连续梯度不锈钢多孔材料烧结变形分析

采用模压成形工艺制备连续梯度不锈钢多孔材料。试验对所制备的不同厚度连续梯度不锈钢多孔试样的收缩率及微观形貌进行了分析。结果表明：通过烧结试样的几何轮廓证实连续梯度多孔试样烧结后发生变形——相邻梯度层烧结应力的不同造成圆柱状试样烧结后变成圆台状;烧结过程中连续梯度多孔试样相邻梯度层间力的作用能够促进粉末烧结,对试样的烧结收缩产生影响,并且,粉末粒度越小,这种影响越明显;选择合适的级配粉末以及梯度层间合理的粉末体积或质量搭配,通过不同梯度层间烧结应力的相互抑制作用,可以实现同步收缩烧结,有效解决连续梯度不锈钢多孔材料烧结过程中出现的变形、开裂问题。     

挤出凝胶无模成型法制备Al2O3/ZrO2梯度功能材料

提出了一种制备梯度功能材料的新方法--挤出凝胶无模成型工艺.采用该工艺制备了Al2O3/ZrO2梯度功能材料,并采用扫描电镜和能谱分析对梯度材料的微观结构和组分分布进行了研究.结果表明,采用挤出凝胶无模成型工艺制备的梯度功能材料具有预期的梯度式组成.     

等离子熔射制备梯度功能MOLB式SOFC及其复阻抗分析

采用一种融合功能梯度材料设计思想与快速原型制造等离子熔射与机器人数字化成形技术于一体的新方法,借助自主研发的梯度功能送粉系统,多层连续熔射快速制造立体结构MOLB(mono-block layer built)式固体氧化物燃料电池SOFC(solid oxide fuel cell)三合一电极PEN(positive electrolyte negative)部件.分析了PEN部件的成分、微观组织和阳极、阴极孔隙率的连续梯度变化规律,并利用复阻抗技术对其进行导电性能测试.结果表明,采用该方法能够获得含有成分、组织呈连续梯度变化的功能涂层的SOFC 核心部件PEN;与不含有梯度层的PEN相比,不仅提高电极与电解质间的匹配性,改善电极孔隙率及其分布;而且大幅度减小功能梯度PEN部件界面接触电阻,有助于提高SOFC的电性能.     

电磁分离制备原位梯度材料

电磁分离制备原位梯度材料是利用初生相与熔体的导电性差异,在熔体凝固过程中通过施加电磁场控制初生相颗粒有规律的运动,从而获得初生相颗粒梯度分布的原住梯度材料的新技术.通过对成分的调整和工艺参数的控制,利用该方法可获得单层和多层颗粒增强的良好梯度材料;该方法适用范围较广,可选择多种合金系;而且该方法制备梯度材料具有工艺简单、成本低、制备周期短等优点,对电磁分离制备原位梯度材料的技术特点、颗粒在熔体中的运动、初生相颗粒和组织分布规律及其适用范围进行了简要的介绍.     

熔体注气法与熔体发泡法制备泡沫铝的压缩性能研究

比较研究了熔体注气法与熔体发泡方法制备的闭孔泡沫铝性能和组织结构。压缩试验表明,相同密度下,熔体发泡法制备的泡沫铝性能优于熔体注气法。相应的SEM观察表明,熔体注气法制备的泡沫铝泡孔表现为多面体形状,SiC颗粒密度高,泡孔壁薄、褶皱多。冶金组织复杂,氧化明显,表现出明显的脆性。熔体发泡法制备的泡沫铝孔洞形状为球形,孔壁较厚,泡壁相对平整、结构完整。因孔洞结构和组织结构差异导致2种方法制备的泡沫铝材料压缩性能差异明显。     

增材制造技术制备梯度材料研究现状

梯度材料是一种新型复合材料,其组成成分、微观组织和性能在空间上呈梯度变化.增材制造所具有的离散-堆积工艺为梯度材料的制备提供了新的路径,与传统的梯度材料制备工艺相比,增材制造方法可以实现一个或多个方向上梯度材料的制备,同时具有制备复杂结构件的能力.梯度材料增材制造工艺主要包括激光增材制造、电子束增材制造和电弧增材制造,其中激光增材制造是目前研究最多且应用最广的工艺.路径规划对梯度材料成分梯度、质量和成形精度有重要的影响,已成为梯度材料增材制造研究的一个重要方向.综述了梯度材料增材制造方法、梯度微观组织,以及制造过程中路径规划的国内外研究现状,可以为梯度材料增材制造研究提供参考.     

超声滚压对45钢微观组织和力学性能的影响

目的 提高45钢的表面完整性,研究超声表面滚压加工(Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Processing,USRP)技术对45钢微观梯度结构和力学性能的影响.方法 通过USRP技术,在材料表层制备出微观梯度结构,并对试样梯度结构组织进行金相、SEM、EBSD、表面粗糙度以及显微硬度分析.最后,考虑...     

表面纳米化技术制备梯度纳米结构金属材料的研究进展

多数工程结构材料的失效都是从表面的薄弱环节开始发生或者传导,从而引起材料的性能下降,使用寿命缩短.受生物材料的梯度结构启发,近年来开发了多种表面纳米化技术,成功在工程材料表面制备了晶粒尺寸从表层纳米尺度连续变化到内部宏观尺度的梯度纳米结构,强化和保护了材料表面,有效地解决了上述问题.结合国内外表面纳米化的研究结果,综述了金属材料梯度纳米材料的研究进展.首先,介绍了梯度塑性变形、物理化学沉积等表面纳米化加工技术的最新进展.其次,对梯度等轴纳米晶、梯度纳米层片和梯度纳米孪晶等多种表面纳米化材料的微观结构进行了归纳,并对最新发展的梯度纳米结构材料表层晶粒的晶体学取向等微观信息表征方法进行了系统地阐述.随后,总结了梯度纳米结构对工程材料的表面强度、塑性、强-塑匹配、加工硬化、疲劳、耐磨、腐蚀和热稳定性等性能的影响.最后展望了表面纳米化技术制备梯度纳米结构金属材料的发展趋势及工程应用所面临的挑战.     

超声波焊接制备功能梯度材料

采用超声波焊接的方法成功制备了功能梯度材料,它具有简便、环保、快速成型的特点.实验以铝合金6061、3003、纯钛、钛合金Ti-6Al-4V和纯镍为材料,利用超声波焊接方法制备Al/Ti/Ni功能梯度材料.通过金相显微分析、显微硬度分析、EDS分析对其焊接界面的微观结构、显微硬度、焊缝原子扩散程度进行测试和表征.结果表...     

表面改质及强化技术

20084295等离子熔射制备梯度功能MOLB式SOFC及其复阻抗分析/杨云珍…//焊接学报.-2008,29(1):13~16采用一种融合功能梯度材料设计思想与快速原型制造等离子熔射与机器人数字化成形技术于一体的新方法,借助自主研发的梯度功能送粉系统,多层连续熔射快速制造立体结构MOLB(mono-blocklayer built)式固体氧化物燃料电池SOFC(solid oxidefuel cell)三合一电极PEN(positive electrolyte nega-tive)部件。分析了PEN部件的成分、微观组织和阳极、阴极孔隙率的连续梯度变化规律,并利用复阻抗技术对其进行导电性能测试。结果表明,采用该方法能够获得含有成分、组织呈连续梯度变化的功能涂层的SOFC核心部件PEN;与不含有梯度层的PEN相比,不仅提高电极与电解质间的匹配性,改善电极孔隙率及其分布;而且大幅度减小功能梯度PEN部件界面接触电阻,有助于提高SOFC的电性能。图5表1参1220084296等离子熔覆TiC/Ni超厚梯度熔覆层的组织与性能/曹明…//焊接学报.-2008,29(2):13~16利用等离子熔覆技术,选择适当的工艺参数...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。