Ti3B4表面修饰对Mg45Ti3V2Ni50合金电极循环稳定性的影响

用机械合金化法合成不同组成的Ti-B系列的复合物与Mg45Ti3V2Ni50储氢合金.探索Ti、B复合修饰对Mg45Ti3V2Ni50合金循环稳定性的影响,筛选出对Mg45Ti3V2Ni50合金电极综合修饰效果较好的Ti3B4.将Ti3B4以不同质量比对Mg45Ti3V2Ni50合金电极球磨修饰.结果表明:不同比例的修饰,对储氢合金电极循环稳定性的提高程度不同,持久性不同,Ti与B复合修饰提高镁基储氢合金的循环寿命存在一个最佳组成和最佳比例.     

CuxBy表面修饰对Mg50Ni50合金循环稳定性的影响

用机械合金化法合成了CuxBy合金和非晶态Mg50Ni50储氢合金.用同样的方法以CuxBy对非晶态Mg50Ni50合金进行表面修饰.探索了不同组成的CuxBy合金、同一组成不同比例(质量比,下同)的修饰对Mg50Ni50合金电极循环稳定性的影响.结果表明:不同组成的CuxBy合金对Mg50Ni50合金的表面修饰,都不同程度地提高了Mg50Ni50合金电极的循环稳定性.同一组成不同比例的修饰,对Mg50Ni50合金电极循环稳定性改性效果差异较大.当Mg50Ni50:Cu0..9B0.1=5:1时,初始放电容量为465 mAh·g-1,第50个循环放电容量为222 mAh·g-1.在保持高放电容量的前提下,有效地提高了非晶态Mg50Ni50合金电极的循环稳定性.     

表面修饰对AgSnO2触头材料组织性能的影响

研究了表面修饰对AgSnO2触头材料的组织和性能的影响。考察了分散剂聚乙二醇对纳米SnO2溶胶的表面修饰作用;分析了化学镀的工艺对纳米掺杂AgSnO2电触头材料性能的影响。结果表明：采用分散剂和化学镀对纳米SnO2表面进行修饰,减少了纳米SnO2的硬团聚,改善了Ag与SnO2之间的浸润性和相容性,使AgSnO2触头材料的电导率提高23％,抗拉强度提高66％,伸长率提高100％,解决了AgSnO2材料的机加工性能差的问题。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMnO_2的表面修饰及电化学性能

运用热处理技术分别制备B2O3、CuO和FePO4包覆的LiMnO2锂离子电池正极材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对材料的晶体结构和表观形貌进行分析,通过恒电流充放电以及电化学阻抗技术(EIS)分析其电化学性能。结果表明:包覆后材料的电化学阻抗与Warburge阻抗值有所增大,但包覆能有效抑制正极材料LiMnO2在电化学过程中锰的溶解,改善和提高材料的充放电循环性能和结构的稳定性。     

表面处理对铸铁材质热疲劳性能的影响

针对两种在热循环工况条件下工作的铸铁材质，试验、探索了表面处理（硅、铬共渗、氮化钛ＰＣＶＤ、化学镀镍）对其热疲劳性能的影响。结果表明，这些表面处理能不同程度地改善铸铁的热疲劳性能，其中尤以氮化钛ＰＣＶＤ最有效，化学镀镍次之，硅、铬共渗较差。     

醇热还原法制备纳米金属钌颗粒

报道了利用溶剂热工艺在乙醇溶液中制备胶态纳米金属钌颗粒的方法. 在120.℃热处理不同时间后, 观测到溶剂热还原反应形成不同颜色的中间体. 通过添加醋酸根稳定剂, 在乙醇溶剂中形成晶粒尺寸为3～6纳米的单分散金属钌颗粒. 通过该方法还合成了溴化十六烷基三甲铵(HTAB)包敷的晶粒尺寸为1～5纳米的金属钌粉体.     

WCp/钢基表面复合材料热疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展机理

为了对经受热疲劳的表面复合材料的设计提供理论依据,采用热震试验方法对通过真空实型铸渗(V-EPC)方法制备的WC/钢基表面复合材料的热疲劳性能进行了研究,重点讨论了表面复合材料热疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展的影响因素.结果表明,在本实验条件下Ni6025WC体积分数为15％时的热疲劳性能较5％时得到较大改善.表面复合材料的热疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展的影响因素有以下几个方面:WC颗粒本身微观质量和热导率、复合层与基材中主要元素以及WC颗粒的平均热膨胀系数、复合层中WC颗粒之间的间距、由热震而产生的界面交变循环应力等.通过改善以上影响因素可以提高复合材料的热疲劳性能.     

热铁盘法抛光CVD金刚石的微观表面研究

用原子力显微镜对热铁盘法抛光CVD金刚石达到Ra0.016 μm的表面进行观察.在微观表面重现的基础上,对不同方向的表面粗糙度进行探测.发现抛光后的金刚石表面的粗糙度呈现出一定的方向性,最大粗糙度和最小粗糙度方向,两个方向相互垂直.三维形貌图显示,金刚石表面存在较少数量的由点到凸峰,且较大凸峰的高度在50～60 nm之间,是较小凸峰高度的2～3倍.影响表面粗糙度值的因素不仅有表面凸峰的高度,还应考虑表面凸峰的数量和方向性.这种表面特征与抛光时采用的直压式运动方式有着直接联系.     

表面修饰层厚度对Fe:ZnSe纳米晶光学性能的影响

利用硫代乙醇酸作为稳定剂在水相中合成了Fe:ZnSe/ZnS核/壳结构半导体纳米晶,研究了表面修饰层(壳层)厚度对产物光学性能的影响。XRD和UV-Vis吸收谱表明,合成的半导体纳米晶为核壳纳米晶,呈立方闪锌矿结构。TEM结果表明,产物分散性较好,尺寸均一,呈球形。PL结果表明,适当厚度的ZnS壳层能有效钝化Fe:ZnSe纳米晶表面的非辐射复合位点,当壳层过厚时,ZnS壳层产生的非辐射复合缺陷会导致PL强度下降。     

纳米Au表面修饰ZnO的制备及其气敏性能

利用化学浴法制备了由六棱锥纳米分枝组成的多级分层花型结构的ZnO,并采用溶剂热法在所得ZnO材料表面均匀修饰Au纳米粒子。系统地研究了不同Au纳米粒子修饰量对ZnO气敏性能的影响。结果表明:Au纳米粒子的修饰能显著提高ZnO对丙酮气体的敏感性,当Au修饰量为10%(质量分数),工作温度为270℃时,ZnO表现出最佳灵敏度和选择性,是实际应用中良好的气体敏感候选材料。     

Ta有机溶剂热处理转变生成TaC的过程

Ta有机溶剂浸渍C/C复合材料经热处理后可制备TaC均匀分布的C/C-TaC复合材料,采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜技术研究了Ta有机溶剂热处理转变生成TaC的过程.研究表明:在热处理过程中,Ta有机溶剂先转变为氧氟化钽(TaO2F)和Ta2O5等中间相;在1 500℃热处理后,Ta全部转变为TaC.热力学计算表明,C还原Ta2O5生成TaC的温度为1 109℃,与1 200℃热处理后TaC的X射线衍射结果一致.     

Preparation of nanometer perovskite-type oxide La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 by organic solvent sol-gel method and capability testing

A perovskite-type oxide, La0.8Sr0.2MnO3, was synthesized by the organic solvent sol-gel method. The desired metal cations were chelated in a solution by using citric acid as the chelating agent and absolute ethanol as the solvent. The thermal decomposition of the metal carboxylate precursor gels was studied by thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyzer （TG/DTA） and the products derived from calcining the gels were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electronic microscope （TEM）. The polarization curves were acquired on an electrochemical workstation （LK98） and the discharge curves were acquired on a testing instrument of batteries （DC-5）, with a constant current discharge, less than 120 mA/cm^2. The results revealed that the nanometer perovskite-type powder with lesser particle size could be achieved with an organic solvent and had a better catalytic activity.     

Preparation of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 powders for cathode material in secondary battery by solid-state method

Employing Li2CO3, NiO, Co3O4, and MnCO3 powders as starting materials, Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 was synthesized by solid-state reaction method.Various grinding aids were applied during milling in order to optimize the synthesis process.After successive heat treatments at 650 and 950 ℃, the prepared powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.The powders prepared by adding salt (NaCl) as grinding aid exhibit a clear R3m layer structure.The powders by other grinding aids like heptane show some impurity peaks in the XRD pattern.The former powders show a uniform particle size distribution of less than 1 μm average size while the latter shows a wide distribution ranging from 1 to 10 μm.Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysiss show that the ratio of Ni, Co, and Mn content in the powder is approximately 1/3, 1/3, and 1/3, respecively.The EDX data indicate no incorporation of sodium or chlorine into the powders.Charge-discharge tests gave an initial discharge capacity of 160 mAh·g-1 for the powders with NaCl addition while 70 mAh·g-1 for the powders with heptane.     

液态铝阴极法制备铝钙中间合金

在CaCl2-CaF2体系中,以CaO为电解原料,采用液态铝阴极法生产铝钙中间合金。采用熔盐电解监控仪测量电解过程中的反电动势、槽电压、电流等工艺参数及电解波形图,通过电位控制法调节CaO的加料周期,同时根据所得合金产品中的钙含量(质量分数)探讨影响电流效率的因素。结果表明:反电动势随电流密度增加而增大,通过控制电位法测得加料周期为30 min;在740℃、电流为7 A的条件下,电解1 h可制取钙含量为11.6%的铝钙合金,电流效率可达67.3%。     

Washing effect on properties of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode material by ethanol solvent

Different LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂ cathode materials were washed by ethanol solvent. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), charge–discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to evaluate the elemental contents, structures, morphologies and electrochemical properties of samples. The results show that ethanol washing can remove effectively the synthetic residues LiOH/Li₂O on the freshly-prepared LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂ and make the sample much more resistant to H₂O and CO₂, without destroying its bulk structure, surface morphology and electrochemical performances. Moreover, the discharge specific capacity and cycle performance of LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂ after storage in air with a relative humidity of 80% for three months are improved by immediate ethanol washing.     

Precursor solution prepared by evaporation deamination complex method for solvent separation of Mo and W by H2O2-complexation

An novel method on preparation of precursor solution for solvent separation of molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-complexation from the ammonium tungstate solution containing high Mo was studied. The precursor solution was obtained via evaporation deamination and H₂O₂-complex transformation processes. Then it was extracted with a mixture extractant of tri-alkyl phosphine oxide (TRPO) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) to separate Mo and W. The results indicated that the evaporation deamination complex method reduced the acid consumption by more than 90% in comparison with the traditional directly acid regulation complex method. The transformation rates of W and Mo were higher than 95% and the decomposition rate of H₂O₂ was less than 15% at a 1.8-1.9 times H₂O₂ dosage, 45-50 °C, initial pH of 1.80-1.90, and transformation volume ratio of 100% for 60 min in the H₂O₂-complexation transformation process. The minimum extraction rate of W was 2%, the maximum extraction rate of Mo was 82.6% and the highest separation coefficient was 76.7 in a single-stage extraction.     

高容量钠离子电池正极材料P2型Na2/3Fe1/2Mn1/2O2的简便合成

通过简单的溶胶凝胶法合成P2型Na2/3Fe1/2Mn1/2O2正极材料并研究煅烧温度对材料结构、形貌和电化学性能的影响.结果表明,在900℃煅烧得到的产物是高结晶度的P2型Na2/3Fe1/2Mn1/2O2化合物且具有六角板状颗粒形貌,颗粒宽度为2～4μm,厚度为200～400 nm.样品以26 mA/g充放电时表现...     

MoO_3包覆对锂一次电池CuF_2正极材料性能的影响

通过球磨CuF_2和MoO_3的混合物,制成CuF_2/MoO_3复合材料.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学测试等研究CuF_2/MoO_3复合材料的结构和电化学性能.结果表明:MoO_3晶粒均匀地附着在CuF_2的表面,形成均匀的导电网,从而使制备的CuF_2/MoO_3复合材料具有高导电性,可作为锂一次电池正极活性材料.以0.1C倍率放电,截止电压为1.5 V,CuF_2/MoO_3复合材料放电比容量高达483mA·h/g,放电电位平台为2.5 V,明显高于CuF_2正极材料的278 mA·h/g,接近其理论容量528 mA·h/g.     

Preparation of Pt-based ternary catalyst as cathode material for proton exchange membrane fuel cell by solution route method

In this research, Pt-based ternary catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) have been successfully prepared by the solution route method. This type of catalyst was claimed to improve the activities of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The ternary catalyst was prepared using 10% platinum, 5% cobalt, and 5% chromium by weight support on untreated and treated carbons by reduction with NaBH₄ at room temperature. The FTIR spectra showed a new functional group as carboxyl group on treated carbon using H₂O₂. The XRD patterns for both carbon samples confirmed platinum and carbon phases in the products. The EDS spectra detected platinum, cobalt, chromium, oxygen and carbon atoms in the prepared catalysts. The XAS patterns revealed that the products were mixed Pt-CoO-Cr₂O₃ catalysts. The SEM and TEM images showed more dispersion of catalyst on the treated carbon support surface than on the untreated carbon support. Particles size were 3.97 nm for untreated carbon and 1.93 nm for treated carbon. Finally, the electrochemical property was tested by CV technique. It indicated that Pt-CoO-Cr₂O₃/C catalyst supported on treated carbon exhibited the highest performance among the prepared ternary alloy catalysts.     

高容量正极材料Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2的合成及电化学性能

以LiOH.H2O、Ni(OH)2和Mn3O4为原料,采用固相法合成锂离子电池正极材料Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所得样品的结构和形貌进行表征,并测试了该材料的倍率性能和高低温性能。结果表明:900℃下烧结10 h后可获得晶粒细小均匀的层状Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2材料,并具有良好的电化学性能,放电容量最高可达235.9 mA.h/g;在50℃下测试时该材料的放电容量高达284.4 mA.h/g,并表现出良好的循环性能,其倍率性能和低温性能还有待进一步改善。