铝酸镍和云母协效体系对PVC的阻燃研究

以硝酸铝提供铝源,硝酸镍提供镍源制备铝酸镍,将铝酸镍和云母协效后一起加入到PVC中制成PVC阻燃样品。采用X-射线衍射(XRD)来表征合成的铝酸镍样品。用极限氧指数、烟密度的等级来研究阻燃前后PVC样品的阻燃抑烟性能。当铝酸镍和云母的添加比例为9∶1时,试样的极限氧指数为28.4%,烟密度等级为77.74%,拉伸强度为18.17MPa,断裂伸长率为227%,此时的阻燃消烟性能和力学性能较好。     

铝酸钴和云母协效体系对PVC材料阻燃性能和力学性能的影响

研究了铝酸钴和云母协效体系对PVC材料阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。首先采用水热合成法制备出了高纯度铝酸钴,然后通过烟密度等级、极限氧指数和力学性能测试铝酸钴与云母协效后对PVC样品材料的阻燃抑烟性能的影响,最后采用热分析研究阻燃前后PVC样品的热降解行为。结果表明:(1)当铝酸钴和云母的用量比为1∶9时,PVC样品的极限氧指数为30. 5%,烟密度等级为71. 03%,拉伸强度为22. 10 MPa,断裂伸长率为282. 43%;(2)PVC样品经阻燃处理后热降解的温度降低,残炭量增加。     

聚丙烯/竹粉发泡复合材料的性能研究

通过注塑法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/竹粉发泡复合材料,研究了铝酸酯、竹粉和AC发泡剂用量对复合材料密度和物理力学性能的影响.结果表明:添加适量的铝酸酯可提高材料大部分的力学性能和加工流动性,其最佳用最为竹粉用量的1%.竹粉对材料有一定增强作用.随着竹粉用量增加,弯曲强度先增后降,断裂伸长率下降、维卡软化点增大、拉伸和冲击强度下降.AC发泡剂的最佳用量为0.5份,此时材料的密度为0.864 g/cm、比未发泡材料下降12.5%;比弯曲和比拉伸强度分别为50.74 MPa·g-1·cm3和26.99 MPa·g-1·cm3,仅比未发泡材料下降11%和1.9%;而比冲击强度为10.823 kJ·m-2g-1·cm3,增大5.6%.     

活性炭模板制备铝酸铁及其在软PVC中的阻燃应用

以硫酸铁和硫酸铝为原料,以磷酸处理过的活性炭为模板制备铝酸铁阻燃剂。并通过X射线衍射（XRD）和红外吸收光谱（FT-IR）对合成铝酸铁阻燃剂做了表征。用极限氧指数、烟密度测试其对PVC的阻燃消烟性,当铝酸铁阻燃剂的添加量为5%（质量分数）时,阻燃后软PVC的极限氧指数达到32.8%,烟密度等级为55.45%,拉伸强度为18.36 MPa,断裂伸长率为214%,并通过热重分析对阻燃前后PVC的热降解行为做了研究。结果表明：以活性炭为模板制备的铝酸铁阻燃剂对软质PVC具有较好的阻燃消烟性能。     

PBS/CaCO_3复合材料的制备与性能

采用熔融共混法制备了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)/碳酸钙(CaCO_3)复合材料,研究了偶联剂种类、PBS和CaCO_3质量配比及偶联剂用量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:铝酸酯偶联剂对复合材料性能的提升效果最明显;CaCO_3用量增加时,复合材料的拉伸强度和降解性能上升,断裂伸长率和冲击强度下降;铝酸酯用量对降解性能影响不大,但铝酸酯用量增加时,拉伸性能和冲击强度先上升后趋于平缓。当PBS和CaCO_3质量配比为7∶3、铝酸酯用量为1.5%时,复合材料的综合性能比较好,能够满足使用要求,同时与纯PBS相比,又能降低近30%的成本,使其推广应用更进一步。     

以泡沫镍为基底的镍铁类水滑石的制备及表征

文章在预处理的泡沫镍基底上,以NH_4F为生长调节剂,通过水热反应成功制备了生长在泡沫镍基底上的Ni~(2+)-Fe~(3+)LDHs材料,研究了NH_4F用量对所制备材料的影响,并对产物进行了XRD、SEM表征。研究结果表明,当Ni(NO_3)_2·6H_2O∶Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O∶H_2NCONH_2的物质的量之比为3∶1∶7,NH_4F浓度为0.2mol·L~(-1)时,在150℃水热处理48h的条件下可以制备出结晶性较好、较为规整的以泡沫镍为基底的Ni~(2+)-Fe~(3+)LDHs材料。     

水热法制备In_2O_3晶体及其形貌研究

以In(NO_3)_3·5H_2O原料,通过水热法一步制备了In_2O_3晶体。通过XRD、SEM等手段对所制备样品的物相、粒度和形貌进行了表征。研究结果表明,通过此方法所制备的样品为高纯相的In_2O_3晶体,并具有由纳米粒子堆积组装成的类球型形貌,粒径为200nm左右,大小均匀。在此基础上,研究了In(NO_3)_3·5H_2O用量对所制备样品形貌的影响。结果表明,增加In(NO_3)_3·5H_2O用量会使粒子堆积更加致密。此外,通过研究结果对In2O3类球体的形成机理进行了初步探讨。     

超细重质CaCO3填充改性LLDPE/mPE薄膜的研究

采用超细重质碳酸钙(CaCO3)对LLDPE/mPE(80/20)进行改性,加入5wt% CaCO3使薄膜的落镖冲击强度提高13.2%,断裂伸长率提高约5%,拉伸强度也略有提高;碳酸钙用量为30wt%时,薄膜的撕裂强度几乎不变,落镖冲击强度下降11.0%,纵向和横向拉伸强度降低24.7%和29.4%;碳酸钙用量进一步增加,力学性能迅速下降.研究发现,在实验范围内,碳酸钙还可以降低共混树脂熔融扭矩,改善加工条件,采用TGA、SEM等分别对改性体系的热稳定性、分散状况进行了研究.     

3D打印参数对聚乳酸试样拉伸性能的影响

研究了三维(3D)打印关键工艺参数(填充密度、打印层高、打印壁厚和打印温度)对聚乳酸(PLA)试样拉伸强度和断裂伸长率的影响。结果表明,随填充密度的增大,试样的拉伸强度及断裂伸长率均呈增大趋势,但当填充密度为100%时,试件结构由空间网状结构转变为实体结构,造成断裂伸长率下降;随着打印层高的增加,试样拉伸强度降低,但断裂伸长率增加;随打印壁厚的增加,试样的拉伸强度以及断裂伸长率均呈现增加的趋势,但当打印壁厚为1.6mm时,试件断面以实体结构为主,造成断裂伸长率下降;PLA材质打印材料在210~220℃范围内获得的试件拉伸性能最好。     

Bi_(1-x)La_xFeO_3粉体的水热法制备与表征

以Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O、Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O、La(NO_3)_3·6H_2O和KOH为原料,NH_3·H_2O为沉淀剂,采用水热法制备Bi_(1-x)La_xFeO_3粉体,借助XRD和SEM研究了掺杂对晶体结构和产物形貌的影响。结果表明:200℃和220℃保温4h的条件下成功制备出了掺杂La的Bi_(0.95)La_(0.05)FeO_3粉体;La掺杂量x=0-0.07时,Bi_(1-x)La_xFeO_3粉体晶粒由150 nm的球形逐渐变为1.6μm的立方体状。     

混合模板控制合成羟基锡酸锌包覆碳酸钙及其阻燃PVC研究

依据生物矿化原理,以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为模板,加入到乙二醇和水的混合溶液中制备了羟基锡酸锌包覆碳酸钙(ZHSCC-1),并将其和不添加SDBS/乙二醇模板制备的羟基锡酸锌包覆碳酸钙(ZHSCC-2)分别应用在聚氯乙烯（PVC）中进行对比研究,并通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析及差示扫描量热分析等方法对其性能进行了研究。结果表明,SDBS/乙二醇对碳酸钙形貌有调控作用,羟基锡酸锌对碳酸钙进行了较好的包覆,包覆产物粒径为5 μm的六方形薄片;在含量相同时,ZHSCC-1对PVC的阻燃消烟效果明显优于ZHSCC-2,且前者对PVC的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、冲击强度的有益影响均优于后者。     

Zn2SnO4的制备及其对软质聚氯乙烯的阻燃研究

以结晶四氯化锡和硝酸锌为原料,通过2步煅烧法制备锡酸锌(Zn2SnO4)阻燃剂;通过极限氧指数、烟密度等级和残炭量研究了Zn2SnO4对软质聚氯乙烯（PVC）的阻燃和消烟性能的影响,同时对力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,Zn2SnO4的用量为15份时,对软质PVC的阻燃消烟效果明显,其极限氧指数可达36.0 %、烟密度等级为86.2 %、残炭率为29.7 %、拉伸强度为25.47 MPa、断裂伸长率为168 %;利用热重分析、差热分析和扫描电子显微镜等方法对阻燃PVC进一步进行表征,结果表明Zn2SnO4的加入促使软质PVC的起始分解温度降低,残炭量增加,燃烧后剩炭结构致密,阻燃效果明显。     

Tin dioxide coated calcium carbonate as flame retardant for semirigid poly(vinyl chloride)

The flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties of semirigid PVC treated with calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), tin oxide (SnO₂), the mixture of CaCO₃/SnO₂ and SnO₂‐coated CaCO₃ have been studied through the limiting oxygen index, char yield, and smoke density rating (SDR) methods. The thermal degradation in air of the treated semirigid PVC was studied by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) from ambient temperature to 1073 K. The morphologies of the additives and the char formation were studied through SEM. The mechanical property was also studied. The results showed that the semirigid PVC treated with SnO₂‐coated CaCO₃ has a higher limiting oxygen index and char yield, lower SDR and MSDR, a more compact structure of char formation than the semirigid PVC without flame retardant and the semirigid PVC with the equivalent CaCO₃, or SnO₂, or the mixture of CaCO₃/SnO₂, a similar tensile property and greatly improved impact strength compared with that of the semirigid PVC without flame retardant. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 731–738, 2006     

纳米CaCO3对阻燃型软质聚氯乙烯的增韧增强作用

通过氧指数(LOI)、剩炭率、烟密度等级(SDR)、冲击强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率等参数的测定,研究了氢氧化物和金属配合物复合阻燃体系对软质PVC阻燃、消烟性能和力学性能的影响;通过冲击强度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率以及材料流变性能的测定对比研究了纳米级CaCO3和微米级CaCO3对阻燃型软质PVC的力学性能和加工性能的影响。结果表明:氢氧化物和金属配合物复合阻燃体系在提高软质PVC阻燃、消烟性能的同时会恶化材料的力学性能;纳米CaCO3能明显提高阻燃型软质PVC的冲击强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,对材料具有明显的增韧、增强作用,同时对材料的流变性能及阻燃、消烟性能影响不大。     

用埃洛石负载氨基磺酸胍制备阻燃丁腈橡胶

以天然埃洛石纳米管（HNTs）作为载体,通过在其管内负载阻燃剂氨基磺酸胍（GAS）得到功能填料HNTs-GAS,以制备低烟无卤阻燃丁腈橡胶（NBR）。采用热重分析计算得到HNTs与GAS的投料质量比为1/3时可达到质量分数6%的最佳负载率。添加122.3份（质量,下同）HNTs-GAS和5.7份GAS的阻燃NBR复合材料的极限氧指数为28.3%,垂直燃烧达到V-1等级,烟密度为105,具有较好的阻燃性。HNTs-GAS的加入能有效提高NBR的力学性能,与添加相同用量HNTs和GAS的NBR相比,添加HNTs-GAS后NBR复合材料的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和扯断伸长率分别提高了47.5%、36.8%和67.1%。     

模板法合成锡酸钴及其对PVC的阻燃应用

以活性炭为模板、五水四氯化锡和六水硝酸钴为原料,制备纯相的多孔锡酸钴（CoSnO3）阻燃剂,通过X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）对其结构、形貌进行表征,并将其应用于PVC的阻燃研究中。当CoSnO3的添加量为15份时,其极限氧指数（LOI）达到35.6％、烟密度等级（SDR）为75.2％、断裂伸长率为168.32%、拉伸强度为 22.50 MPa。通过热重分析（TGA）对阻燃前后PVC的热降解行为进行了初步探讨,研究发现： 经CoSnO3阻燃处理后,PVC样品的初始降解温度降低,高温时的剩炭量增加,表明CoSnO3对PVC材料具有较好的阻燃消烟性能。     

Effect of core–shell zinc hydroxystannate nanoparticle–organic macromolecule composite flame retardant prepared by masterbatch method on flame‐retardant behavior and mechanical properties of flexible poly(vinyl chloride)

Macromolecule flame retardant melamine‐dicyandiamide‐formaldehyde‐phosphoric acid (denoted as MDFP) was used as the shell material to synthesize zinc hydroxystannate@MDFP (denoted as ZHS@MDFP), a novel composite flame retardant with core–shell structure, via masterbatch method. The morphology and structure of ZHS@MDFP were analyzed by means of transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and thermal analysis. Moreover, the effect of ZHS@MDFP as a flame retardant on the flame‐retardant behavior and mechanical properties of flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (denoted as PVC) was investigated. It has been found that as‐synthesized ZHS@MDFP composite flame retardant has core–shell structure. Besides, as‐synthesized ZHS@MDFP as a core–shell flame retardant is superior to ZHS in increasing the limiting oxygen index and decreasing the smoke density rating of PVC, which is because the decomposition of MDFP shell as the blowing agent expands the char layer thereby improving the flame‐retarding capability of ZHS core. More importantly, ZHS@MDFP does not cause damage to the tensile strength and elongation at break of PVC matrix, which implies that the MDFP shell favors to improve the compatibility between ZHS and flexible PVC matrix. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1983–1989, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Flame‐retardant properties of magnesium hydroxystannate and strontium hydroxystannate coated calcium carbonate on soft poly(vinyl chloride)

The flame‐retardant and smoke‐suppressant properties of soft poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) treated with zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), magnesium hydroxystannate [MgSn(OH)₆], strontium hydroxystannate [SrSn(OH)₆], ZHS–MgSn(OH)₆, ZHS–SrSn(OH)₆, MgSn(OH)₆‐coated CaCO₃, SrSn(OH)₆‐coated CaCO₃, ZHS–MgSn(OH)₆‐coated CaCO₃, and ZHS–SrSn(OH)₆‐coated CaCO₃ were studied with the limited oxygen index, char yield, and smoke density rating methods; the mechanical properties were also studied. The results showed that, with the equivalent addition of the corresponding hydroxystannate, the soft PVC treated with hydroxystannate‐coated CaCO₃ had a higher limited oxygen index than the corresponding hydroxystannate, and the soft PVC treated with the agents containing magnesium had a higher limited oxygen index than the soft PVC treated with the agents containing strontium, except for ZHS–MgSn(OH)₆‐coated CaCO₃. The improvement in the char formation of the hydroxystannate‐coated CaCO₃ was better than that of the corresponding hydroxystannate in most cases, and the aforementioned agents reduced the smoke density rating, decreased the tensile strength, and increased the elongation and impact strength basically. Thermal analysis showed that the additives promoted the evolution of hydrogen chloride, early crosslinking, and rapid charring through the strong catalyzing effect of Lewis acids. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

水热法合成球状锡酸镧及其阻燃聚氯乙烯的研究

采用水热法,以锡酸钠和硝酸镧为原料,用氢氧化钠溶液调节pH分别为9、10和11,成功制备了不同粒径的类球状锡酸镧颗粒;对比研究了上述3种粒径尺寸的锡酸镧对聚氯乙烯（PVC）的阻燃和拉伸性能的影响,并采用对纯PVC 和综合性能最好的阻燃样品的残炭进行了分析。结果表明,pH=9时制备的锡酸镧阻燃PVC具有最好的阻燃和拉伸性能;当其添加量为5 g/100 g PVC时,阻燃PVC的极限氧指数为30.8 %,拉伸性能略高于纯PVC,燃烧后形成了带有封闭气孔的致密炭层。