水介质对0Cr18Ni9不锈钢微动运行特性的影响

在大气、纯净水、酸性水和海水四种介质中，对0Cr18Ni9钢以两种不同载荷(50N、100N)和不同位移幅值进行微动磨损试验，并建立了运行工况微动图。结果显示：水介质改变了微动运行的区域，部分滑移区变小，而混合区和滑移区向小位移方向移动，并表现出明显的润滑作用；水介质降低了微动摩擦因数，降低效果从高到低依次为海水、酸性水和纯净水。     

油润滑对微动摩擦特性影响的研究

研究了钢摩擦副在油润滑工况下不同位移幅值对微动润滑摩擦特性的影响,分析了表面形貌。研究表明微动过程中表面之间的油介质会被驱除出接触区域,而滑动过程中表面之间的油介质始终保持在接触区域;润滑油的存在对接触区域起到了遮盖的作用,减少了氧化反应;由于油的流动性,在微动过程中容易再次渗透到接触区域,降低了表面摩擦与磨损。     

海水环境对LY12微动摩擦学行为的影响

以球-面接触方式,在300 μm的振幅下研究了LY12铝合金与440C不锈钢球在海水和纯净水中的微动摩擦学行为,研究了海水介质对腐蚀形貌、摩擦因数和磨损量的影响,并用动电位极化分析法研究了TC11腐蚀磨损前后的电化学行为.结果表明,LY12在海水中以点蚀为主,虽然海水对铝合金具有减摩作用,但是由于海水中高浓度Cl-的存在,导致LY12在海水中的磨损量始终比在纯水中的高,从而使腐蚀磨损呈正交互作用,LY12在海水中的磨损机制以腐蚀疲劳为主.     

Ti6Al4V合金在Saline溶液中的微动腐蚀特性

采用液压高精度微动试验机,做了Ti6A l4V/Si3N4摩擦副在干态、蒸馏水和Saline溶液等3种介质中的微动腐蚀试验,用激光共焦扫描显微镜(LCSM)观察了磨痕表面形貌并测量了磨损体积。结果表明:蒸馏水和Saline溶液改变了微动运行区域;空气中的摩擦因数与磨损体积最大,Saline溶液中最小,3种介质中的摩擦因数与磨损体积均随位移增加而增加;载荷增加时,磨损体积增大而摩擦因数减小;较大位移时,腐蚀与磨损交互作用显著地加速了Ti6A l4V的材料流失;微动损伤主要表现为剥落与磨粒磨损共同作用。     

湿度、温度及润滑油对粘结MoS2固体润滑涂层微动磨损寿命的影响

在不同载荷和位移幅值条件下．研究了湿度、温度及润滑油对粘结MoS2固体润滑涂层微动磨损寿命的影响。试验结果表明：湿度、温度的变化及润滑油环境下都会不同程度地影响粘结涂层的磨损寿命。相对湿度愈高，寿命愈低；温度的影响分两个阶段，20～100℃范围，磨损寿命随温度升高而增加，在100～300℃范围，磨损寿命随温度的升高而下降；润滑油的影响强烈依赖于位移幅值和载荷变化，低位移幅值、高载荷下影响极小，而高位移幅值、低载荷下将导致磨损寿命下降。     

高温下位移幅值对TC4合金磨损性能的影响

钛合金的微动磨损会加速裂纹的形成与扩展,导致其构件提前失效。利用摩擦磨损试验机考察TC4合金在300和500℃温度下的微动磨损行为,利用扫描电子显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜对磨痕轮廓及磨痕表面进行分析,探讨在300和500℃温度下TC4合金在不同位移幅值作用下的微动磨损机制。实验结果表明：高温条件下,试样平均摩擦因数和磨损率随位移幅值的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势;两种高温环境中,小位移幅值时,微动运行区域为部分滑移区,主要损伤机制为黏着磨损和氧化磨损;位移幅值为100μm时,微动运行区域为混合滑移区,主要磨损机制为氧化磨损、剥层磨损及塑性变形;大位移幅值时,微动运行区域为完全滑移区,主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。对比300和500℃条件下磨损结果,表明温度越高TC4合金耐磨性能越好,这主要是由于摩擦生成的氧化物TiO₂和Fe₂O₃对磨损表面具有保护作用。     

纯钛在去离子水和生理盐水中的复合微动腐蚀特性

在高精度液压式微动试验机上,采用球/平面接触方式,进行了纯钛(TA2/TA2)在干态、去离子水和生理盐水中的切向与径向复合微动试验.在动力学分析的同时,结合光学显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)对磨痕进行了分析研究.结果表明:在去离子水和生理盐水中,复合微动载荷-位移曲线呈现准梯形和椭圆形2阶段特征;相同载荷条件下,2种介质中微动腐蚀的材料损失小于干态;生理盐水中摩擦耗散能比去离子水中大.在2种介质条件下,TA2的复合微动磨损表现为腐蚀磨损、磨粒磨损和剥层共同作用的机制.     

AZ91D镁合金微动磨损特性研究

采用液压高精度材料试验机考察了平面一球面接触的AZ91D镁合金摩擦副的微动磨损行为，分析了位移幅值、法向载荷和频率等参数对摩擦因数和磨损体积的影响，考察了不同实验条件下的磨斑形貌，并探讨了其磨损机理。结果表明：AZ91D镁合金的微动区域可分为部分滑移区、混合区和滑移区3个区域，粘着磨损、疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损分别是3个区域的主要磨损机制；磨损体积随着位移幅值和法向载荷的增加而增大，但却随着频率的增大而减小。在微动部分滑移区和混合区，摩擦因数随着位移增大迅速增加；在微动滑移区，摩擦因数随法向载荷的增大而减小，而位移幅值和频率对摩擦因数的影响较小。     

粘结MoS2固体润滑涂层的转动微动磨损特性

采用粘结法在LZ50钢表面制备MoS2固体润滑涂层,研究MoS2涂层及LZ50钢基体在干态不同角位移幅值下的转动微动磨损行为。在分析转动微动动力学特性的同时,结合光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子能谱仪以及轮廓仪对磨痕形貌进行微观分析。结果表明:涂层和基体的转动微动运行区域仅呈现部分滑移区(Partial slip regime,PSR)和滑移区(Slip regime,SR),未观察到混合区。涂层改变基体的微动运行区域,使得PSR缩小,SR运行区域向小角位移幅值方向移动。由于MoS2涂层的固体润滑作用,涂层的摩擦因数在整个试验过程都明显低于基体。在PSR,涂层损伤轻微;在SR,涂层的转动微动磨损机制主要表现为剥层和摩擦氧化。研究表明粘结MoS2固体润滑涂层具有明显的防护作用,显著降低LZ50钢的转动微动磨损。     

水润滑橡胶轴承的磨粒磨损特性及机理研究

以含沙量不同的自来水为润滑介质，用MPV-200型摩擦磨损试验机分别研究了含沙量对水润滑丁腈橡胶轴承的摩擦系数和磨损率的影响，得出了丁腈橡胶轴承在不同水质下的磨擦学特征，并对作用机理进行了系统的分析，为水润滑橡胶轴承的实际应用提供理论指导。     

Oil-Lubricated Fretting Behaviors of 304 Stainless Steels under Different Fretting Strokes and Normal Loads

The influence of oil lubrication on the fretting wear behaviors of 304 stainless steel flat specimens under different fretting strokes and normal loads has been investigated. The results proved that fretting regimes and fretting wear behaviors of 304 stainless steels were closely related to the fretting conditions. In general, the increase in normal load could increase wear damage during sliding wear. However, according to the results, a significant reduction in wear volume and increase in friction coefficient was observed when the normal load was increased to critical values of 40 and 50 N at a fretting stroke of 50 μm due to the transformation of the fretting regime from a gross slip regime to partial slip regime. Only when the fretting stroke further increased to a higher value of 70 μm at 50 N, fretting could enter the gross slip regime. There was low wear volume and a high friction coefficient when fretting was in the partial slip regime, because oil penetration was poor. The wear mechanisms were fatigue damage and plastic deformation. There was high wear volume and low friction coefficient when fretting was in the gross slip regime, because the oil could penetrate into the contact surfaces. Unlike the wear mechanisms in the partial slip regime, fretting damage of 304 stainless steels was mainly caused by abrasive wear in the gross slip regime.     

An investigation of fretting behaviour of several metallic materials under grease lubrication

Fretting wear tests under grease lubrication have been carried out on an aluminium alloy, 52100 steel and low-alloy steel. The sphere–flat contact configuration is used. The influence of the displacement amplitude and normal load is investigated. Comparison between dry and lubricated contact of aluminium alloy, between 52100/52100 steel and 52100/low-alloy steel contact with grease lubrication has been carried out. Results show that grease lubrication strongly affects fretting behaviour. Base oil that separated from the grease during friction may result in accelerated contact wear by fretting.     

TiAlZr合金微动磨损性能研究

采用高精度液压式微动磨损试验机研究了TiA lZr合金在不同微动运行区域的微动磨损行为,建立了其运行工况微动图。试验结果表明:滑移区、混合区和部分滑移区的摩擦因数随循环次数变化呈现不同的规律,其中部分滑移区摩擦因数较低,磨损体积随着位移幅值的增大而增大;滑移区、混合区磨损体积随着法向载荷的增加而增大,而部分滑移区磨损体积随着法向载荷的增加而减小;滑移区磨屑堆积于中心区域,磨损以磨粒磨损和剥层机制为主;混合区磨损机制主要表现为粘着磨损与磨粒磨损并存;部分滑移区磨损轻微。     

不同润滑介质下GCr15/45#钢摩擦磨损特性的研究

利用DELTALAB-NENEDS20型高精度液压式微动试验机在干摩擦、水润滑和油润滑等条件下，对GCr15／45#钢进行了微动磨损实验，研究了润滑条件对GCr15／45#钢对摩时的摩擦学性能的影响，并利用激光共焦显微镜对45#钢的磨损表面进行了观察和分析。结果表明润滑介质可以降低摩擦副摩擦因数和45#钢的磨损量；材料的磨损机制也随着润滑条件的不同发生了相应的变化。     

An experimental study torsional fretting behaviors of LZ50 steel

Four simple fretting modes are defined according to relative motion: tangential, radial, rotational, and torsional fretting. This paper presents a new test rig that was developed from a low-speed reciprocating rotary system to show torsional fretting wear under ball-on-flat contact. Torsional fretting behavior was investigated for LZ50 steel flats against AISI52100 steel balls under various angular displacement amplitudes and normal loads. The friction torques and dissipation energy were analyzed in detail. Two types of T–θ curves in the shape of quasi-parallelograms and ellipticals were found that correspond to gross and partial slips, respectively. The experimental results showed that the dynamic behavior and damage processes depend strongly on the normal loads, angular displacement amplitudes, and cycles. In this paper, the debris and oxidation behaviors and detachment of particles in partial and gross slip regimes are also discussed. Debris and oxidation are shown to have important roles during the torsional fretting processes. The wear mechanism of torsional fretting was a combination of abrasive and oxidative wear and delamination before third-body bed formation. The mechanism was then transformed into third-body wear after a great amount of debris formed.     

聚四氟乙烯基粘结固体润滑涂层微动磨损性能研究

在不同位移幅值与载荷条件下研究了酚醛环氧粘结聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)基固体润滑涂层的微动磨损特性，并利用扫描电子显微镜、表面轮廓仪和傅里叶表面红外仪等对涂层磨斑进行分析。结果表明，粘结PTFE基涂层具有良好的抗微动损伤性能，随循环次数的变化只存在部分滑移区和滑移区，部分滑移区的损伤轻微，滑移区的损伤强烈依赖于栽荷，其损伤与PTFE分子链在往复交变载荷作用下的疲劳断裂相关。     

Nanoscale fretting wear study by scanning probe microscopy

Nanoscale fretting wear was studied by using scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and a newly proposed unified approach of slip index. The production of SiO₂ colloidal probes and the SPM calibration are described. Partial and gross slip fretting with displacement amplitudes from 5 to 500 nm were used for the study. Friction coefficient and nanowear results are presented showing a substantial increase of the friction at the transition from partial to gross slip and a significant difference between damaged surfaces in the two fretting regimes.     

Fretting Wear Behavior of Medium Carbon Steel Modified by Low Temperature Gas Multi-component Thermo-chemical Treatment

The introduction of surface engineering is expected to be an effective strategy against fretting damage. A large number of studies show that the low gas multi-component (such as carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen, etc) thermo-chemical treatment(LTGMTT) can overcome the brittleness of nitriding process, and upgrade the surface hardness and improve the wear resistance and fatigue properties of the work-pieces significantly. However, there are few reports on the anti-fretting properties of the LTGMTT modified layer up to now, which limits the applications of fretting. So this paper discusses the fretting wear behavior of modified layer on the surface of LZ50 (0.48%C) steel prepared by low temperature gas multi-component thermo-chemical treatment (LTGMTT) technology. The fretting wear tests of the modified layer flat specimens and its substrate (LZ50 steel) against 52100 steel balls with diameter of 40 mm are carried out under normal load of 150 N and displacement amplitudes varied from 2 μm to 40 μm. Characterization of the modified layer and dynamic analyses in combination with microscopic examinations were performed through the means of scanning electron microscope(SEM), optical microscope(OM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and surface profilometer. The experimental results showed that the modified layer with a total thickness of 60 μm was consisted of three parts, i.e., loose layer, compound layer and diffusion layer. Compared with the substrate, the range of the mixed fretting regime(MFR) of the LTGMTT modified layer diminished, and the slip regime(SR) of the modified layer shifted to the direction of smaller displacement amplitude. The coefficient of friction(COF) of the modified layer was lower than that of the substrate in the initial stage. For the modified layer, the damage in partial slip regime(PSR) was very slight. The fretting wear mechanism of the modified layer both in MFR and SR was abrasive wear and delamination. The modified layer presented better wear resistance than the substrate in PSR and MFR; however, in SR, the wear resistance of the modified layer decreased with the increase of the displacement amplitudes. The experimental results can provide some experimental bases for promoting industrial application of LTGMTT modified layer in anti-fretting wear.