羧甲基纤维素辅助微波干热对蜡质玉米淀粉理化特性的影响

以蜡质玉米淀粉(WCS)为原料,通过羧甲基纤维素(CMC)辅助对其进行微波干热改性,以便改善WCS的加工特性,扩宽其应用范围。采用快速黏度分析仪(RVA)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、流变仪、X衍射分析仪等对CMC辅助微波干热改性的WCS的糊化特性、冻融稳定性、热特性、流变特性等进行了研究。结果表明,经CMC辅助微波干热后,WCS糊的黏度和冻融稳定性显著升高。表观黏度随角频率增加而降低,显示了典型的非牛顿流体特征,添加CMC的WCS糊的储能模量(G')和损耗模量(G″)增大,而损耗因子(tanδ)显著降低,表明样品的凝胶性明显增强。     

热处理对不同直链淀粉含量的玉米淀粉理化性质的影响

采用快速黏度分析法、离心法、差示扫描量热分析法、动态流变仪分析法等,研究了干热与湿热处理对3种不同直链淀粉含量的玉米淀粉糊化性质、膨润性质、热力学性质、流变性质的影响,为淀粉的物理改性研究和加工应用提供理论依据。结果表明,干热处理使淀粉更易糊化,表现为3种玉米淀粉糊化温度降低,溶解度、膨胀度增加。湿热处理加大糊化难度,使3种玉米淀粉的糊化温度升高,膨胀度降低。热处理使玉米淀粉糊稠度、糊化焓值降低。蜡质玉米淀粉经热处理后,溶解度和老化率增加。流变性质测定结果表明,湿热处理不利于高直链玉米淀粉黏弹性凝胶的形成。     

黄原胶辅助干热改性淀粉纳米颗粒的理化特性研究

以玉米淀粉纳米颗粒为原料,通过黄原胶辅助对其进行干热改性,以便改善淀粉纳米颗粒的加工特性,扩大其应用范围。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、流变仪、X-衍射分析仪、透射电镜(TEM)等对干热处理前后的纳米颗粒与黄原胶共混物的热特性、流变特性以及微观结构进行了研究。结果表明,经黄原胶辅助干热处理后,淀粉纳米颗粒的糊化温度和焓值显著增加,表明纳米颗粒的结构增强,热稳定性增加。与未经干热处理的样品相比,干热混合物的储能模量(G')值显著升高、而损失因子(tanδ)明显降低,表明干热处理后,淀粉纳米颗粒乳液的凝胶性增强,呈现更加偏向于类固体的性质。TEM结果显示,淀粉纳米颗粒的直径在100 nm左右,与黄原胶混合干热后,有聚集现象,且颗粒有缩小的趋势。本研究可作为淀粉纳米颗粒物理改性的一种新方法,为生产改性淀粉纳米颗粒提供参考。     

微波处理对普通玉米淀粉和蜡质玉米淀粉理化性质的影响

为探讨微波处理对普通玉米淀粉(CCS)和蜡质玉米淀粉(WCS)理化性质的影响,采用快速黏度分析法、差示扫描量热法、流变分析法,研究了不同时间或功率微波处理后CCS、WCS的理化性质。结果表明,微波处理时间和功率影响CCS、WCS的理化性质。60~90 s或462~700 W的微波处理增加CCS、WCS的糊化难度,使其起糊温度升高。微波处理导致CCS淀粉糊稠度、糊化焓降低,WCS的膨胀度降低。微波处理使WCS淀粉糊储能模量、损耗模量升高,增加其在外力作用下的稳定性,但只能形成弱凝胶。不同时间、不同功率的微波处理对CCS、WCS的短期老化和长期老化均有一定的抑制作用,使CCS、WCS的回生值、老化率均降低。     

韧化温度和时间对不同直链淀粉质量分数玉米淀粉物化性质的影响

为进一步探讨韧化处理对淀粉性质的作用机理,通过测定糊化性质、热特性、膨胀力、结晶特性及观察偏光十字现象和微观结构,研究了不同韧化温度和时间对不同直链淀粉质量分数玉米淀粉（普通玉米淀粉（normal corn starch,NCS）和蜡质玉米淀粉（waxy corn starch,WCS））物化性质的影响。结果表明,韧化处理主要作用于NCS和WCS淀粉颗粒的无定形区,对淀粉结晶类型没有影响;但韧化处理能够明显增强NCS和WCS的热稳定性和抗剪切能力,抑制淀粉老化和糊化,显著降低峰值黏度和膨胀力（P＜0.05）。韧化温度升高至60 ℃时韧化效果更加明显,糊化焓和相对结晶度明显降低,颗粒表面被明显破坏。但延长韧化时间对NCS和WCS老化的抑制效果和对糊化焓、膨胀力、颗粒形貌等的影响不明显。     

交联剂和醚化剂添加量对改性蜡质玉米淀粉性质的影响

目的:为有效控制交联羟丙基淀粉制备过程中交联和醚化程度，改善产品性能。方法:以蜡质玉米淀粉(WCS)为原料，以三偏磷酸钠(STMP)为交联剂、环氧丙烷(PO)为醚化剂，在碱性条件下制备了复合变性淀粉——羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯(HDP),重点考察了STMP和PO添加量对蜡质玉米淀粉Brabender黏度曲线、透明度、冻融稳定性的影响。结果:通过前期条件探索和研究优化，获得了兼具热稳定性和易糊化特性、冻融稳定性和透明度较单一交联或醚化改性WCS改善的HDP,具体制备条件为：STMP添加量0.30 g/100 g,交联反应时间45 min, PO添加量6 mL/100 g,醚化反应时间90 min。结论:经交联和醚化后的淀粉性能相比原淀粉有了明显的改善，糊化温度降低，冻融稳定性提高，热稳定性和凝胶性均有所增强。     

不同修饰程度对蜡质玉米淀粉理化性质和消化特性的影响

利用淀粉蔗糖酶(AS)的转糖基活力修饰蜡质玉米淀粉(WCS),探索不同修饰程度对其理化性质和消化特性的影响。结果表明:在给定的反应条件下,酶反应进程可用对数函数进行模拟;与A型的原淀粉相比,改性WCS的结构更为致密,且呈现出B型结晶特性;改性前后淀粉的支链长度分布变化显著,随着转糖基率(TR)的增加,Fr I(聚合度(DP)30)组分所占比例显著增加,Fr III(DP13)组分所占比例显著减小;与原淀粉(抗性淀粉(RS)含量=0.8%)相比,改性WCS的RS含量明显提高(53.1%≤RS含量≤73.6%),随着TR的增加,改性WCS的RS含量呈现先增加后缓慢降低的趋势,在TR=88%时,RS含量达到最高(73.6%)。     

低压等离子体处理对蜡质玉米淀粉性质的影响

采用低压等离子体对蜡质玉米淀粉进行改性。在等离子体处理时间为4 min,处理功率分别为100、200、300、400 W时,研究了蜡质玉米淀粉的红外光谱特性、交联度、糊化特性和流变学性质。实验结果表明:等离子体处理使蜡质玉米淀粉发生了交联反应,淀粉的储能模量增加,损耗模量基本不变,能形成弱凝胶;糊化难度增加,糊化温度升高。     

不同添加量的氨基酸辅助干热处理对玉米淀粉理化和消化性质的影响（网络首发、推荐阅读）

以玉米淀粉为原料,通过氨基酸（天冬氨酸和赖氨酸）辅助干热处理对其改性,采用快速黏度仪、差式扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪,对不同氨基酸添加量（0.5%、2%、4%和10%,w/w）的干热玉米淀粉的糊化特性、热特性、结构特性和消化性质进行了研究。结果表明,氨基酸添加量对干热处理玉米淀粉-氨基酸混合物的理化性质和消化性质有显著影响。随着两种氨基酸添加量的增多,淀粉的峰值黏度、回生值和糊化焓值降低,而相对结晶度和抗性淀粉含量升高;干热玉米淀粉-天冬氨酸混合物的糊化温度呈先升高而后降低的趋势,干热玉米淀粉-赖氨酸混合物的糊化温度呈升高趋势。提高氨基酸添加量能促进淀粉颗粒内部的晶体排列更紧密、有序,能更好地抑制淀粉的短期老化,降低淀粉的消化性能;可作为玉米淀粉改性的一种新方法,为生产改性淀粉提供参考。     

交联和羟丙基改性对蜡质玉米淀粉糊性能的影响

本研究采用蜡质玉米淀粉为原料,湿法工艺制备了磷酸酯双淀粉(1412)、羟丙基淀粉(1440)和羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯(1442),通过对蜡质玉米淀粉(WS)和3种变性淀粉(1412、1440、1442)在黏度、抗剪切、耐酸性、冻融稳定性和透明度等性能的比较,探讨了羟丙基醚化和交联改性处理对蜡质玉米淀粉糊性能的影响。试验结果显示:⑴羟丙基改性处理降低了淀粉的糊化温度,提高了淀粉峰值黏度,透明度和冻融稳定性得到显著改善,但热稳定性、耐酸性和抗剪切均较差;⑵磷酸盐交联改性的磷酸酯双淀粉糊化温度升高,峰值黏度降低,糊液在抗剪切、耐酸性方面得到显著改善,但糊液透明度降低,冻融稳定性未得到改善;⑶通过交联和羟丙基改性的羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯,兼具有磷酸酯双淀粉和羟丙基淀粉的共同特性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press