气体屏蔽过滤器

气体屏蔽过滤器杉浦博文１半导体制造业用气的过滤器近年来，在半导体行业的高纯气供给系统中，气体过滤器是除粒子、水份及有机物必不可少的装置。但由于安装了气体过滤器，其滤芯自身磨粒清落引起粒子增加、过滤器材质脱气、或腐蚀性气体对过滤器材质的腐蚀、压差等会产...     

生物滴滤塔净化恶臭气体的快速启动及工艺性能

生物滴滤法是一种经济、有效的恶臭气体处理方法。为实现生物滴滤塔(BTF)快速稳定启动,以城镇污水处理厂活性污泥为接种微生物,以葡萄糖溶液为共代谢基质,以氨气、硫化氢、乙硫醇混合气体为模拟恶臭气体,采用接种培养挂膜法启动生物滴滤塔。试验结果表明:挂膜培养25d后完成了BTF的快速启动;在NH_3进气浓度为77.93～271.57mg/m~3、H_2S进气浓度为114.64～423.76mg/m~3、乙硫醇进气浓度为63.7～313.42mg/m~3、空床停留时间(EBRT)为21s、气液比为277.8∶1、喷淋液pH为6.5～7.5条件下,BTF对模拟恶臭气体各组分的去除率不低于80%,而且装置运行稳定。     

中空平板MBR膜概述

MBR(膜生物反应器)是一种将高效膜分离技术与传统活性淤泥法相结合的新型高效污水处理工艺。作为用于污水处理的一种新技术,相对于传统的活性污泥法来讲,用膜分离取代了沉淀池的固液分离,除能维持高浓度活性污泥的特点,还具有去除悬浮颗粒并获得高质量的处理水质,操作方便等许多优点。且能与除磷除氮等工艺相结合,达到深度处理/回用的目的。     

硫系高效脱臭菌的分离及其特性研究

从三个不同地点采集的混合样品中，分离到16株能氧化无机硫化物的菌株，优化筛选出菌株Hm-6，其形态，生理生化反应特征鉴定为假单菌（Pseudomonas sp.)。研究了菌株Hm-6氧化H2S的影响因素和代谢过程。确定Hm-6菌株的生长最适温度为30℃，pH值为7；将其投加到泥炭生物过滤塔中，室温即对低浓度H2S有较高的去除效果，且没有延迟期，代谢产物是类硫物质，而不是通常的硫酸根。     

厌氧发酵产氢系统的启动与乙醇型发酵优势菌群的建立

针对乙醇型发酵这一具有较高产氢能力的有机废水产酸发酵类型,通过小试模型实验和中试系统的运行实验,研究了发酵生物制氢污泥反应系统的启动规律和驯化乙醇型发酵优势菌群的对策。研究表明,厌氧活性污泥和好氧活性污泥都可作为发酵生物制氢污泥反应系统启动的种泥,在接种量不低于6．5gVSS／L,进水有机物浓度3000～5000gCOD／L,pH4．0～4．6,HRT8～11h等控制条件下,反应系统可在45d左右建立起乙醇型发酵菌群的优势地位,发酵气体中的氢气含量达到40％～50％。     

膜生物反应器用于城市污水处理与回用的试验研究

采用规模为40m^3／d的膜生物反应器对城市污水处理回用进行了试验研究．试验结果表明：膜生物反应器具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力，活性污泥对污染物的去除起主要作用，膜分离对维持稳定的出水起重要作用．膜生物反应器出水稳定，水质良好，优于生活杂用水水质标准(CJ25．1—89)．     

基于竹丝填料的生物膜法深度处理未达标污水厂二级尾水的研究

以竹丝为生物载体,利用连续流小试装置深度处理未达标城市污水厂二级尾水。当进水C／N控制在2左右时,TN和N03--N平均去除率：23．6％、34．5％。表明竹丝填料能在低C／N且污染物较难降解的未达标二级尾水中形成稳定的生物膜,该填料优良的表面特性和成分组成是保持良好去除有机物和氮素污染物的主要成因。     

电子级气体中的粒子

本报告的目的是研究，气体主流及气体输配系统中的粒子和粒子源；对粒子原的控制及消除方法，在线实际过滤器的使用，保护必需设置的输配系统，预防污染，作为污染源的过滤器。     

MBR污泥驯化和在高盐废水处理中的应用

海水代用是解决水资源匮乏的有效途径,海上钻井平台海水冲厕水的处理具有重要意义.以天津某污水处理厂的脱水污泥为接种污泥,采用梯度增加盐度自然驯化和稳定盐度投加嗜盐菌生物强化驯化两种方法对接种污泥进行培养、驯化,考察MLSS(混合液悬浮固体),COD(化学需氧量)和NH_4~+-N等指标的变化对两套MBR(膜生物反应器)的影响.实验结果表明:在质量分数3.5%NaCl盐度下,稳定盐度投加嗜盐菌生物强化驯化的活性污泥,其COD平均去除率90%,NH_4~+-N平均去除率70%;而梯度加盐自然驯化的活性污泥,其COD平均去除率85%,NH_4~+-N平均去除率70%.梯度加盐自然驯化的活性污泥适用于低负荷的含盐污水处理,而稳定盐度投加嗜盐菌生物强化驯化的活性污泥适用于高负荷的含盐废水处理.     

不同填料旋转床功耗与气体压降特性对比研究

采用同心环波纹碟片填料和不锈钢波纹丝网两种填料，在气液逆流CO2吸收操作时，对旋转床的功耗及气体压降进行了对比实验分析。功耗特性对比结果表明，当液流量不变，旋转床转速低于38rad／s时，丝网填料旋转床吸收器消耗的功率大于碟片填料旋转床吸收器消耗的功率；转速高于38rad／s时则相反。气体压降特性对比结果表明，在液流量和旋转床转速不变的操作条件下，碟片填料旋转床的气体压降要大于丝网填料旋转床的气体压降约50Pa；在气流量和转速不变的操作条件下，当液流量较小时，丝网填料旋转床的气体压降大于碟片填料旋转床的气体压降；当液流量较大时则相反。在相同气流量和液流量下，碟片旋转床气体压降要大于丝网填料旋转床气体压降。研究结果为AIP系统旋转床吸收器的填料优选及全系统的优化设计提供了重要的依据。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...