方法进行了介绍,结合本石油化工厂石油产品中硫含量测定方法和仪器等,对测定方法的适用范围、测定范围、分析目的、优缺点以及仪器价等进行了比较和论述。不同石油产品硫含量测定方法具有各自的优缺点和适用范围。因此,对硫含量测定方法进行选择时,应结合样品的基本性质、硫含量、检出限、测定要求、适用范围、仪器成本价格及每次分析成本等众多因素来选择较为高效、准确、经济的测定方法。     

选择石油产品中硫测定方法的探讨

对石油产品中常用硫测定方法进行了论述,并就石油产品含硫量测定方法的选择进行了探讨,认为在对石油产品硫含量测定方法进行选择时,应首先要了解样品的基本性质,确定硫分的形态和含量范围,再根据石油产品硫含量测定方法的测量范围和其特点以及分析的目的及用途,来选择在合适的测试方法。     

硝化棉氮含量的测定方法

对硝化棉含氮量测定方法及各自特点作了简述,并对硝化棉氮含量测定方法的前景进行了展望。     

消泡剂气/液界面膜的性质对其消泡性能的影响

参照消泡试验标准ASTM E2407,评价了硅油类、聚醚酯类及聚醚改性聚硅氧烷类3种消泡剂的消/抑泡性能,并采用LB膜天平,测试了消泡剂对模拟起泡体系扩张模量、扩张弹性和扩张黏度的影响。结果表明,消泡剂分子吸附在气/液界面上,降低了界面膜的弹性,减小了界面膜的强度,使得界面膜厚度变薄,泡沫寿命缩短,从而达到破泡效果;消泡剂存在下的界面膜强度在一定时间内不足以形成稳定的泡沫,从而达到抑泡效果。同种消泡剂,在一定质量分数范围内,随质量分数增加,界面膜扩张模量、扩张弹性均降低,消泡剂消/抑泡性能变好;超过某一质量分数时,界面膜扩张模量、扩张弹性基本保持不变,消/抑泡性能也不再增强。不同种消泡剂,界面膜扩张模量及扩张弹性降低幅度越大,消/抑泡性能越好。因此,扩张模量和扩张弹性可以很好地解释消泡剂的消/抑泡效果。     

Aging Effects on Surface Properties and Coalescence of Bitumen Droplets

The coalescence of emulsified bitumen droplets is examined, from the perspective of material surface properties, at temperatures of 22°C and 40°C over exposure periods of up to 8 h. The study was undertaken to better understand the nature of oil sands ore conditioning in the water‐based bitumen extraction processes of Syncrude Canada Ltd. Measurements of the bitumen droplet electrophoretic mobility showed only a slight degree of variation with temperature. The mechanical stress‐strain behaviour of the droplets was investigated using a micropipette‐based technique. These results indicate that the interfacial dilational elasticity of bitumen droplets depends on temperature and droplet age, while the tension is relatively invariant to duration of exposure. Interaction experiments between emulsified bitumen droplets quantify a coalescence probability that correlates with dilational elasticity at their surfaces.     

Properties and applications of amphoteric surfactant: A concise review

Amphoteric surfactants have long hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain and hydrophilic positive as well as negative charged center connected with each other by a spacer group. Thus, this type of surfactant maintains overall charged neutrality. The properties of amphoteric surfactants depend primarily on the length of the hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain, the number of methylene segments in the spacer, the positive and negative charged groups, and their relative position. The ionic activity of amphoteric surfactants is influenced according to the pH value of the solvent. They display cationic behavior below the isoelectric points and anionic behavior at a higher pH. They take the shape of zwitterions in the area of the isoelectric point. In fact, amphoteric surfactants can be parted into pH-sensitive and pH-insensitive surfactants. The pH-insensitive surfactants stay as zwitterionic form irrespective of the pH of the solution. This surfactant has some unique features because of its precise molecular structure as follows: high water solubility, high surface activities, a wide isoelectric range, low critical micelle concentration (CMC), high foam stability, low toxicity, low irritating, excellent biodegradability, bioactivity, interface change, and so on. Because of these special characteristics, amphoteric surfactants have been immensely interested in many applications in the scientific community, including cosmetics, chromatography, enhanced oil recovery, electrochemistry, nanoscience, polymer chemistry, and waste water treatment. This review aims to study about amphoteric surfactants, which have only one hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail and two oppositely charged hydrophilic headgroups connected with each other by a spacer group and its properties, applications in various academics and industrial fields.     

非离子表面活性剂的表面膨胀性质研究

用毛细波 -纵向波技术研究了非离子表面活性剂octaethyleneglycolmonododecylether(C12 E8)的表面膨胀性质。利用毛细波 -纵向波的波数和衰减系数探索了非离子表面活性剂溶液的表面膨胀模量、表面膨胀弹性、表面膨胀粘度、静态膨胀弹性、表面粘度相角与浓度和表面变形频率的关系。还通过表面膨胀性质和Frumkin表面状态方程的研究 ,探讨了非离子表面活性剂溶液的表面吸附动力学性质     

Si3N4／Ti界面反应机理及界面层的显微结构

研究了采用熔盐热析出反在无压烧结氮化硅陶瓷表面生成的钛金属膜与陶瓷基体的界面反应机理和反应层显微结构，研究了不同反应温度下的界面反应产物及其分布规律，并探讨了界面反应的机理 。     

沙特原油活性组分的结构对油水界面性质的影响

测定了从沙特原油中分离出的胶质和沥青质的红外、紫外光谱和相对分子质量。对含有胶质、沥青质的模拟油和模拟水体系,测定了其界面张力和界面剪切黏度。胶质和沥青质的相对分子质量分别为497和1 786;光谱分析结果表明,沥青质比胶质含有更多的芳香环结构。含胶质和沥青质体系的界面张力分别是33.205 8 mN/m、31.732 5 mN/m,相差不大。对于界面剪切黏度,沥青质体系远大于胶质体系,同在100 mg/L,胶质体系剪切速率在0-0.5 rad/s时,界面剪切黏度最大不超过0.002 5 mN/m,而沥青质体系剪切速率在0.3 rad/s下,界面剪切黏度最大值大于1.000 0 mN/m,并且其曲线具有吸附曲线的特征,沥青质体系具有较强的界面膜,其界面膜的形成经历了从液态扩张膜到液态凝聚膜的变化过程。界面膜强度的大小与界面活性物质的相对分子质量的大小和芳香环结构含量的多少有关。     

Interfacial Dilational Rheology of Sodium Lauryl Glycine and Mixtures with Conventional Surfactants

Amino acid-based surfactants are environmentally friendly surfactants, which have aroused increasing interest. In the application of amino acid-based surfactants, they are often compounded with other kinds of surfactants to obtain formulations that meet certain requirements. Herein, sodium lauroyl glycinate (C12-Gly-Na) was selected as a representative amino acid-based surfactant to compound with an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS]), a cationic surfactant (dodecyl trimethyl ammonium Bromide), and a nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100: p-octyl polyethylene glycol phenyl ether). Surface tension measurements and interfacial dilational rheological experiments were performed to study the interfacial behaviors of C12-Gly-Na and its mixtures. The results show that mixture systems have better interfacial activity than individual C12-Gly-Na and there is an obvious synergy between C12-Gly-Na and C12TAB under strong electrostatic attraction. Thus, the C12-Gly-Na/C12TAB mixture shows lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) and γ_CMC and higher dilational modulus than the individual surfactants. Besides, the film formed by the C12-Gly-Na/C12TAB mixture has higher viscoelasticity than single C12-Gly-Na and its mixtures with SDS and TX-100. With the increase of bulk concentration, the dilational moduli of C12-Gly-Na, C12-Gly-Na/SDS, and C12-Gly-Na/TX-100 run through two maxima, while, due to stronger electrostatic attraction, only one maximum appears in the C12-Gly-Na/C12TAB system. The study of the interfacial properties of amino acid surfactant and its mixtures with other surfactants provides a theoretical foundation for potential applications in cosmetic, food processing, and daily chemical industries.     

孤东原油组分的界面张力测定

按常规四组分分离法将孤东1#原油分离为饱和分、芳香分、胶质、沥青质,它们在原油中的质量分数分别为:45 88%,22 45%,14 73%,14 43%。将各组分在原油中所占的质量分数的十分之一和煤油配制成模拟油,模拟油与蒸馏水、碱水〔w(Na2CO3)=1 2%)〕体系的界面张力分别为:35 700,13 360;24 520,4 630;22 760,5 610;19 380,0 056mN/m。并对各分离组分进行了红外光谱、元素组成、相对分子质量测定。结果表明:界面张力的大小与各组分中的含氧量有关,含氧量越高,界面张力越低。沥青质是孤东1#原油的主要活性物质;w(沥青质)=3%时,模拟油与碱水〔w(Na2CO3)=1 2%〕体系的界面张力为0 0053mN/m。     

界面不稳定现象

扼要介绍了起因于局部界面张力梯度的界面不稳定现象，现象的起因，动态表现及研究进展。     

羊毛脂的界面性质研究

采用VPO法测定羊毛脂的数均相对分子质量为778。45℃,w(羊毛脂)=2%的煤油溶液与二次蒸馏水、w(Na2CO3)=1 2%的水溶液、w(NaOH)=1 2%的水溶液之间的最低界面张力分别为5 25,0 21,0.20mN/m。于30℃测定了羊毛脂煤油溶液在水/碱体系的乳化性能。羊毛脂在w(NaOH)=1 2%的水溶液中的乳状液非常稳定,反应4d时已经完全乳化,分水率为零;在二次蒸馏水中的分水率4d时仍大于90%。w(羊毛脂)=0 1%的煤油溶液与w(NaOH)=1 2%的水溶液之间,随着剪切速率的增加,羊毛脂的界面剪切黏度逐渐降低,具有切稀作用。