土三七提取物对尿酸钠诱导的大鼠急性痛风性关节炎的缓解作用

为研究土三七提取物对尿酸钠诱导的大鼠急性痛风性关节炎的缓解作用,将SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、土三七提取物高(300 mg/kg)、中(200 mg/kg)、低剂量组(100 mg/kg)。各组大鼠分组给药6 d后,除正常组外,其余组大鼠注射尿酸钠溶液造模。测定大鼠关节肿胀度,进行步态分析,造模48 h后处死老鼠,进行苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察关节腔积液涂片和关节滑膜浸润情况,酶联免疫吸附法测定大鼠滑膜组织中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-1α(IL-1α)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量。结果显示,模型组大鼠踝关节肿胀,步态跛行,滑膜组织中大量炎症细胞浸润,炎症因子IL-1β、IL-1α、TNF-α均显著(p<0.05)高于正常组,提示造模成功。土三七提取物中、高剂量组大鼠踝关节肿胀度随着时间推移均有所改善,步态肿胀也有所缓和,其中高剂量组大鼠关节肿胀抑制率一直保持在50%以上,中剂量组抑制率在致炎6 h后达到47.1%,炎症因子IL-1β、IL-1α、TNF-α含量均低于模型组大鼠,且差异显著(p<0.05)。本次试验结果表明土三七提取物中、高剂量组对尿酸钠诱导的大鼠急性痛风性关节炎有积极的影响作用。     

橄榄果汁冻干粉的降尿酸与抗痛风作用

采用高尿酸血症大鼠与痛风性关节炎大鼠模型,考察橄榄果汁冻干粉（Hidrox?12%）的降尿酸与抗痛风作用及机制。通过腹腔注射氧嗪酸钾（Potassium oxazinate,PO）建立高尿酸血症大鼠动物模型,灌胃相应药物,检测血清尿酸（Uric Acid,UA）、肌酐（Creatinine,CR）、尿素氮（Blood Urea Nitrogen,BUN）含量和血清与肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶（Xanthine Oxidase,XOD）活性水平,检测肾皮质尿酸转运蛋白1（Recombinant Urate Transporter 1,URAT1）表达水平。通过给大鼠踝关节腔注射尿酸钠晶体（Monosodium Urate,MSU）建立痛风性关节炎大鼠模型,评价橄榄果汁冻干粉对痛风性关节炎大鼠关节肿胀、血清肿瘤坏死因子α（Tumor Necrosis Factor-α,TNF-α）与白细胞介素1β（Interleukin-1β,IL-1β）水平的影响。通过UPLC-ESI-MS/MS法分离与鉴定降尿酸的有效成分。结果显示,与模型组相比,橄榄果汁冻干粉（80 mg/kg）能极显著降低大鼠血清尿酸水平（P<0.01）,极显著改善高尿酸导致的血清CR与BUN升高（P<0.01）。橄榄果汁冻干粉降尿酸的机制可能与其降低血清和肝脏XOD活性、下调URAT1表达等有关。在痛风性关节炎模型中,橄榄果汁冻干粉（80 mg/kg）能高度显著改善MSU导致的关节肿胀（P<0.001）,显著降低血清TNF-α与IL-1β水平（P<0.05）。进一步研究发现,橄榄果汁冻干粉成分中胡椒碱与木犀草素能有效抑制HEK-293T细胞URAT1的尿酸转运,可能是其降尿酸的活性成分。综上,橄榄果汁冻干粉能有效降低腹腔注射PO导致的高尿酸血症大鼠的尿酸水平,改善大鼠踝关节注射MSU晶体引起的痛风关节炎症状,其机制可能是降低肝脏XOD活性、下调URAT1表达以及改善炎症水平。     

黑果枸杞花青素提取物对大鼠急性痛风性关节炎的作用

为研究黑果枸杞花青素提取物(anthocyanin extract of Lycium ruthenicum Murr., AEL)对急性痛风性关节炎(acute gouty arthritis, AGA)大鼠的作用,将60只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组、AEL高剂量组(238.0mg/kg)和AEL低剂量组(59.5mg/kg),每组12只,分为2批,每批6只。第一批动物灌胃2周,第二批动物灌胃4周后,采用50mg/mL微晶型尿酸钠(microcrystalline sodium urate, MSU) 0.2mL注射到大鼠右踝关节诱导大鼠急性痛风性关节炎模型,评价AEL对AGA大鼠踝关节肿胀和跛行步态的改善效果。所有动物继续灌胃至5周,采用质量分数2.5%的氧嗪酸钾饲料喂食诱导高尿酸血症模型,测定造模2h、3h后大鼠的血清尿酸水平。研究发现,与模型对照组比较,灌胃2周,AEL高剂量能明显缓解大鼠造模6h后踝关节肿胀,改善跛行步态;灌胃4周,AEL高、低剂量均能明显缓解大鼠造模后6h、24h踝关节肿胀和改善造模6h后跛行步态,AEL高剂量还能明显改善造模24h后跛行步态;灌胃5周后,AEL高、低剂量均能明显抑制氧嗪酸钾导致的大鼠血清尿酸升高。结果表明,AEL能从抗炎和降尿酸两个方面对大鼠急性痛风性关节炎表现出明显改善作用。     

金银花黄酮提取物的降血糖作用

目的：研究金银花黄酮提取物的降血糖作用。方法：用75%乙醇对金银花黄酮进行超声提取,小鼠适应性喂养一周,将其分为正常组、模型组、金银花黄酮提取物低（200 mg/kg·BW）、高剂量组（400 mg/kg·BW）、阳性组（200 mg/kg·BW）,除正常组外,其余各组一次性腹腔注射STZ(130 mg/kg·BW),造模成功后开始灌胃,实验期间记录小鼠体重及空腹血糖值（FBG）,并进行口服糖耐量（OGTT）测试,测定小鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）的变化,ELISA法测定小鼠肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)的变化。结果：金银花黄酮提取物含量为43.62 mg/g,与模型组相比,试验组能够有效缓解1型糖尿病小鼠（T1DM）体重的下降,极显著降低其FBG(P<0.01),极显著提高OGTT水平（P<0.01）,金银花黄酮高剂量组TC、TG、LDL-C、...     

半枫荷根对佐剂诱导型关节炎的改善作用及其正丁醇提取物UPLC-Q-TOF-MS分析

目的:本研究探讨了半枫荷根对类风湿性关节炎的治疗作用,明确活性提取物及化学成分。方法:建立SD大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型,测定侧足肿胀容积、关节炎指数变化、胸腺、脾脏指数;ELISA法测定外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中COX-2、5-LOX及血清IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-10水平;HE染色观察踝关节病理组织形态,用上述指标筛选半枫荷根活性提取物,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术对活性提取物进行定性。结果:与模型组比,半枫荷根醇提物组（1.6 g/kg）的大鼠侧足肿胀度、关节炎指数、脾脏指数降低;COX-2及5-LOX、血清IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α水平明显降低,IL-10水平明显升高;关节组织炎细胞浸润减少、病理形态改善;半枫荷根正丁醇部位为活性提取物;正丁醇提取物鉴定得到104个成分,包括有机酸类、糖和糖苷类、黄酮类、醌类及香豆素等有机化合物。结论:半枫荷根对佐剂型关节炎具有明显保护作用,在治疗药物和功能性食品的开发方面有广阔的前景。     

桔梗提取物对类风湿性关节炎大鼠的抗炎作用

探究桔梗提取物对类风湿性关节炎大鼠关节肿胀的干预效果及抗炎作用。选取55只SD大鼠,5只作正常组,其余50只建立类风湿性关节炎模型,分为模型组、药物对照组、低、中、高浓度组,分别干预。观察各组大鼠足体积、关节炎指数及丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平。结果显示,建模后第1、7、14、20 d,高浓度组大鼠足体积分别为2.12 mL、2.60 mL、2.93 mL、2.49 mL,关节炎指数分别为2.03、2.86、5.25、4.37,低于其他四组(p0.05);高浓度组大鼠MDA、IL-8、CRP、TNF-α水平分别为21.46μmol/L、101.33 pg/mL、4.34 mg/L、4.86 ng/mL,低于其他四组(p0.05);SOD、GSH-Px水平分别为86.11 nU/mL、85.37 U/L,高于其他四组(p0.05)。桔梗提取物能够减轻类风湿性关节炎大鼠关节肿胀程度,改善抗氧化能力,抑制炎症反应。     

鸡胸软骨糖/肽水解物的结构表征及其抗炎活性

本研究从鸡胸软骨水解物中分离得到胶原蛋白肽和硫酸软骨素并对其进行了结构表征和抗炎活性研究。胶原蛋白肽和硫酸软骨素得率分别为68.32%和18.82%(以干重计)。氨基酸分析表明胶原蛋白肽中甘氨酸含量最高,达14.05 mg/g,其次为谷氨酸(9.09mg/g)和脯氨酸(7.44 mg/g);紫外光谱分析与圆二色性结果显示所提取样品符合胶原蛋白肽的典型特征;通过高效液相色谱分析发现92.38%的胶原蛋白肽分子量小于1000u。傅里叶红外光谱、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、二糖组成分析结果表明提取的硫酸软骨素主要由硫酸软骨素A组成,相对纯度为91.87%。通过建立关节炎大鼠模型并检测糖/肽水解物对炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、PGE-2水平影响,与模型组相比(TNF-α39.90 pg/mL、IL-1β22.38 pg/mL、PGE-2 89.41 pg/mL),灌胃软骨水解物、胶原蛋白肽和硫酸软骨素能显著降低关节炎大鼠TNF-α、IL-1β、PGE-2水平(p0.05)。本实验结果表明,使用软骨水解物、胶原蛋白肽和硫酸软骨素能够抑制炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、PGE-2水平,减轻关节炎大鼠炎症反应。     

苦瓜粉缓解大鼠肥胖相关炎症的作用途径

目的:研究苦瓜粉(BMP)对大鼠肥胖相关炎症的缓解作用,并从BMP调节肠道内短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)含量的角度探索其作用途径。方法:在喂以高脂饲料的同时,对大鼠分别灌胃给水(4 mL/kg bw)和BMP(300 mg/kg bw)14周,测定大鼠的体脂比、血糖、血脂等指标;采用ELISA和GC-MS等方法 ,分析大鼠血清炎症因子、血浆内毒素和肠道SCFAs水平的变化,分析苦瓜调节肥胖相关炎症的作用途径,结果表明:BMP可减缓大鼠体重增长速度,并显著降低大鼠的血糖、血脂、血清炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10)和血浆内毒素的水平(P0.05)。同时,BMP还能促进大鼠肠道产生乙酸、丙酸和丁酸,并在灌胃中期达到峰值,其含量分别达到87.76,5.34μmol/g和8.32μmol/g,基本与正常组持平。结论 :BMP可以抑制高脂饮食诱导大鼠体内TNF-α、IL-6、内毒素等水平的升高,具有缓解大鼠肥胖相关炎症的作用,这可能与改变大鼠肠道SCFAs含量相关。     

熊果酸对酒精诱导的大鼠小肠黏膜屏障损伤的保护作用

目的:研究熊果酸(UA)对酒精诱导的大鼠小肠黏膜屏障损伤的保护作用。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组,每日给予生理盐水灌胃;酒精模型组,每日给予体积分数50%酒精8 mL/(kg bw·d)灌胃2周,第3周开始以12 mL/(kg bw·d)灌胃;熊果酸组,每日给予150 mg/(kg bw·d)熊果酸,1 h后再灌酒精,剂量同酒精模型组;谷氨酰胺组,每日给予300 mg/(kg bw·d)谷氨酰胺,酒精灌胃同熊果酸组,试验持续8周。采用HE染色法观察大鼠小肠黏膜组织病理学变化;利用透射电镜观察小肠黏膜细胞超微结构的改变;检测了大鼠血浆D-乳酸(D-LA)、肠脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABP2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-1β(IL-1β)质量浓度的改变;测定了小肠组织中叉头框转录因子O4(FOXO4)、磷酸化叉头框转录因子O4(p-FOXO4)、和闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1)的表达水平。结果:酒精模型组小肠绒毛萎缩、变短,排列不整,紧密连接肿胀,有炎性细胞浸润。与酒精模型组相比,熊果酸组和谷氨酰胺组大鼠小肠黏膜病理变化有所改善;血浆D-LA、FABP2、TNF-α和IL-1β质量浓度明显降低;p-FOXO4表达量减少、ZO-1表达量升高;各组FOXO4表达水平无显著差异。结论:熊果酸可以改善酒精诱导的大鼠小肠黏膜屏障损伤,其作用机制可能与改善肠黏膜通透性,抑制FOXO4蛋白发生磷酸化,进而减少促炎因子TNF-α和IL-1β的释放有关。     

甘草苷对胃黏膜损伤的保护作用研究

目的：探讨甘草苷对胃黏膜损伤的保护作用。方法：从中药饮片甘草中提取分离出甘草苷，经鉴定为正品，纯度>90%。取32只SPF健康雄性SD大鼠，随机分为空白组、模型组、甘草苷组(20 mg/kg)和阳性对照组(奥美拉唑，10 mg/kg)，每组8只。每天早上灌胃给药，每日1次，连续7 d。除空白组之外，其他各组在第7天灌胃1 h之后，进行一次性负重力竭游泳运动。麻醉后处死所有大鼠，计算胃溃疡指数(UI)，经HE染色后用光学显微镜观察胃黏膜形态；采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测胃黏膜组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)等炎症因子水平，检测胃黏膜组织表皮生长因子(EGF)和前列腺素E2(PGE2)等保护因子含量。结果：和空白组比较，模型组大鼠UI值与胃黏膜组织TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平显著升高(P<0.01)，胃黏膜组织PGE2和EGF含量显著降低(P<0.01)，且胃黏膜组织病理改变明显。和模型组比较，甘草苷组大鼠UI值与胃黏膜组织TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平显著降低(P<0.01)，胃黏...     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press