燃煤电厂的脱硫研究：硫氧化物的脱除原理及应用（I）

本文概述了燃煤电厂脱硫的主要方法,对煤脱硫及煤燃烧过程产生的硫氧化物的脱除技术进行了归纳总结,论述了脱除燃烧前、燃烧中、燃烧后硫的化合物的基本原理,分析了其应用的深度和广度。     

燃煤电厂的脱硫研究──硫氧化物的脱除原理及应用(Ⅰ)

本文概述了燃煤电厂脱硫的主要方法，对煤脱硫及煤燃烧过程产生的硫氧化物的脱除技术进行了归纳总结，论述了脱除燃烧前、燃烧中、燃烧后硫的化合物的基本原理，分析了其应用的深度和广度。     

碱性吸收剂脱除燃煤烟气中HCl的研究进展

氯是煤中的微量元素,在燃烧过程中以HCl气体的形式释放出来,对燃煤发电机组石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫设施造成不利影响。基于湿法脱硫吸收塔浆液中氯离子的物料平衡,本文提出了碱性吸收剂脱除燃煤烟气中HCl的技术思路,从碱性吸收剂种类、反应条件对脱除HCl的影响、HCl脱除机理方面对烟气脱氯技术进行了综述,指出了碱性吸收剂脱除燃煤烟气低浓度HCl的研究方向。     

甲醇生产中精脱硫工艺及脱硫剂的选择

评述了不同原料制取甲醇合成气时有机硫转化催化剂与硫吸收剂的合理搭配方式,给出了近年在国内甲醇生产厂实际使用时的脱硫效果和存在问题。当以重（渣）油或煤为原料部分氧化法制气时,在近室温下水解催化剂串接氧化锌脱硫剂可确保总硫脱除到0.01ppm以下,具有最佳节能和精脱硫效果。     

微波协同化学助剂强化脱除煤中硫

硫是煤中主要有害元素,煤炭利用过程中硫的排放是酸雨的重要成因,脱硫是煤炭洁净利用的研究热点之一。微波具有促进反应发生、加快反应速率的作用,微波协同化学助剂脱硫是煤炭脱硫的重要手段。本文通过微波辐照结合3种化学助剂研究煤中硫的脱除效果,利用正交试验考察微波辐照时间、化学助剂种类和煤种对脱硫效果的影响。结果表明,煤种对微波协同不同助剂的脱硫效率影响较大,所选3种煤样的最佳辐照时间各不相同;硝酸与微波联合的脱硫效果最好,其中贵州(GZ)煤在微波协同硝酸作用下,全硫脱除率可达71. 2%。形态硫测试分析表明煤样经脱硫后无机硫脱除效率较高,最高可达90. 5%,有机硫脱除效率在20%～40%。XRD谱图分析显示微波协同化学助剂脱硫后,煤中主要矿物和煤质结构没有明显变化,微波在脱除煤中硫分的同时可保持煤炭基质稳定。XPS谱图分析表明,煤样硫醚(醇)类有机硫脱除效果较好,脱除率可达49. 4%,亚砜类略低,脱除率为23%～28%,噻吩类有机硫脱除效果最差,脱除率在10%～20%。     

高温脱硫脱氮催化剂

<正> 以煤为燃料的发电技术,有粉煤燃烧、流化床燃烧和处于工业应用或开发阶段的煤气化联合循环发电技术等。但是,上述技术能否转入工业应用,以及评价这些技术的优劣,很大程度上取决于煤炭利用效率的提高和对 SO_X、NO_X 的脱除率。为了扩大煤的利用,减轻大气污染,实现同时脱除两段流化床燃烧和煤炭联合循环发电过程中生成的 SO_X、NO_X,对于干式脱硫脱氮催化剂进行开发研究。新开发的新型脱硫、脱氮催化剂,利用了两段流化脱硫床燃烧中悬浮段的还原气氛,不仅能脱除     

煤制甲醇项目原料气深度净化精脱硫工艺方案和催化剂选型研究

介绍了煤制甲醇项目合成气深度净化脱硫催化剂和CO_2原料气脱硫催化剂的应用情况,以神华宁煤100万t/a煤制甲醇装置为例,研究将合成气和CO_2原料气中硫脱除的工艺设计和催化剂选型。结果表明,CO_2原料气设置COS水解反应器,选用K、Na金属负载催化剂将CO_2中的COS转化为H_2S,合成气和CO_2原料气混合后再设置深度净化精脱硫反应器,选用ZnO型催化剂将硫脱除至5μg/m~3以下,满足甲醇合成催化剂要求的入口总硫控制在30μg/m~3以下的要求。     

燃煤脱硫

对于燃煤的装置或工厂,可有两种方法来降低排放到大气中的SO_2.其一为采用烟气脱硫装置来洗涤烟气中的SO_2;其二则在煤燃烧前脱除煤中的硫.虽然前者应用较广,但对后者也在不断进行研究.     

烟气脱硫技术与应用

目前，国内外应用的SO２的控制途径有３种：（１）燃烧前脱硫（如洗煤，微生物脱硫）；（２）燃烧中脱硫（工业型煤固硫、炉内喷钙）；（３）燃烧后脱硫，即烟气脱硫（FlueGasDesulfura－tion，简称FGD）。FGD是目前世界唯一大规模商业化应用的脱硫方式，是控制SO２污染和酸雨的主要技术手段。烟气脱硫技术主要利用各种碱性的吸收剂或吸附剂捕集烟气中的二氧化硫将之转化为较为稳定且易机械分离的硫化合物或单质硫，从而达到脱硫的目的。FGD的方法按吸收剂和脱硫产物含水量的多少可分为２类：（１）湿法，即采用液体吸收剂洗涤以除去…     

不同脱硫剂脱除煤中硫的研究

在不同的条件下,考察了不同脱硫剂对煤中全硫和各形态硫的脱硫效果.结果发现,次氯酸钠和双氧水等氧化类脱硫剂对煤中无机硫的脱除效果明显,而甲醇和N,N-二甲基乙醇胺等萃取类脱硫剂对煤中有机硫的脱除效果较好;此两类脱硫剂具有协同效应,配合使用可以增强煤中硫的脱除效果;另外,超声波和微波的辐照作用可以增强有机硫的脱除效率.     

高吸水性树脂性能分析的研究

本文提出了高吸水性树脂性能的测定方法。对不同测试方法以及高吸水性树脂的类型对性能测定的影响进行了研究,从而可进一步拓宽高吸水性树脂的应用范围。     

Characteristics of methane combustion over La–Cr–O catalysts

The catalytic activities of methane combustion of La–Cr–O catalysts prepared with and without polyacrylic acid as a template have been compared. The polymer-templated catalyst had a higher BET surface area, 12.3 m² g⁻¹, than that obtained from the conventional precipitation method, 2.9 m² g⁻¹. The results of XRD and SEM experiments suggested that the structural characteristics were almost similar. Surprisingly, the areal rate of methane combustion over the catalyst with a small surface area was ten times larger than that of the catalyst with a large surface area. However, the site time yields (STY) based on the oxygen adsorption capacity were similar, independent of the surface area and preparation conditions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

新型Pt/Al2O3苯加氢催化剂研制

在模拟苯加氢制环己烷工业装置建成的催化剂原粒度活性评价装置上，研究气相苯加氢制环己烷的Pt/Al₂O₃催化剂，主要考察催化剂制备方法、Al₂O₃载体物化性能和不同竞争吸附剂对催化剂性能的影响，提出了苯加氢制环己烷最佳的催化剂推荐工艺操作条件。与参比样对比表明，研制的Pt/Al₂O₃苯加氢催化剂性能达到参比催化剂的水平，催化剂侧压强度明显高于参比催化剂。     

Pd–Pt bimetallic catalyst supported on SAPO‐5 for catalytic combustion of diluted methane in the presence of water vapor

The examination of the combustion of a trace amount of methane over Pd‐ion‐exchanged silicoaluminophosphate‐5 (Pd‐SAPO‐5) at low temperature in the presence of water vapor reveals that water vapor strongly depresses methane combustion and causes a significant decrease in catalytic activity with time. The newly prepared bimetallic catalyst Pd–Pt‐SAPO‐5, on the other hand, shows higher performance for methane combustion under similar conditions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

催化剂对兖州煤泥燃烧特性的影响

为充分利用煤泥资源 ,在其中添加助燃催化剂 ,以期提高它的燃烧热效率 .对比研究了硝酸钾催化剂及 TF配方助燃催化剂对兖州煤泥着火温度、燃尽温度和放热面积的影响 .研究结果表明 ,添加催化剂后 ,煤泥着火温度降低 ,燃尽温度提前 ,且燃烧放热量增加 ;TF配方催化剂对煤泥催化燃烧的效果优于硝酸钾催化剂 .探讨了助燃催化剂对煤催化燃烧的作用机理 .     

Flameless combustion of hydrogen on the surface of a hydrophobized catalyst

The flameless combustion of hydrogen on the surface of a hydrophobized catalyst is investigated experimentally under various conditions. A quantitative interrelationship is discerned between the rate of catalytic oxidation of hydrogen and the catalyst surface temperature. It is shown that the presence of helium in the gas—air medium diminishes considerably the hydrogen oxidation rate by lowering the temperature of the catalytic surface by virtue of the high thermal conductivity of helium. An approximate mathematical model is proposed for the flameless combustion of hydrogen on the surface of a catalyst. It is shown that the insertion of catalytic rods in metal tubes of diameter 20 mm significantly enhances the performance of each element by the judicious direction of strong convection flows from the heated surface of the rod. All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Firefighting, Balashikha. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 37–43, September–October, 1995.     

A screening study on the activation energy of vanadate‐based catalysts for diesel soot combustion

The activation energy of carbon combustion catalysed by alkali vanadates or alkali vanadates/chlorides mixtures is assessed by the Ozawa method. The most active catalyst, Cs₄V₂O₇, entails more than 50% decrease of the activation energy compared to non‐catalytic combustion (from 157 down to 75 kJ/mol). The catalyst performance is enhanced when the catalyst is dissolved in a eutectic liquid (e.g., AgCl + CsCl), which likely improves the catalyst/carbon contact conditions. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Coke formation on an industrial reforming Pt–Sn/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst

The characterization of the coke deposited on an industrial Pt–Sn/γ‐Al₂O₃ catalyst, used in a continuous reforming process, was performed with AFM, XRD, FTIR, EPR, NMR, TG‐DTG and DTA techniques. Composition, structure and location of the coke on the catalyst were investigated. The coke was predominantly deposited on the catalyst surface and in the interstices between the catalyst particles. Its content increased along the reactor from top to bottom. Coke was deposited in the form of uniform films and clusters of three‐dimensional disks with diameters between 0.12 and 0.18 μm. It had a pseudo‐graphite structure produced by the dehydrogenation and polymerization of the aromatic precursor compounds. The coked catalyst showed a good combustion behavior; it was regenerated below 550°C. These results are important to elucidate the coke formation mechanism, to generate new continuous reforming catalysts, and to optimize the reactor operation parameters. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

COKE COMBUSTION AND REACTIVATION KINETICS OF A ZSM-5 ZEOLITE BASED CATALYST USED FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF METHANOL INTO HYDROCARBONS

The effect of the operating conditions and aging of a catalyst deactivated in the MTG process on its regeneration by coke combustion is studied. Due to the nature of the coke, an equilibration treatment (sweeping with N² at 550°C for 0.5 h) prior to its combustion must be carried out in order for this to be reproducible and independent of the operating conditions. The combustion kinetics has been studied by experiments in a differential scanning calorimeter and following the gaseous products (CO, CO² and H²O) by FTIR analysis. The kinetics of catalyst reactivation is determined by experiments in a fluidized bed reactor.