污水处理提质增效策略研究

经过多年努力,目前我国城镇污水处理能力基本满足排放处理需求,已逐步进入污水处理提质增效的关键时期。为系统推进污水处理提质增效工作,住建部等部委印发了污水处理提质增效三年行动方案,明确了行动目标、主要任务、工作措施等。本文通过研究城镇污水收集处理系统存在的问题,提出近远期解决思路,重点以"挤外水"为目标,近期开展"清污分流",远期实施"源头治理",持续改造优化污水收集处理系统,实现污水不入河、清水不进管。     

460kt/a煤制烯烃装置污水处理及中水回用技改总结

介绍460 kt/a煤制烯烃装置原始开车以来污水处理系统的改造和运行情况,对全厂的各类污水水质进行了对比分析,通过采取新增污水处理装置、新增隔油池、变换汽提废水回用、A/O水池降温和二级RO中水回用至一次水系统等技术改造,解决了污水处理和中水回用的问题,实现了装置生产废水的"零排放"。     

重油制气污水处理系统(A/O)技术改造

介绍了广州市油制气厂重油制气污水处理系统的完善过程。污水处理系统的深度改造,引入了生物强化技术;改变了传统A/O工艺中缺氧池自下而上的进水方式为自上而下;利用了新型填料取代常用的塑料软性和半软性填料。通过改造污水处理能力明显增强。     

海上平台生活污水处理系统工艺改造实践

介绍了某海上平台生活污水处理系统工艺改造实践,对改造后的生活污水处理系统应用效果进行了评价。结果表明:出水水质稳定达到IMO.MEPC159(55)国际防止船舶造成海洋污染公约中的污水排放标准,系统运行稳定,耐负荷冲击。     

浅谈污水处理系统在长青号改造中的实践

长青号FPSO(Floating Production Storage & Offloading)污水处理系统通过优化总体布置,改进工艺流程,增、减处理设备和提升设备功能等一系列改造措施,利用有限空间提升污水处理系统工艺等级和处理能力,并达到生产污水零排放和降低能耗的目标。本文将依据改造前后相关数据的比对分析,浅谈污水处理系统在长青号FPSO改造中的成效,为今后同类型改造提供实践例证。     

高效茵群+BAF生物曝气滤池工艺在化肥厂高浓度氨氮废水处理中的应用研究

某炼化分公司化肥厂现有污水处理系统不能满足其排放废水的处理要求,经现场调查和试验,本项目拟采用"微生物反应池+BAF生物曝气滤池"为主体工艺、通过投加"倍加清"专性菌对该厂废水进行处理.研究表明,改造后污水处理系统处理废水能达到回用水标准,且运行成本低,有利于今后推广应用.     

浅谈污水处理系统在长青号改造中的实践

长青号FPSO(Floating Production Storage& Offloading)污水处理系统通过优化总体布置,改进工艺流程,增、减处理设备和提升设备功能等一系列改造措施,利用有限空间提升污水处理系统工艺等级和处理能力,并达到生产污水零排放和降低能耗的目标.本文将依据改造前后相关数据的比对分析,浅谈污水处理系统在长青号FPSO改造中的成效,为今后同类型改造提供实践例证.     

污水处理系统提标提质后调试总结

为提高污水处理装置处理水量和处理效率,对污水处理系统进行改造.改造前系统采用2套并联运行的缺氧法和好氧法(A/O法)装置,改造后系统采用2套A/O法装置串联运行,大大提高了系统的处理效率,使出水COD、氨氮质量浓度、总氮含量指标达标.     

东三污改造及污水处理工艺的实际应用

结合孤东采油厂油气集输大队三号联合站污水处理系统的整体改造，简单阐述了油田采出水处理的常规工艺及新工艺的应用，用东三污改造前后的数据对比分析处理工艺对于东三联污水处理指标的影响。     

祥光铜业废酸污水处理系统运行实践

介绍了阳谷祥光铜业有限公司废酸污水处理系统的工艺流程及生产运行情况。该废酸污水处理系统采用硫化—石膏—中和工艺流程。针对生产中出现的问题,技术人员进行了相应的工艺改进和优化操作。改造后,废酸污水处理系统运行平稳,各项工艺指标均达到或优于设计要求,处理后的污水达标排放。     

硅烷处理N2O氧化苯生产苯酚催化剂抑制结碳失活研究

The main cause to the deactivation of ZSM-5 catalyst, used for oxidation of benzene to phenol (BTOP) by nitrous oxide, is that the carbon deposition on the catalyst surface blocks the mouth of pores of the catalyst.In the experiments, ZSM-5 catalyst was modified by chemical surface deposition of silicon, and then the effect of modification condition on the catalyst activation was studied. The catalyst samples were characterized by XRF,EPS, XRD, TEM, N2 adsorption at low temperature, pyridine adsorption-infrared technique and etc. All the above results show that the uniform SiO2 membrane can be formed on ZSM-5 crystal surface. The SiO2 membrane covers the acid centers on ZSM-5 surface to inhibit surface coking, to avoid or decrease the possibility of ZSM-5 pore blockage so that the catalyst activity and stability can be improved efficiently. The optimum siliconiting conditions determined by the experiments are as follows: 4% load of silanizing agent, volume (ml)/mass (g) ratio of hexane/ZSM-5=15/1, and 16 h of modification time. Compared with the samples without siliconiting treatment,the samples treated under the above optimum condition can increase the productivity of phenol by 14% for 3 h reaction time and by 41% for 6 h reaction time respectively.     

基于魏格纳分布的鼓泡流化床中结焦早期诊断

An experimental verification is reported on the early predicting index of agglomeration in bubbling fluidized bed. Coarse quartz sand, which has the same density but larger diameter than the bed material, was used to simulate the initial agglomerated particle. Wigner distribution was used to analyze the pressure fuctuation of the tested bed, and the average amplitude of local domain frequency （LDF） and local peak weighted average frequency （LPWA） under different operating conditions were measured and compared. The results showed that the LDF is sensitive to the agglomeration phenomena and had quick response to the incipient agglomeration in fluidized beds. It can be concluded from the results that these two parameters could be taken as the characteristic indexes to the agglomeration in fuidized beds.     

用NRTL方程推算高压汽液平衡并同时描述过量焓

The non-random two liquids （NRTL） equation together with the Pitzer/Curl Virial equation of state are used to investigate the simultaneous representation of excess enthalpies （h^E） and vapour-liquid equilibria （VLE） and the VLE prediction from h^E data. The calculation strategy for properly determining NRTL parameters and the effect of their temperature dependence on the simultaneous correlation of h^E and VLE data and the VLE extrapolation are analysed in detail.     

颗粒尾涡增强湍流的大涡模拟以及气固两相流中湍流变动的数值模拟

The turbulence enhancement by particle wake effect is studied by large eddy simulation （LES） of turbulent gas flows passing a single particle. The predicted time-averaged and root-mean-square fluctuation velocities behind the particle are in agreement with the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes modeling results and experimental results. A semi-empirical turbulence enhancement model is proposed by the present-authors based on the LES resuits. This model is incorporated into the second-order moment two-phase turbulence model for simulating vertical gas-particle pipe flows and horizontal gas-particle channel flows. The simulation results show that compared with the model not accounting for the particle wake effect, the present model gives simulation results for the gas turbulence modulation in much better agreement with the experimental results.     

废轮胎热解炭黑的表面修饰及其在平版印刷油墨中的应用

Pyrolysis has the potential of transforming waste into valuable products. Pyrolytic carbon black （PCB） is one of the most important products resulting from the pyrolysis of used tires. One of the most significant applications of modified pyrolytic carbon black is its use as pigment for offset printing ink to obtain high added values. Inverse gas chromatography （IGC） results show that a large quantity of inorganic matters and carbonaceous deposit are removed by treating the pyrolytic carbon black with nitric acid solution. Plenty of active sites originally occupied by inorganic ash and coke are recovered. The surface energy of pyrolytic carbon black （TWPC） modified by titanate-coupling agent-especially the specific interaction γs^SP determined by the specific probe molecule, toluene-shows the strong interaction between the TWPC and the synthetic resins. The offset printing ink performance confirms the IGC prediction. And TWPC has the great potential of applications in printing ink industry as pigment.     

胞外高分子物质对基质在复合生物膜内传质速率影响的测定

A model, for evaluating the effect of porosity and volume fraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) within multispecies biofilms on the effective diffusivity, is developed and experimentally validated, based on the extraction of EPS from intact biofilms. The amount of EPS in biofilms significantly affects the effective diffusivity. For biofilms with porosity of 77%—95% in the top layers and 54%—58% in the bottom layers, the value of De/Dw decreases from 0.52—0.83 in the top layers to 0.23—0.31 in the bottom layers. Generally, the effective diffusivity in the heterotrophic/autotrophic biofilms is slightly lower than that in the heterotrophic biofilms, due to the lower porosity in the heterotrophic/autotrophic biofilms.     

燃烧法制备二氧化钛催化剂的条件对其可见光催化性能的影响

Titania catalysts were synthesized by a solution combustion method （SCM）. Photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol （4-CP） using the synthesized catalysts was studied under both visible light （λ≥420nm） and sunlight irradiation. The effect of preparation conditions on photocatalytic activities of the synthesized catalysts was investigated. The optimal photocatalytic activity of the catalyst （denoted as A1 ） was obtained under the following synthesis conditions： ignition temperature of 350~C, fuel ratio （ φ） of 1 and calcination time of lh. The degradation and mineralization ratio of 4-CP were 78.2% and 53.7% respectively under visible light irradiation for 3h using catalyst A1. And the catalyst A1 also showed high photocatalytic activity under sunlight irradiation.     

一种用于计算机辅助产物设计中基于BP-NN优化问题的求解方法

Because of the powerful mapping ability, back propagation neural network (BP-NN) has been employed in computer-aided product design (CAPD) to establish the property prediction model. The backward problem in CAPD is to search for the appropriate structure or composition of the product with desired property, which is an optimization problem. In this paper, a global optimization method of using the a BB algorithm to solve the backward problem is presented. In particular, a convex lower bounding function is constructed for the objective function formulated with BP-NN model, and the calculation of the key parameter a is implemented by recurring to the interval Hessian matrix of the objective function. Two case studies involving the design of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) inhibitors and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) nano composites are investigated using the proposed method.     

高温高压下湿空气循环中增湿塔的计算研究

Humidification is an important step in humid air turbine system. The calculation on humidification is carried out at 423.15—573.15K, 5—15MPa. The results suggest that to produce high-enthalpy moist air, high water temperature and large water flow are needed. The water temperature is the most sensitive parameter to the humidification tower. And it is better for the humidification tower to work at temperature higher than 523 K when the system pressure is higher than 5 MPa. The comparison between the model used in this paper and ideal model shows that the ideal model can be used in simulation to simply the calculation when the temperature is lower than 473 K and pressure is lower than 5 MPa.     

超临界二氧化碳渗透聚丙烯成核剂的初步研究

Impregnation of isotactic polypropylene （iPP） with nucleating agent （NA21） using supercritical carbon dioxide as the swelling agent at different temperature and pressure and its non-isothermal crystallization kinetics were investigated. The results showed that NA21 was dispersed at a nanometer-scale in the PP matrix, resulting in the formation of different types .of crystal phases of iPP and the enhancement of its mechanical properties.