Multiple access based on different lengths super orthogonal codes to support QoS of M2M communications in next generation networks

Global connectivity, low latency, and ready‐to‐use infrastructure of next generation wireless (NGW) networks provide a platform for machine‐to‐machine (M2M) communications on a large scale. However, M2M communications over NGW networks pose significant challenges because of different data rates, diverse applications, and a large number of connections. In this paper, we address M2M challenges over NGW networks, and in particular, we focus on random access overload issue and diverse quality‐of‐service (QoS) requirements to enable M2M communications in the context of NGW networks. To enable massive M2M access while QoS guarantees, we propose group‐based M2M communications on the basis of identical transmission protocols and QoS requirements. Furthermore, to guarantee low energy consumption for M2M devices in the same group, we propose a decentralized group‐head selection scheme. In addition, a solution is proposed by using an effective capacity concept to provide QoS guarantees for M2M devices with a strict time constraint. A new random access approach based on different lengths super orthogonal codes is proposed to ease massive random access challenges with provisioning diverse QoS requirements of M2M communications in heterogeneous NGW networks.     

Quality-of-service driven power and rate adaptation for multichannel communications over wireless links

We propose a quality-of-service (QoS) driven power and rate adaptation scheme for multichannel communications systems over wireless links. In particular, we use multichannel communications to model the conceptual architectures for either diversity or multiplexing systems, which play a fundamental role in physical-layer evolutions of mobile wireless networks. By integrating information theory with the concept of effective capacity, our proposed scheme aims at maximizing the multichannel-systems throughput subject to a given delay-QoS constraint. Under the framework of convex optimization, we develop the optimal adaptation algorithms. Our analyses show that when the QoS constraint becomes loose, the optimal power-control policy converges to the well-known water-filling scheme, where the Shannon (or ergodic) capacity can be achieved. On the other hand, when the QoS constraint gets stringent, the optimal policy converges to the scheme operating at a constant-rate (i.e., the zero-outage capacity), which, by using only a limited number of subchannels, approaches the Shannon capacity. This observation implies that the optimal effective capacity function decreases from the ergodic capacity to the zero-outage capacity as the QoS constraint becomes more stringent. Furthermore, unlike the single-channel communications, which have to trade off the throughput for QoS provisioning, the multichannel communications can achieve both high throughput and stringent QoS at the same.     

QoS management in mobile IP networks using a terminal assistant

This paper describes a signalling environment for Quality of Service (QoS) negotiation and advance resource reservation in mobile IP networks. This environment is built in conformance with the generic signalling environment, which is standardized by the NSIS IETF working group. The advanced resource reservation protocol, called MQoS NSLP, is based on the QoS NSLP signalling application. It provides to mobile terminals the QoS required based on the user's mobility and QoS profile. In this work, we investigate the use of some techniques of the AI (Artificial Intelligence) domain to implement a user interface called NIA (Negotiation Individual Assistant) in order to determine the QoS profile and negotiate the QoS parameters in the new domain after the handover. Therefore, we use connectionist learning in the management of the negotiation profiles and agent technology to help the user choose the best service provider, dynamically negotiate the QoS on the user's behalf, and follow the user's behaviour to be able to anticipate the negotiation and manage renegotiation. The advance resource reservation is based on an object MSpec (Mobility Specification) which determines the future location of the mobile terminal. The MSpec object is a part of the mobility and QoS profile and is determined by the NIA in the mobile terminal. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Novel Admission Control Algorithm Based on Negotiation and Price

1　Introduction　In a media server that supports Quality of Service (QoS),an admission control algorithm determines whether or not anew request can be admitted to the server such that all userswill receive their required performance[1]. In general, ad mission control algorithms can be divided into deterministic,observation based and statistical ones. Deterministic algo rithms guarantee the specific QoS requirement by reservingthe resources for the worst case requirement of each applic…     

A CORBA-based quality of service management framework fordistributed multimedia services and applications

For distributed multimedia services, it is essential that quality of service be guaranteed system-wide, including end systems, communication systems, and networks. Although many researchers have addressed issues of QoS management, little attention has so far been paid to the QoS management services in distributed multimedia services and applications. To address this deficiency, we have designed a layered model for end-to-end QoS management called the QoS management framework. Our framework, which is CORBA-based, includes a generic QoS MIB for the QoS parameterization of various multimedia services and the services needed to perform various QoS functions. A key component of this framework is the QoS management service object (QMSO), which orchestrates resources at endpoints, coordinating resource management across layer boundaries. Services such as translation, monitoring, admission, and negotiation are provided by the QMSO. To validate this concept, we have developed a QoS management system for managing and controlling the QoS of a distributed multimedia system called MAESTRO. The QoS management system has been implemented through CORBA objects and provides an interface to multimedia applications, which can be dynamic negotiation and renegotiation of QoS by users. Some performance results in QoS negotiation and renegotiation are also presented     

The design of a QoS-controlled ATM-based communications system inChorus

We describe the design of an application platform able to run distributed real-time and multimedia applications alongside conventional UNIX programs. The platform is embedded in a microkernel/PC environment and supported by an ATM-based, QoS-driven communications stack. In particular, we focus on resource-management aspects of the design and deal with CPU scheduling, network resource-management and memory-management issues. An architecture is presented that guarantees QoS levels of both communications and processing with varying degrees of commitment as specified by user-level QoS parameters. The architecture uses admission tests to determine whether or not new activities can be accepted and includes modules to translate user-level QoS parameters into representations usable by the scheduling, network, and memory-management subsystems     

Multiring techniques for scalable battlespace group communications

Network-centric warfare must leverage off a common network to support different purposes. While group communications based on a single virtual ring overlay may satisfy the most important requirements for survivability and security, scalability may for cc redesign because a single ring generally has higher delay and delay jitter. In order to provide scalability as the number of group members grows, large single rings may be broken into, smaller multirings interconnected together. Thus, comparing the characteristics of different multiring techniques provides insight into which battlespace applications may be supported via virtual rings. In this article we consider different approaches to providing scalable battlespace group communications using multi-ring techniques, classifying the techniques according to the primary military requirements of QoS, security, and survivability. Some important design issues of multiring techniques, such as the number of ring levels and number of rings per level, are dependent on, application QoS requirements and the underlying network infrastructure in terms of topology (dense vs. sparse) and link bandwidths (bottleneck capacities). Through our survey, we conclude that while no existing multiring scheme provides the single solution to battlespace group communications, some aspects of existing multiring schemes do match specific scenarios and provide us useful insights for designing new schemes for battlespace group communication. To our knowledge, this is the first article to survey and categorize multiring algorithms.     

A ring-based multicast routing topology with QoS support in wireless mesh networks

Wireless mesh networking (WMN) is an emerging technology for future broadband wireless access. The proliferation of the mobile computing devices that are equipped with cameras and ad hoc communication mode creates the possibility of exchanging real-time data between mobile users in wireless mesh networks. In this paper, we argue for a ring-based multicast routing topology with support from infrastructure nodes for group communications in WMNs. We study the performance of multicast communication over a ring routing topology when 802.11 with RTS/CTS scheme is used at the MAC layer to enable reliable multicast services in WMNs. We propose an algorithm to enhance the IP multicast routing on the ring topology. We show that when mesh routers on a ring topology support group communications by employing our proposed algorithms, a significant performance enhancement is realized. We analytically compute the end-to-end delay on a ring multicast routing topology. Our results show that the end-to-end delay is reduced about 33 %, and the capacity of multicast network (i.e., maximum group size that the ring can serve with QoS guarantees) is increased about 50 % as compared to conventional schemes. We also use our analytical results to develop heuristic algorithms for constructing an efficient ring-based multicast routing topology with QoS guarantees. The proposed algorithms take into account all possible traffic interference when constructing the multicast ring topology. Thus, the constructed ring topology provides QoS guarantees for the multicast traffic and minimizes the cost of group communications in WMNs.     

第三代移动通信中的服务质量及技术挑战

第三代移动通信(3G)系统将Internet和移动通信相结合，使得移动通信中业务的数量和种类得到前所未有的增长。各种实时和多媒体业务的不断涌现，要求提供端到端的服务质量(QoS)保证。与Internet相比，3G系统中的QoS具有自身的特点，给3G系统QoS的实现带来更大的技术挑战。本文总结了这一领域近年来众多的研究成果，对实现3G系统中的QoS所面临的挑战进行分析，指出了几种技术解决途径，提出了无线接口的QoS实现框架，最后展望了3G的未来及支持QoS的技术发展方向。     

QoS specification languages for distributed multimedia applications: a survey and taxonomy

Following considerable research into quality-of-service-aware application programming interface design and QoS specification language development for multimedia systems, we present a survey and taxonomy of existing QoS specification languages. As computer and communication technology evolves, distributed multimedia applications are becoming ubiquitous, and quality of service (QoS) is becoming ever more integral to those applications. Because they consume so many resources (such as memory and bandwidth), multimedia applications need resource management at different layers of the communications protocol stack to ensure end-to-end service quality, and to regulate resource contention for equitable resource sharing. However, before an application can invoke any QoS-aware resource management mechanisms and policies - such as admission control, resource reservation, enforcement, and adaptation - it must specify its QoS requirements and the corresponding resource allocations. Furthermore, the application must describe how QoS should be scaled and adapted in cases of resource contention or resource scarcity during runtime. Our goal in this article is to systematically classify and compare the existing QoS specification languages that span several QoS layers with diverse properties. The provided taxonomy and the extensive analysis will give us a detailed look at the existing QoS specification languages along with their properties and relations.     

COPS-SLS usage for dynamic policy-based QoS management over heterogeneous IP networks

While each IP domain can deploy its own strategy to manage network resources, multimedia traffic needs end-to-end QoS management to obtain an overall service level. The provision of end-to-end QoS over a heterogeneous environment implies the negotiation of a mutually acceptable SLA. This article presents the use of the COPS-SLS protocol as a generic protocol for automatic service-level negotiation and the integration of this protocol in an overall QoS management architecture to manage service levels over multiple domains deploying different QoS technologies.     

Quality-of-service architecture: Monitoring and control ofmultimedia communications

For distributed multimedia applications the provision of system-wide quality of service (QoS) is essential. The quality-of-service architecture (QoS-A) developed at Lancaster University offers a framework to specify and implement the required performance properties of multimedia applications over integrated-service networks in a heterogeneous environment. The work addresses the problem of lower-level QoS as well as QoS support for multipeer multimedia applications operating in an open communication system. QoS filters have been developed to deal with the problems of heterogeneity in group communication environments. New challenges are also encountered in emerging mobile networks and user mobility; and recent developments in the Internet community highlight the need for appropriate QoS support mechanisms for multimedia applications. The paper describes how the QoS-A research at Lancaster University provides a flexible framework for the monitoring and control of multimedia communications across the broad range of computing systems and networks     

提供QoS保证的比例公平调度改进算法及其应用

优化分配有限的无线资源以提高系统容量,同时为不同用户的不同业务提供服务质量保障,是未来无线通信的关键问题之一.传统的比例公平(PF)算法是系统吞吐量与公平性的折中,没有考虑用户的QoS需求.对传统的PF算法作一些改进,根据用户的目标速率设置不同的加权值.根据时延设置不同的历史平均窗长,以提供一定的QoS保证;并分析了该算法在多天线多载波系统下行链路中的性能.仿真结果表明改进的PF算法能根据用户需求提供QoS保证,同时获得多用户分集增益.     

Hybrid QoS based routing protocol for inter and intra wireless mesh infrastructure communications

Quality of service (QoS) in wireless mesh networks is an active area of research, which is driven by the increasing demand for real-time and multimedia applications, such as Voice over IP and Video on Demand. In this paper, we propose a novel QoS based routing protocol for wireless mesh infrastructure, called Hybrid QoS Mesh Routing (HQMR). It is composed of two QoS based routing sub-protocols: a reactive multi-metric routing protocol for intra-infrastructure communications and a proactive multi-tree based routing protocol for communications with external networks. The proposed routing protocol enables forwarding real-time and streaming applications with QoS guarantee in a mesh wireless environment, by assigning a specific routing path for each defined service class. To this end, three different QoS service classes are defined, depending on the applications requirements. We analyze in this paper the simulation results of different scenarios conducted on the network simulator ns-3 to demonstrate the effectiveness of the HQMR protocol and to compare it to other routing protocols while forwarding real-time applications with QoS guarantee.     

Distributed Busacker–Gowen algorithm for end-to-end QoS pipe negotiation in X-domain networks

Multimedia services and other critical multisite services (e.g., VPN) are becoming mainstream, and they require a guaranteed quality of service (QoS). Services need to be established across several autonomous systems (ASes), often to connect end-users. Thus, provisioning and control of end-to-end QoS requirements arise as one of the main challenges in inter-AS management. The contractual approach, consisting in using service-level agreements (SLAs) defined by each crossed AS, allows to negotiate contract chains that satisfy end-to-end requirements. However, establishing such chains by on-demand negotiations does not scale up for large numbers of requests. Hence, we propose a negotiation process to occur before users’ requests to establish service are received. The proposed negotiation process results in the selection of aggregated contract chains, called pipes, and a distribution between them. Such a distribution would indicate, for each chain of a pipe, the connection flow it may accept. In this paper, we address the pipe negotiation problem as a network flow problem. We also propose a distributed adaptation of an algorithm for network flow problems.     

End-to-end quality-of-service coordination for mobile multimedia applications

Transmitting real-time multimedia streams over heterogeneous mobile networks is a challenging task. Variation in network and system conditions can dramatically affect application performance. When providing end-to-end quality-of-service (QoS) multiple system facets should be coordinated: orchestration of local and peer resources, reservation of network resources, adaptation of multimedia streams, etc. This paper presents an end-to-end negotiation protocol (E2ENP) for negotiating and coordinating QoS on an end-to-end basis both at application and network layer. Based on a flexible extensible markup language (XML) model and extending SDPng concepts, the protocol enables the negotiation of system capabilities and allows provider-services to effectively influence the negotiation process. The aim of the E2ENP design is to optimize the efficiency of multimedia call setup and reduce the time for QoS renegotiations, whenever vertical handovers or spontaneous network reconfigurations occur. The basic protocol is presented, together with implementation and measurement results, stemming from several studies on current and future third-generation/fourth-generation scenarios.     

Connection admission control for mobile multiple-class personalcommunications networks

In this paper, we investigate the connection admission control problem in mobile personal communications networks. Since user mobility and multimedia traffic are important factors in personal communications networks, in contrast to other studies on this aspect which either focused on only single-class call connections or ignored user mobility, our study directly addresses the connection admission control for multiple-class calls with user mobility. A generic class of coordinate-convex admission control policies is considered. An efficient numerical method is proposed to derive the connection-level quality of service (QoS), and is verified with computer simulation results. The results obtained show that, besides offered load, user mobility can have a great impact on the connection-level QoS. The proposed analysis may be employed in a network design tool for studying the admission control policy and for selecting system parameters to satisfy the required connection-level QoS     

QoS Negotiation and Renegotiation Based on Mobile Agents

The Quality of Service （QoS） has received more and more attention since QoS becomes increasingly important in the Internet development. Mobile software agents represent a valid alternative to the implementation of strategies for the negotiation. In this paper, a QoS negotiation and renegotiation system architecture based on mobile agents is proposed. The agents perform the task in the whole process. Therefore, such a system can reduce the network load, overcome latency, and avoid frequent exchange information between clients and server. The simulation results show that the proposed system could improve the network resource utility about 10%.     

An improved mutual authentication protocol based on perfect forward secrecy for satellite communications

As the mobile network progresses fast, mobile communications have a far‐reaching influence in our daily life. In order to guarantee the communication security, a myriad of experts introduced many authentication protocols. Recently, Qi et al presented an enhanced authentication with key agreement protocol for satellite communications, and they proclaimed that their protocol could defend various attacks and support varied security requirements. Regrettably, in this paper, we prove that their protocol was fruitless in resisting smart card stolen or loss attack, supporting perfect forward secrecy and had a fundamental error. To solve these problems, we present an improved protocol based on perfect forward secrecy. In addition, the analysis of our improved protocol suggests that it gets possession of faultless security properties and overcomes the flaws in the protocol of Qi et al perfectly. Thus, our improved protocol can be appropriated for the mobile communications.     

Service level negotiation andcops-sls protocol

The Internet is a set of interconnected domains in which different QoS technologies can be deployed. The dynamic provision of end-to-end QoS over heterogeneousip networks assumes the negotiation of mutually acceptablesla. This paper presents the concept of intra-, inter- and multiple-domain service level negotiation using thecops-sls protocol. The negotiation process gives different parties in the negotiation the ability to agree upon the service level that a data stream can obtain, along with the permissible pricing of the service.