氧化铁红对热硫化硅橡胶热老化性能的影响

以聚甲基乙烯基硅氧烷、气相法白炭黑、沉淀法白炭黑、结构化控制剂等为原料,氧化铁红等为填料配成热硫化硅橡胶。研究了氧化铁红的粒径对热硫化硅橡胶耐热性的影响。结果表明,三氧化二铁能明显提高热硫化硅橡胶的耐热性,且粒径越细,耐热效果越明显;添加5份超细氧化铁红的热硫化硅橡胶经300℃×72h热空气老化后,仍保持拉伸强度3.4MPa和伸长率135%,邵尔A硬度较初期升高了6度,扯断伸长率较初期减小35%。     

1,1'-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁对RTV-2硅橡胶耐热性能的影响

以端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷为基胶,沉淀法白炭黑为填料制得双组分室温硫化(RTV-2)硅橡胶。研究了1,1'-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁用量对RTV-2硅橡胶耐热空气老化性能的影响。结果表明:在300℃和320℃热空气老化条件下,1,1'-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁加入量为0.1～1.5份时,RTV-2硅橡胶的耐热性能明显提高,经340℃×50 h热空气老化后,二茂铁用量为0.1份和1.5份的RTV-2硅橡胶已经老化变脆,完全失去使用性能。而二茂铁用量为0.2份和0.5份的RTV-2硅橡胶仍具有一定的力学性能,此时RTV-2硅橡胶的抗热老化性能最优。     

高硬度硅橡胶耐热性能与回弹性能的改善

西安交通大学的王艳等人通过添加气相法白炭黑增加硅橡胶的硬度，添加金属氧化物（二氧化铈）改善硅橡胶的热稳定性。当100份硅橡胶中添加14．5份气相法白炭黑时，硅橡胶的邵尔A硬度为90度，但常温性能明显下降，硫化后性能也大幅度下降；添加1．5份二氧化铈后，硅橡胶的热老化性能提高，     

快速注压成型氟硅橡胶的研究

以气相法白炭黑为补强填料、二氧化铈为耐热添加剂、过氧化双 (2 ,4-二氯苯甲酰 )为硫化剂 ,研制出果绿色快速注压成型耐热氟硅橡胶 ,其硫化胶的拉伸强度为 9 6MPa ,扯断伸长率为 485 % ,压缩永久变形 (175℃× 2 2h ,2 0 %压缩率 )为 38% ,满足了航空耐油电连接器的技术要求。     

石墨烯对乙基硅橡胶热老化性能的影响

采用机械共混法将石墨烯或氧化石墨烯加入乙基硅橡胶,通过橡胶加工分析仪、力学性能测试及空气热老化研究了石墨烯或氧化石墨烯作为耐热添加剂对两种结构控制剂体系的乙基硅橡胶热空气老化性能的影响。结果表明,石墨烯或氧化石墨烯对乙基硅橡胶热空气老化性能的提升较明显,经150℃×72 h热空气老化后,添加了石墨烯或氧化石墨烯的样品拉伸强度损失率由原来的超过50%降低到20%以内,拉断伸长率的变化由原来超过60%减少为30%左右。通过对样品交联密度的表征,分析了热空气老化条件下石墨烯对乙基硅橡胶交联网络的微观影响。     

金属氧化物铁红对双组分室温硫化硅橡胶耐热性能的影响

以二月硅酸二丁基锡为促进剂,正硅酸乙酯为硫化剂,金属氧化物铁红为填料制备了双组分室温硫化硅橡胶,研究了铁红用量对双组分室温硫化硅橡胶耐热性能的影响。结果表明,铁红能明显提高双组分室温硫化硅橡胶的耐热性能,且当用量达到8份时,在N2氛围中耐热效果较好。在250℃×72h热空气老化后,拉伸强度为1.42MPa,拉断伸长率为183%;当铁红用量超过12份后,热空气老化系数大于1。     

氟硅密封剂热老化性能研究

以不同三氟丙基含量的端羟基液体氟硅橡胶作为生胶,采用共混法制备氟硅密封剂。以拉伸强度和断裂伸长率为衡量指标,采用单因素试验法探讨了三氟丙基含量、硫化剂和耐热助剂类型等对氟硅密封剂耐热老化性能的影响。结果表明,三氟丙基含量越高,氟硅密封剂的耐热老化性能越差;硫化剂类型对氟硅密封剂的耐热老化性能影响不大;耐热助剂类型对氟硅密封剂的常温力学性能影响不大,但三氧化二铁(Fe2O3)和氧化铈(CeO2)均能明显提高氟硅密封剂的耐热性能。     

金属氧化物对单组分缩合型室温硫化氟硅橡胶耐热空气老化性能的影响

研究了金属氧化物（二氧化锡、三氧化二铁和铁锡氧化物复合物）对单组分缩合型室温硫化氟硅橡胶（ＦＲ１）耐热空气老化性能的影响。结果表明,二氧化锡、三氧化二铁和铁锡氧化物复合物能提高ＦＲ１的耐热空气老化性能,使ＦＲ１的初始分解温度分别提高１５,１５和３０℃,并使ＦＲ１的热重曲线向高温方向偏移;二氧化锡和三氧化二铁在耐热空气老化方面有协同作用,铁锡氧化物复合物的耐热空气老化性能最好     

低苯基硅橡胶压缩永久变形性能的研究

比较了不同捏合工艺下热硫化低苯基硅橡胶的压缩永久变形性能。发现捏合时间对低苯基硅橡胶的压缩永久变形性能有显著影响。随着捏合时间的延长,压缩永久变形性能先降后增,当捏合时间达到150 min时,压缩永久变形性能趋于稳定;继续延长捏合时间,压缩永久变形性能变大;随着热空气老化温度的升高,低苯基硅橡胶的压缩永久变形变大,在300℃×12 h条件下压缩永久变形可达100%,基本丧失了回弹能力;随着热空气老化时间的增加,低苯基硅橡胶压缩永久变形变大,在200℃×1 200 h、250℃×72 h、300℃×12 h老化后,低苯基硅橡胶的压缩永久变形达到100%,基本丧失了回弹能力。     

乙基硅橡胶的耐热性研究

研究了2种耐热助剂对乙基硅橡胶耐热性的影响.热空气老化试验结果表明,经200 ℃×24 h热空气老化后,空白样和添加Fe2O3的试样已经脆化,失去弹性;而添加有机抗氧剂4,4'-双(α,α-二甲基苄基)二苯胺(KY-405)的试样的扯断伸长率仍达186%,比初期减少39%,保持良好的弹性,且其-75 ℃下的压缩耐寒系数为0.58.TG-DSC试验分析也表明,添加KY-405将乙基硅橡胶的初始分解温度从279 ℃提高到了336 ℃,有机抗氧剂通过有效防护乙基硅橡胶中乙基侧链的氧化交联提高了乙基硅橡胶的耐热空气老化性能.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.