温湿度对缓冲材料静态特性的影响

通过静态压缩试验所得的数据,分析了温度、湿度、密度对聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料、聚乙烯泡沫塑料、聚氨酯泡沫塑料等常用的缓冲包装材料的应力-应变曲线、缓冲系数-最大应力曲线和静压残余应变等静态特性的影响。     

可降解缓冲包装材料的现状及发展前景

分析了目前常用的泡沫塑料、瓦楞纸板、蜂窝纸板、纸浆模塑等缓冲包装材料现状与应用前景,重点论述了以植物秸秆为原料的缓冲包装材料良好的可降解性,指出这种“绿色”缓冲包装材料,有较广阔的发展前景,可变废为宝,实现农副产品的增值。     

植物纤维多孔缓冲包装材料的研究现状与展望

目的综述植物纤维多孔缓冲包装材料的研究现状,指出已有植物纤维缓冲包装材料研究中存在的问题,并对其研究趋势进行展望。方法通过对国内外有关植物纤维缓冲包装材料研究文献的梳理,将已有研究从原料及组分、发泡方法和成型工艺等3个方面进行分类,并对研究现状进行分析评价。结论植物纤维多孔缓冲包装材料的应用对自然资源的有效利用和减轻泡沫塑料对环境的压力均具有重要意义,通过解决现阶段存在的发泡机理等问题,为植物纤维缓冲包装材料的进一步研究提供参考。     

新型包装材料“瓦中瓦”缓冲特性研究

增强夹心瓦楞纸板("瓦中瓦")是一种新型包装材料.对6种"瓦中瓦"进行了静态压缩试验,分析其静态缓冲特性,并用性能最好的一种"瓦中瓦"与聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料对电脑主机作缓冲包装,进行振动冲击的对比试验,探索其代替聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的可能性.结果表明,"瓦中瓦"是大型家用电器、机电设备等较为理想的环保包装材料和包装容器.     

可降解缓冲包装材料的现状及发展

简述了可降解泡沫塑料、瓦楞纸板、蜂窝纸板、纸浆模、和植物桔杆等几种常见可降解缓冲包装材料的应用现状及其发展。     

瓦楞纸箱设计的防震技术

所谓防震包装就是指为减缓内装物受到冲击和振动,保护其免受损坏所采取的一定防护措施的包装。 常见的缓冲包装材料有泡沫塑料、蜂窝纸板、纸浆模塑、瓦楞纸板、纸质类、气垫类和植物纤维类包装缓冲材料。很多国家和地区对环境保护做出的规定促使了绿色缓冲包装的进一步的开发,出现了很多绿色包装材料,如：碎纸、皱纹纸、瓦楞纸板、纸浆模塑、可降解塑料、蜂窝纸板等等。     

瓦楞纸箱设计的防震技术

所谓防震包装就是指为减缓内装物受到冲击和振动,保护其免受损坏所采取的一定防护措施的包装。常见的缓冲包装材料有泡沫塑料、蜂窝纸板、纸浆模塑、瓦楞纸板、纸质类、气垫类和植物纤维类包装缓冲材料。很多国家和地区对环境保护做出的规定,促使了绿色缓冲包装的进一步的开发,出现了很多绿色包装材料,如：碎纸、皱纹纸、瓦楞纸板、纸浆模塑、可降解塑料、蜂窝纸板等等。     

可代替泡沫塑料的纸质包装材料

英国一家公司生产了一种符合环保要求的纸质包装材料 ,可以代替常用的泡沫塑料包装材料。这种称为“弗列特拉”的包装材料是一种纸卷 ,上面有许多小裂口 ,因此在存储发运时 ,所占空间较小。当纸卷拉开后 ,它就成为立体蜂窝状 ,厚达原来的 10倍 ,面积也增加 2 0 %。它具有缓冲衬垫物的作用 ,适合填充和保护包装商品用。这种纸质包装材料是用再生纤维制成的 ,可以重复使用 ,并具有生物降解和再生性能。可代替泡沫塑料的纸质包装材料@李兵     

生物降解高分子在缓冲包装材料中的应用

泡沫塑料具有优异的性能,在缓冲包装材料中摘　占有重要的地位,但使用后的废弃物带来严重的环境污染。一些生物降解高分子能够适应环保的要求,具有巨大的开发利用价值,本文概述了生物降解高分子在缓冲发泡材料中的应用。     

洗碗机的缓冲包装

采用聚苯泡沫塑料和空气垫两种材料对洗碗机进行缓冲包装，并通过进行振动和跌落冲击试验测试比较，总结其优缺点，以期在实际应用中选取合理的包装材料和结构，并试图获得更佳的缓冲效果，实现对产品的保护、     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to