How Perception Impacts on Drawings.

In 3 experiments the authors investigate how errors in perception produce errors in drawings. In Experiment 1, when Shepard stimuli were shown as a pair of tables, participants made severe errors in trying to adjust 1 part of the stimulus to match the other. When the table legs were removed, revealing a pair of parallelograms with minimal perspective cues, the illusion was weaker. The authors predicted that participants would err when drawing the table but not the parallelogram stimuli. The results of Experiment 2 support the prediction and establish a direct link between degree of perceptual distortion of the table stimuli and the severity of error in drawing. When drawing only the right-hand part of the figure, participants also erred to a greater degree in drawing the table than the parallelogram (Experiment 3). Collectively, the results suggest that perceptual distortion is linked with errors in drawing the table stimuli. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ivo Kohler (1915–1985).

Presents an obituary for Ivo Kohler, known for his study of human visual perception. In his most important work, which was reported in 1951, he described the results of a number of studies in which he and other subjects wore various types of glasses and goggles with prisms and/or colored lenses. Kohler will be remembered in a number of ways: for his outstanding contributions to the study of perceptual distortion and reorganization; for approaching perceptual problems from highly ingenious vantage points, including cybernetics and information theory; and, for his dedication to the development of novel electronic gadgetry. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Differences in the perception of an authority figure and a nonauthority figure by Navy recruits.

"As predicted from previous work in fearevoking objects and resistance to perceptual distortion, Navy recruits viewing persons through aniseikonic lenses showed higher distortion thresholds when viewing an authority figure than when viewing a nonauthority figure." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Resistance of high-anxious subjects under ego threat to perception of figural distortion.

40 college students were selected as high and 40 as low in anxiety (IPAT Anxiety Scale). Ss judged the horizontal plane while viewing a specially designed room (Leaf Room) through aniseikonic lenses. Groups of Ss were subdivided and provided either task or threat orientation to the perceptual procedure. High-anxious in comparison with low-anxious Ss required more time to recognize the perceptual distortion produced by aniseikonic lenses, and they estimated a smaller degree of distortion. Thus high anxiety appeared to retard ability to shift from familiar to unfamiliar but veridical percepts. The effects of ego threat were less clear but seemed to relate to certain inverse reaction tendencies present among high anxious Ss. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Influence of FCA Welding Process Parameters on Distortion of 409M Stainless Steel for Rail Coach Building

The influence of flux cored arc welding (FCAW) process parameters such as welding current, travel speed, voltage and CO2 shielding gas flow rate on bowing distortion of 409M ferritic stainless steel sheets of 2 mm in thickness was discussed. The bowing distortions of the welded plates were measured using a simple device called profile tracer. An experimental regression equation was developed to predict the bowing distortion and with this equation, it is easy to select optimized process parameters to achieve minimum bowing distortion. It is revealed that the FCAW process parameters have significant influence on bead profile and the bowing distortion.     

Personality assessment across selection and development contexts: Insights into response distortion.

Insight into applicant intentional distortion on personality measures was obtained by comparing individual responses provided in an organizational context with high motivation to distort (selection) and those provided in an organizational context with low motivation to distort (development). An assessment firm database containing responses to the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) was searched for within-subject data. Seven hundred and thirteen individuals were identified as having completed the CPI twice: once for selection purposes and once for development purposes or twice for the same purpose. Scale-score analyses both within and across contexts revealed a limited degree of response distortion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

环境岩土工程中的变形观测理论与方法述评

环境岩土工程学作为一门新兴学科，其发展与变形观测的理论及方法密切相联。针对环境岩土工程体中的变形观测问题，就变形观测的仪器、变形观测网的基本特点、变形观测数据处理、变形分析的理论与方法及其发展趋势作简单介绍。     

Make-Believe Memories.

Research on memory distortion has shown that postevent suggestion can contaminate what a person remembers. Moreover, suggestion can lead to false memories being injected outright into the minds of people. These findings have implications for police investigation, clinical practice, and other settings in which memory reports are solicited. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

会计信息失真及防治措施

近年来，企业存在大量会计信息失真现象，具体表现为原始凭证失真、会计核算失真、会计报表失真等。究其原因，涉及到会计行为主体、会计监督、会计环境等诸多方面。应从规范会计信息的过程、加强会计法制化建设、提高会计人员素质、健全会计信息的监督体系等方面入手，防范与治理会计信息失真，以适应社会主义市场经济对会计工作的新要求。     

纯铝变形组织性能影响因素探究

纯铝性能特殊,资源丰富,用途广泛。长期以来材料科学工作者对纯铝在熔铸、轧制、热处理等方面组织形态做了大量研究,以其指导实际生产。本文综述了各种因素对纯铝变形后组织的影响,多方面探讨了获得最佳变形组织的生产加工手段和处理方法。     

Anisotropic Distortion of Tool Steels D2 and M3 during Gas Quenching and Tempering

Heat treatment of forged high alloyed tool steels produces anisotropic dimensional change. In the present work, the distortion behaviour of tool steels D2 and M3 during gas quenching and tempering was investigated. The influences of material manufacturing processes including casting, forging and powder metallurgy on anisotropic distortion were investigated. Rectangular samples were quenched in a vacuum furnace with high pressure gas cooling. The sample distortion was measured by a coordinate measuring machine. By means of dilatometry and metallography, the possible mechanism of anisotropic distortion was investigated. Experimental results showed that the distortion of cast and powder metallurgical steels was nearly isotropic because of an isotropic carbide arrangement, but the distortion of ingot cast and forged steels was apparently anisotropic during gas quenching and tempering. The carbide bands are the main cause of anisotropic distortion in the investigated steels. Dilatometric experiments showed that phase transformation plays an important role in the mechanism of anisotropic distortion. First simulations of the dimensional change during quenching indicated that transformation induced plasticity is the main mechanism by which anisotropic distortion occurs in this type of steels.     

The goal of consistency as a cause of information distortion.

Why, during a decision between new alternatives, do people bias their evaluations of information to support a tentatively preferred option? The authors test the following 3 decision process goals as the potential drivers of such distortion of information: (a) to reduce the effort of evaluating new information, (b) to increase the separation between alternatives, and (c) to achieve consistency between old and new units of information. Two methods, the nonconscious priming of each goal and assessing the ambient activation levels of multiple goals, reveal that the goal of consistency drives information distortion. Results suggest the potential value of combining these methods in studying the dynamics of multiple, simultaneously active goals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A shape-contrast effect for briefly presented stimuli

When a suprathreshold visual stimulus is flashed for 60-300 ms and masked, though it is no longer visibly degraded, the perceived shape is vulnerable to distortion effects, especially when a 2nd shape is present. Specifically, when preceded by a flashed line, a briefly flashed circle appears to be an ellipse elongated perpendicular to the line. Given an appropriate stimulus onset asynchrony, this distortion is perceived when the 2 stimuli (approximately 4 degrees) are presented as far as 12 degrees apart but is not due to perception of apparent motion between the 2 stimuli. Additional pairs of shapes defined by taper and overall curvature also revealed similar nonlocal shape distortion effects. The test shapes always appeared to be more dissimilar to the priming shapes, a distortion termed a shape-contrast effect. Its properties are consistent with the response characteristics of the shape-tuned neurons in the inferotemporal cortex and may reveal the underlying dimensions of early shape encoding.     

Fifty years of memory of college grades: Accuracy and distortions.

One to 54 years after graduating, 276 alumni correctly recalled 3,025 of 3,967 college grades. Omission errors increased with the retention interval, and better students made fewer errors. Accuracy of recall increased with confidence in recall. Eighty-one percent of commission errors inflated the actual grade. Distortions occur soon after graduation, remain constant during the retention interval, and are greater for better students and for courses students enjoyed most. Confidence in recall is unrelated to distortion. Courses that were not freely recalled, but had to be cued, were recalled less accurately and with less distortion. The data support a supplementary theory of memory distortion. The theory assumes that forgetting and distorting memory content are relatively independent processes, that relevant generic memories are used to fill in gaps after episodic memory fails, that systematic distortions affect autobiographical content that is emotionally and motivationally valenced, and that most individuals supplement with content that is emotionally more gratifying than the veridical content. The data conflict with dynamic displacement theories according to which screen memories actively block access to unpleasant veridical content. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

电解槽运行过程中铝水平测量失真的原因分析

针对铝电解生产中铝水平测量出现的失真现象,发现在电解槽运行过程中,阴极的相对高度会发生变化,这种变化造成测量电解槽铝水平时会出现较大偏差,误导技术人员对电解槽产铝量的评估,影响对电解槽热平衡的控制.本文探究了铝水平测量失真的本质原因,以修正不同槽龄的电解槽对应的铝水平,为生产提供可靠的数据,保障生产平稳进行.     

对会计信息失真问题的思考

如何遏制会计信息失真,确保会计信息的真实可靠,是财会界乃至政府及社会公众都十分关注的问题．本文从会计理论和会计实践两方面出发,结合我国实际情况,分析了会计信息失真的原因,提出了根治会计信息失真的新思路与新对策．     

Understanding Pretrial Publicity: Predecisional Distortion of Evidence by Mock Jurors.

Prejudicial pretrial publicity (PTP) constitutes a serious source of juror bias. The current study examined differences in predecisional distortion for mock jurors exposed to negative PTP (N-PTP) versus nonexposed control participants. According to work by K. A. Carlson and J. E. Russo (2001), predecisional distortion occurs when jurors bias new evidence in favor of their current leading party (prosecution or defense) rather than evaluating this information for its actual probative properties. Jury-eligible university students (N=116) acted as jurors in a mock trial. Elevated rates of guilty verdicts were observed in the N-PTP condition. Predecisional distortion scores were significantly higher in the N-PTP condition and reflected a proprosecution bias. The effect of prejudicial PTP on verdict outcomes was mediated by predecisional distortion in the evaluation of testimony. Results are discussed in relation to motivated decision making and confirmation biases. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

会计信息失真的表现、危害及对策

指出了企业信息失真的种种表现,客观地剖析了会计信息失真的巨大危害,提出了解决这一问题的对策与措施。     

扇形段更换导轨制造工艺探讨

通过对扇形更换道轨制造工艺难点及安装试用过程中的故障进行分析．针对制作难点分别采取了工装法、焊接顺序控制法、焊接应力的反变形控制法和外力矫正法等，并确定了合理的退火工艺，有效控制了焊接变形，满足了设计要求。     

西汉柿圆墓壁画的变形分析

在对西汉柿圆墓壁画材料以及环境综合分析基础上,采用有限元分析方法,对西汉早期壁画的弯曲变形进行了研究,计算出壁画弯曲变形的最大位移量,分析了壁画弯曲变形的主要原因,揭示了壁画的破坏与保存和陈列环境的直接关系,对壁画的保护和材料选择提供了理论依据.