用于分布式天基SAR系统低速运动目标检测的空时波形优化设计

本文提出了一种空时波形优化设计方法,该方法将零相关区序列集应用于多发单收体制下的分布式小卫星雷达系统,实现了在单颗接收卫星上直接进行地面运动目标检测（SAR-GMTI）,使得多颗卫星之间不需要进行通讯和数据传送。这种特殊的二相编码信号作为发射信号,其回波信号与多路发射信号分别进行匹配之后的输出信号均在特定区域（主峰旁边）值很小而且具有一致的主瓣形状和旁瓣形状,因此对于目标附近的强杂波具有很好的抑制作用。仿真结果验证了优化波形的有效性和可行性。     

天基TDM-MIMO雷达系统抗干扰波形设计方法

针对天基MIMO脉冲雷达探测体制的发射波形设计问题,考虑到天基雷达的发射波形等相关参数极易被敌方侦察设备侦收到,提出了一种新的抗干扰天基TDM-MIMO雷达波形设计方法。结合雷达系统的信号处理流程,建立了基于复合模糊函数的波形设计参数化模型,以表征雷达探测性能的发射信号集复合模糊函数和表征抗欺骗干扰的正交性来优化设计雷达波形,在保证了雷达探测性能的前提下,兼顾了抗干扰性能。该优化波形同时具有一定范围的多普勒不敏感的特性。天基TDM-MIMO雷达系统各发射阵元依次发射或跳变发射正交波形,所有接收阵元接收回波信号,回波信号经过信号处理流程之后实现了目标的检测。仿真试验验证了优化波形的有效性和可行性,适用于天基TDM-MIMO雷达探测高速空间目标的实际工程应用。     

基于MIMO-SAR体制的空频域自适应动目标检测技术研究

多发多收星载SAR使用多天线从不同的相位中心发射正交编码信号,多个接收相位中心接收回波后形成多通道信号,显著增大了空间自由度,有利于地面动目标检测.该文研究了多发多收星载SAR空时自适应信号处理进行地面动目标检测的技术,针对星载SAR回波信号的特点,在研究空频自适应处理算法的基础上,使用基于特征值分解的空频自适应处理算法对多发多收星载SAR的杂波进行抑制,最后完成对动目标的检测.仿真数据处理结果验证了该文方法的有效性.     

基于Alamouti编码的MIMO-SAR高信噪比高分辨宽测绘带成像

提出了一种基于Alamouti空时编码的方位-慢时间波形编码方案.系统沿方位向分两个子孔径按Alamouti编码矩阵对正交波形作脉间编码发射,接收端全阵列分子孔径接收,通过对回波信号作方位多普勒解模糊,再解码处理Alamouti编码组内相邻两个脉冲重复间隔(PRI)的回波信号,实现了正交子波形的彻底分离,改善了回波信号的信噪比,可实现高信噪比下高分辨宽测绘带成像.系统结构简单,孔径资源利用率高,且具有同时多模式工作潜力.仿真分析验证了系统信号处理方法的正确性.     

基于零相关区序列集的空时自适应处理地面运动目标检测算法

在多发单收的合成孔径雷达-地面运动目标检测(SAR鄄GMTI)雷达系统中,虽然多颗卫星之间不需要数据传送就能在接收卫星上实现地面运动目标检测,但存在由于空间发射互相正交的一组波形而导致SAR 成像相干积累的积分旁瓣过高的问题,从而影响对后续的图像域杂波相消性能。因此,文中提出了将空时自适应处理算法用于发射零相关区序列集(ZCZcodes)信号的星载多入单出系统,这样不用考虑积分旁瓣对SAR 成像质量和图像域杂波相消性能带来的影响,且计算量较SAR鄄GMTI 算法小,同样不需要数据传送也在接收卫星上实现了地面运动目标检测。仿真结果和性能分析验证了该方法的有效性。     

检测性能约束下目标估计的波形优化设计

为了提高杂波背景下检测性能约束的扩展目标估计性能,提出一种基于凸优化和随机化方法的波形优化设计算法。文中考虑了实际雷达系统应用对目标检测性能的要求,定义了随机目标场景下的信杂噪比,并将之作为约束条件,以最大化接收回波与目标随机冲激响应之间的互信息作为优化准则,利用凸优化和随机化方法进行恒包络相位编码信号的设计。仿真实验结果表明,该算法获得的发射信号能够满足系统最低检测信杂噪比的要求,最大化互信息,提高了目标的估计性能,将扩展目标估计性能和检测性能有效统一起来。     

应用正交码组信号的传统雷达距离旁瓣抑制方法

为了抑制传统雷达的距离旁瓣和提高传统雷达抗欺骗式干扰性能,该文提出一种传统雷达随机发射一组正交信号的信号发射策略。给定一组正交性好且距离旁瓣低的相位编码信号,雷达在每次发射时从这组波形中随机选取一个波形进行发射,接收端已知该发射信号波形并基于该波形对接收信号进行脉冲压缩,最后对多次相邻脉冲的回波信号进行相干积累。理论分析和仿真结果均表明,距离主瓣信号能够有效积累,而距离旁瓣信号近似白化,因而脉冲积累后可明显降低系统的最大距离旁瓣电平。     

基于遗传算法的MIMO雷达正交编码信号波形优化

MIMO雷达通过发射正交编码信号来获得独立的空间分集增益,改善目标检测识别性能。它对发射信号波形优化设计提出了更高的要求:首先信号为正交信号,以便减低信号间干扰并获得独立的空间分集增益;其次信号为大时宽、宽带宽的脉冲压缩信号,以便解决探测距离和距离分辨率的矛盾。文中根据以上两条要求构造适合的适应度函数,提出了一种基于遗传算法的正交编码信号设计方法,为正交MIMO雷达发射信号进行波形优化,仿真结果和实验分析验证了算法的有效性和可行性。     

OFDM-MIMO雷达低空目标探测性能研究

针对低空多径效应和地杂波复合作用导致的低空目标探测性能下降, 利用正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM)-多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)雷达的空间和频率分集特性提高低空目标探测性能.在建立正交频分复用-线性调频发射信号模型、多径效应模型和基于对称阿尔法稳定分布的地杂波模型基础上, 得出了OFDM-MIMO雷达接收信号模型.采用匹配滤波器恢复发射-接收天线对信号, 通过接收信号融合实现参差补偿, 减小了接收信号能量的深度衰减和剧烈起伏.仿真算例表明OFDM-MIMO雷达能够有效减小回波信号剧烈起伏和杂波对目标探测的影响, 实现多径干扰和杂波背景下对低空目标的稳定探测.     

稀布阵综合脉冲孔径雷达

一种采用正交编码全向发射,接收用匹配滤波处理获得发射和接收天线阵方向图的雷达。采用大孔径天线阵列稀疏布阵,各发射阵元为全向天线,辐射一组相互正交的宽脉冲信号,在空间形成无方向性的均匀照射;各接收单元也是全向天线,各路接收通道对不同方向、距离的回波信号进行匹配滤波处理,使各发射单元的回波信号同相叠加,     

Blind velocities mitigation for MIMO GMTI radar with Doppler division multiple access waveforms

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with multiple transmitters and multiple receivers can achieve a larger virtual antenna array and more system degrees of freedom; thus applying it to ground moving target indication (GMTI) radar can improve the performance of GMTI. Doppler division multiple access (DDMA) waveforms are approximately orthogonal providing good minimum detectable velocity (MDV) performance. However, in such DDMA systems, a sufficient pulse repetition frequency (PRF) design freedom is required. Furthermore, these waveforms suffer from blind velocities which are serious problems, especially in radar systems with high carrier frequency or low PRF. This paper analyses the blind velocities problem and show that blind velocities are relative to variation of the PRF and/or the carrier frequency. Variable PRF techniques are widely used in conventional GMTI radar including multiple PRFs and variable pulse repetition intervals (PRI). Combined with the characteristics of the DDMA MIMO GMTI radar, this paper proposed two methods to mitigate blind velocities: “multi-PRF DDMA” which employs multiple PRFs over successive coherent processing intervals, and “PRI-dithered DDMA” which employs nonuniform sampling by dithered PRI in slow time. Simulation results demonstrate that both the methods are effective ways to mitigate blind velocities in DDMA MIMO GMTI radar systems.     

New Solutions for Distributed Realization of 8 × 1 MISO channel with QOSTBC

We proposed new solutions for distributed realization of the quasi orthogonal space-time block coding (QOSTBC), which is designed for 8 × 1 multiple input–single output (MISO) system. The first proposed solution assumes that base station and relay stations are equipped with 2 antennas, while for the second solution base station is equipped with 4 antennas and relay stations are with one antenna. In both scenarios mobile unit is equipped with single antenna. The proposed solutions are compared with distributed QOSTBC which is used for 4 × 1 MISO system. The simulation results show BER performances improvements provided with the proposed solutions in comparison with distributed QOSTBC designed for 4 × 1 MISO. It was shown that the first proposed scheme provides lower BER values than the second solution. Also, beside ideal channel estimation, influence of real estimation errors on BER performances is considered.     

Improved MIMO radar GMTI via cyclic-shift transmission of orthogonal frequency division signals

Minimum detectable velocity (MDV) and maximum detectable velocity are both important in ground moving target indication (GMTI) systems. Smaller MDV can be achieved by longer baseline via multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. Maximum detectable velocity is decided by blind velocities associated with carrier frequencies, and blind velocities can be mitigated by orthogonal frequency division signals. However, the scattering echoes from different carrier frequencies are independent, which is not good for improving MDV performance. An improved cyclic-shift transmission is applied in MIMO GMTI system in this paper. MDV performance is improved due to the longer baseline, and maximum detectable velocity performance is improved due to the mitigation of blind velocities via multiple carrier frequencies. The signal model for this mode is established, the principle of mitigating blind velocities with orthogonal frequency division signals is presented; the performance of different MIMO GMTI waveforms is analysed; and the performance of different array configurations is analysed. Simulation results by space–time–frequency adaptive processing proves that our proposed method is a valid way to improve GMTI performance.     

基于OFDM的MIMO-SAR抗多径波形设计

针对雷达多径干扰问题,提出一种基于正交频分复用（OFDM）的多发多收合成孔径雷达（MIMO-SAR）抗多径波形设计方法。该方法基于频率分集原理,设计循环移位OFDM-LFM波形提升OFDM波形有效带宽,并针对该波形设计MIMO平台收发模型,结合多通道正交波形空时编码（STC）方案实现多通道接收信号分离,该波形设计方案对SAR多径干扰抑制有效。该方法可以解决多径干扰导致的目标分辨率低及虚假目标问题,在机载SAR高分辨率成像、车载SAR城市探测与智能驾驶等方面具备广阔应用前景。     

脉间二相编码雷达信号的二维处理

超视距雷达系统广泛应用于高频返回散射探测领域,而雷达波形设计则是高频超视距雷达的重点研究课题之一.研究了一种高重复频率脉间二相编码脉冲雷达波形,并提出了针对这种雷达波形的二维信号处理方案.仿真结果表明,新方案能有效地抑制距离旁瓣,提高回波信号检测目标的动态范围.     

Effective CLEAN algorithms for performance-enhanced detection of binary coding radar signals

With binary coding waveform as radar pulse compression signal, the sidelobe of the matched processing result of the received signals is a serious interference to the effective detection of multiple targets. In this paper, the CLEAN algorithms are introduced to eliminate such sidelobes and significantly improve the target detection performance of binary coding radar signals. A novel modified CLEAN algorithm is proposed to remove the sidelobe interferences in formulating target range profile when wideband binary coding signals are used. The effectiveness of the CLEAN algorithms is demonstrated through the processing results.     

米波稀布阵雷达自适应旁瓣对消性能分析

详述了米波稀布阵雷达自适应旁瓣对消工作原理,米波稀布阵综合脉冲孔径雷达(SIAR)是一种新型米波分布阵体制雷达,采用稀布阵列天线,通过各个阵元全向发射正交编码频率信号以使各向同性照射,在接收端通过DBF和发射脉冲综合形成接收和发射波束。采用最小均方准则(LMS)对米波稀布阵雷达的抗干扰性能作了仿真,根据试验实测数据进行分析,取得了良好的干扰抑制效果,并分析比较了点频单个干扰源和多个干扰源对消处理效果,具有较强的工程实用价值。     

New Solutions for Cooperative Relaying Implementation of OSTBC with 3/4 Code Rate

In this paper we propose two new cooperative relaying schemes which enable distributed implementation of the orthogonal space time block coding (OSTBC) with 3/4 code rate. These proposed schemes are compared with cooperative relaying scheme with virtual OSTBC and 1/2 code rate. The considered schemes are used for creating virtual 4 × 1 multiple input–single output (MISO) channel, and include one base station with two antennas, two relay stations each with a single antenna and one mobile station with a single antenna. Obtained results show that in the case of the same bit rate the proposed schemes provide better bit error rate (BER) performances than virtual OSTBC with 1/2 code rate. On the other side, for the same symbol constellations the proposed schemes have almost identical BER performances as virtual OSTBC with 1/2 code rate, but with a benefit of 1.5 times increased code rate.     

集中式MIMO雷达研究综述

多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达作为一种新体制雷达,利用其发射波形分集的特点,在目标检测、参数估计、射频隐身及抗干扰等诸多方面展现出了突出的性能,经过学者们近20年的深入研究,基于正交波形的MIMO雷达相关理论日臻完善,并在汽车辅助驾驶、安全防卫等领域得到广泛应用。近年来,随着电磁环境感知及知识辅助等概念的引入,基于波形优化的MIMO雷达主动抗干扰、射频隐身、以及探测-通信一体化等技术受到学者们的关注并得到深入研究。该文力图对学者们近20年来围绕MIMO雷达的研究工作进行归纳与综述,内容主要包括:正交波形MIMO雷达原理、目标探测性能分析、典型应用;正交波形MIMO雷达波形设计与特点;基于知识的认知MIMO波形设计与算法;基于MIMO的探测-通信一体化波形设计与算法;MIMO雷达信号处理、数据处理及资源管理。论文最后对MIMO雷达在机载应用中的空时处理(STAP)、MIMO雷达在成像中的信号处理、以及基于时分多波形分集的线性调频毫米波MIMO雷达信号处理等进行了讨论。      

一种新的2kbit/s波形内插语音编码器

基于传统的波形内插语音编码模型,提出了一种新的2kbit/s语音编码方案。该方案在编码端去除了传统方法中复杂的对齐运算,在译码端用三次B样条插值取代传统的线性插值。慢渐变波形只量化低频分量,而快渐变波形用正交多项式拟合,并采用合成-分析技术对其进行矢量量化。DRT测试结果表明,该2kbit/s语音编码方法能获得高可懂度的重建语音。