焙烧温度对碳纳米管钴基费托合成催化剂性能的影响

通过浸渍法制备了不同焙烧温度的碳纳米管钴基费托合成催化剂[CAT(X),X=250、300、350、400、450、500],利用热重分析、氮气物理吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、氢气程序升温还原、扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线光电子能谱等考察了焙烧温度对催化剂热稳定性、结构、物相、还原度及费托合成反应性能的影响。结果表明:载体碳纳米管在500℃以下可以稳定存在;焙烧温度在250~500℃时,催化剂的比表面积在79.78~85.23 m2/g,孔容在0.60~0.68 m3/g,孔径在28.9~33.4 nm。其中,经350℃焙烧的催化剂CAT(350)比表面积为79.78 m2/g,孔容为0.67 m3/g,孔径为33.4 nm;在350℃焙烧后,催化剂表面钴主要有Co3O4和Co O两种存在形式,晶粒细小,尺寸分布窄。程序升温还原测试和费托合成反应性能评价结果显示,350℃焙烧的催化剂CAT(350)还原温度最低,一氧化碳转化率最高,为12.5%。     

辛醇与氨胺化反应催化剂Co/SiO2的制备与性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO₂负载的钴催化剂Co/SiO₂-t,并对催化剂进行SEM、XRD、XPS、H₂-TPR、BET等表征，以1-辛醇与氨的胺化为模型反应，研究焙烧温度对催化剂结构、性能的影响。结果表明，随着焙烧温度的升高，催化剂Co/SiO₂-t的比表面积呈现先增加后降低的趋势，平均孔径逐渐增大，Co结晶度逐渐升高，粒径尺寸逐渐增大，Co分散度与还原度逐渐降低。焙烧温度为550℃的催化剂比表面积最大、催化性能最佳。催化剂Co/SiO₂-550的Co平均粒径为13.22 nm,比表面积为288 m²/g,平均孔径为7.83 nm,还原度为83.75%,分散度为7.42%。催化剂Co/SiO₂-550的转化率为93.12%,对1-辛胺的选择性为71.34%。     

TiO_2纳米管负载Ni-Mo加氢脱硫催化剂的生产工艺研究

采用水热合成法制备TiO2纳米管粉体。经浸渍、Ni-Mo负载等工艺研究,生产一种具有适宜孔径、比表面积和催化性能的加氢脱硫催化剂。取得了相关工艺参数,为工业化生产提供基础数据。最终确定:当焙烧温度为350℃时,得到孔径为92.4 nm,比表面积为232.2 m2/g,孔容为0.85 m L/g,金属含量为Ni O≥2.2%,Mo O3≥19.3%的加氢脱硫催化剂TNM-2。     

CeO_2形貌对Pt基阳极催化剂性能的影响

采用水热合成法在不同温度(300、400和500℃)下制备了比表面积分别为174.72、120.15和101.13 m~2/g,孔径均在2~4 nm范围的帚状CeO_2。通过微波辅助乙二醇还原氯铂酸法制备了CeO_2修饰的石墨烯负载Pt(Pt-CeO_2/C)催化剂。探究不同焙烧温度制备的CeO_2对Pt-CeO_2/C催化剂微观结构及电催化性能的影响。结果表明:随帚状CeO_2焙烧温度的降低,催化剂的催化性能、稳定性及抗中毒能力随之增强。添加了帚状CeO_2的Pt-CeO_2/C催化剂的催化性能、稳定性和抗中毒能力优于传统的Pt/C。帚状CeO_2焙烧温度为300℃时,Pt-CeO_2/C催化剂的电催化性能最好,其电化学活性表面积为102.83 m~2/g,峰电流密度为757.17 A/g,1 100 s的稳态电流密度为108.17 A/g。     

还原条件对高温费托合成熔铁催化剂性能的影响

为了探索熔铁催化剂还原过程中物相变化及对高温费托反应性能的影响，采用SEM（扫描电子显微镜）、EDS（X射线能谱仪）、BET和原位XRD（X射线衍射）对催化剂进行了表征。并在类似工业条件（340℃、2.4MPa、H₂/CO比例为3.8）下，于固定床反应器上评价了费托反应性能。分析了不同升温过程、氢气分压、还原空速和还原时间对高温费托熔铁催化剂物相结构、晶粒尺寸、还原度等的影响。结果表明：起始升温速率影响显著，＞2.4℃/min时容易使催化剂局部温度过高进而还原速率过快，导致α-Fe晶粒快速长大并团聚。氢气分压影响还原度有转折点，＞70%时还原度变化趋势相同；对α-Fe晶粒尺寸的影响表现在低氢分压时更稳定，40h内40%H₂/Ar条件仅增加1nm。高还原空速（10000h^-1）使得还原催化剂表面孔道分布、孔径尺寸更均匀，还原效率及极限还原度更高；而低还原空速（1000~2000h^-1）则使得还原催化剂表/体相结构稳定，晶粒尺寸更稳定，费托合成反应活性高。还原时间在其他条件固定下有最佳值，420℃恒温还原到极限还原度后，α-Fe晶粒尺寸随还原时间延长继续缓慢增长。通过研究获得了适宜的还原条件为：还原升温速率0.4℃/min（200~350℃）~0.8℃/min（＜200℃），空速5000h^-1，还原时间＜30h。     

载体焙烧温度对Co/Al2O3催化剂F-T合成反应催化性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法,以不同温度焙烧的Al2O3为载体制备Co/Al₂O₃催化剂,通过N₂物理吸附、X射线衍射和程序升温还原等方法对催化剂进行表征,并在固定床反应器中评价催化剂的F-T合成反应性能。结果表明,低温焙烧可获得较大比表面积的Al₂O₃载体,有利于提高活性组分的分散度,但增强了钴与载体之间的相互作用,降低催化剂活性和选择性。高温焙烧的Al2O3载体有利于提高C⁺₅选择性,尤其是柴油组分的选择性。     

混合物相Co(OH)2/Co3O4催化剂的制备及其费托反应性能研究

在还原过程中,非负载型钴基催化剂堆积孔结构容易坍塌,从而使金属钴的比表面积大幅降低,活性中心暴露的数量减少。作者采用简单的水热法制备了Co(OH)₂/Co₃O₄混合物相的非负载型钴纳米颗粒催化剂,用于费托合成反应性能研究。结果表明:相比于单一物相的Co(OH)₂或Co₃O₄催化剂,混合物相的催化剂显示出更高的费托合成反应活性。XRD、TEM、BET、H2-TPR等表征方法揭示出Co(OH)₂与Co₃O₄具有不同的还原性质,两者紧密结合有利于催化剂在还原后维持更大的比表面积,进而有利于更多活性位点暴露,显著提高催化剂的反应活性。     

焙烧及还原温度对Ni-Mg甲烷化催化剂的影响

采用共沉淀-水热复合法制备Ni-Mg/Al2O3催化剂,考察焙烧和还原温度对其结构和甲烷化催化性能的影响,通过XRD,H2-TPR,TEM等表征,发现随焙烧温度升高,催化剂中NiAl2O4物相呈增多趋势,至900℃时,催化剂中镍物种完全以NiAl2O4形式存在,催化剂表面积从500℃焙烧的130m2/g降至900℃焙烧的34m2/g.针对600℃焙烧的催化剂,反应活性随还原温度升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势,其最佳还原温度为650℃,这主要是受Ni物种还原度、还原后Ni晶粒尺寸等多重因素影响.通过关联甲烷化性能与催化剂结构发现,NiO与载体之间相互作用适中,还原后表面能够形成较小的镍晶粒,催化剂具有较好的甲烷化活性和稳定性.     

焙烧温度对CuO/Co_3O_4-CeO_2催化剂CO优先氧化性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Cu O/Co3O4-Ce O2(Cu Co Ce10)催化剂,考察了在不同温度(250、300、350、400和450℃)焙烧后的样品在富氢气氛中对CO优先氧化反应的催化性能。应用BET、XRD、H2-TPR及XAFS技术详细表征了催化剂的结构与性能。结果表明,不同温度焙烧的催化剂中,铜物种均主要以Cu O相存在;350℃焙烧的Cu Co Ce10催化剂具有最大的比表面积和最好的氧化还原性能,在98~173℃的温度范围内能够将CO完全转化为CO2,呈现出最宽的CO优先氧化可操作温度窗口,以及良好的催化活性稳定性。     

不同硅铝比Co/ZSM-5催化剂对费托合成汽油馏分烃选择性的调控

以ZSM-5分子筛为载体,通过等体积浸渍法制备了Co/ZSM-5系列催化剂,用于费托合成反应一步法制汽油馏分烃(C_5~C_(11)烷烃)。考察了不同硅铝比(Si O_2/Al_2O_3=25,38,50,80和200)的ZSM-5分子筛对Co/ZSM-5催化剂费托合成汽油馏分选择性的影响。采用氮气物理吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、氢气程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)和氨气程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)等手段对载体和催化剂进行了表征,并在高压固定床反应器上对催化剂的费托合成催化性能进行了测试。结果表明,对比Co/ZSM-5(Si O_2/Al_2O_3=25,38,50和80)催化剂,Co/ZSM-5(Si O_2/Al_2O_3=200)催化剂表现出最高的汽油馏分烃类选择性,高达52.8%,这主要归功于Co/ZSM-5(Si O_2/Al_2O_3=200)催化剂上较小钴颗粒尺寸、较优的还原性能以及适量弱酸位的协同作用。分子筛的酸性为催化剂的加氢裂解转化提供活性位,促进重质烃产物发生裂解和异构等二次反应,较小的钴颗粒尺寸和较优的还原性能有利于提高C_5~+烃选择性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.