The analysis of an experimental job evaluation system as applied to enlisted naval jobs.

Asample of 103 enlisted naval jobs was evaluated on a 13-factor experimental job evaluation system. For a criterion measure, the jobs were independently ranked on overall difficulty and responsibility. Using the Wherry-Doolittle test selection method on a subsample of 58 jobs, five factors were selected that gave a shrunken multiple R of .968 with the criterion. On a hold-out sample, the prediction equation gave criterion scale values that correlated .937 with the actual criterion scale values. It is suggested that, in the absence of any 'true' criterion of naval job values, overall judgments may well be accepted as a criterion of use in job evaluation research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

涂覆制坯对不锈钢/低合金钢复合界面影响

 为探究涂覆铁钴镍夹层法制备不锈钢/低碳钢复合板坯对复合板界面洁净度的影响,运用Procast仿真软件,利用正交试验法,确立夹层涂覆优选工艺参数。依据仿真结果制备带涂覆夹层复合板坯,通过与固态夹层嵌入法制得复合板坯对比,分析不同组坯方式对轧制成形后微观组织和力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,两类组坯方式的复合板夹层均可阻隔碳、铬元素扩散,试样拉剪强度符合相关标准要求;涂覆法较嵌入法能明显提升阻隔铬元素扩散能力,获得更平直的结合界面,夹杂物和氧化物含量也能得到不同程度的改善,其中涂覆法氧元素质量分数(4.1%)显著低于嵌入法(11.1%),涂覆法拉剪强度(531 MPa)高于嵌入法(503 MPa)。     

Thermal shock behavior of a three-dimensional SiC/SiC composite

Thermal shock behavior of a three-dimensional (3-D) SiC/SiC composite was studied using the water-quenched method. Thermal shock damage of the composite was assessed by scanning electron microscopy characterization and residual three-point-bending strength. In the thermal shock process, the composite displayed the same bending mechanical behaviors as those of the original composite and retained 80 pct of the original strength in the longitudinal direction after being quenched from 1200°C to 25°C in water for 100 cycles. However, the composite displayed anisotropy in resistance to thermal shock damage. The observed microdamage processes were as follows: (1) formation of micropores and long crack, (2) transfer and growth of pores, (3) saturation of the dimension and the density of pores, and (4) accelerated growth of the long crack along the longitudinal direction. The critical thermal shock number for the composite was about 50. When thermal shock was less than 50 cycles, the residual flexural strength of the composite decreased with thermal shock cycles increasing. When the number was greater than 50, the strength of the composite did not decrease further.     

Room-temperature tensile and high-cycle-fatigue strength of fine TiB particulate-reinforced Ti-22Al-27Nb composites

To further improve the mechanical properties of a Ti-22Al-27Nb (mol pct) alloy, based on the ordered orthorhombic Ti₂AlNb (O phase), a TiB particulate-reinforced Ti-22Al-27Nb matrix composite was prepared using the gas-atomized powder metallurgy method. Because of the rapid solidification during the gas atomization process, the TiB particulates dispersed in the composite were extremely fine, with an average diameter of less than 1 μm and lengths ranging up to 5 μm. This composite (PM composite) showed higher tensile and high-cycle-fatigue properties at room temperature than both an unreinforced Ti-22Al-27Nb matrix alloy and a Ti-22Al-27Nb/TiB composite produced using a conventional ingot metallurgy method (IM composite) with relatively coarse (average diameter 5 μm and average length 40 μm) TiB particulates. These coarse TiB particulates in the IM composite were thought to provide only classical composite strengthening effects. On the other hand, the fine TiB particulates in the PM composite showed additional effects, such as blocking the movement of dislocations.     

烧结温度对石墨/铜复合材料微观组织与性能的影响

通过超声波分散结合机械球磨湿磨法对铜粉和石墨粉进行混料,利用放电等离子烧结（SPS）技术制备石墨/铜复合材料。运用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和电导仪等表征手段,研究了烧结温度对石墨/铜复合材料的微观组织与性能的影响。结果表明:超声波分散和机械球磨湿磨法可使石墨均匀分散于铜基体,并与铜基体形成良好的界面结合。当烧结温度从700 ℃升高到750 ℃,石墨/铜复合材料的相对密度、维氏硬度、抗压强度和电导率分别提高了1.6%,6.7%,11.3%和5.3%;当烧结温度从750 ℃升高至900 ℃时,其相对密度、维氏硬度、抗压强度和电导率均呈现下降趋势。当烧结温度为750 ℃时,石墨/铜复合材料组织均匀致密,平均晶粒尺寸约为6.4 μm,相对密度为96.3%,维氏硬度（HV_0.5）为60.7,抗压强度为422 MPa、电导率为86.7%IACS,综合性能较优。      

SiC纤维增强TB8复合材料工艺对组织影响规律

通过箔-纤维-箔法制备了SiC纤维增强TB8复合材料，采用光学电子显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）和电子探针（EPMA）对复合材料的微观组织进行表征与分析，研究了真空热压复合时压力、温度和时间等工艺参数对SiC纤维增强TB8复合材料微观组织的影响规律。结果表明：压力显著地影响着复合材料基体与基体以及纤维与基体的结合，而温度对纤维基体界面反应情况影响较大。通过热压工艺的优化，可以有效控制界面反应层厚度，获得组织优良的SiCf/ TB8复合材料。     

热压工艺对SiC纤维增强TB8复合材料组织影响研究

通过箔-纤维-箔法制备了SiC纤维增强TB8复合材料,采用光学电子显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电子探针(EPMA)对复合材料的微观组织进行表征与分析,研究了真空热压复合时压力、温度和时间工艺参数对SiC纤维增强TB8复合材料微观组织的影响规律。结果表明:压力对复合材料基体与基体以及纤维与基体的结合有着显著影响,而温度对纤维与基体界面反应层影响较大。通过热压工艺的优化,可以有效控制界面反应层厚度,获得组织优良的SiC f/TB8复合材料。     

A comparative study of formaldehyde and carbon monoxide complete oxidation on MnOx-CeO2 catalysts

MnOx-CeO2 composite catalysts were prepared by a coprecipitation method and tested for formaldehyde (HCHO) and carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation. X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that the average oxidation state of surface Mn species in CeMn composite catalyst was higher compared to the pure MnOx. The enhancement of reactivity for HCHO oxidation was due to the activation of the lattice oxygen species in MnOx by the addition of CeO2, which was confirmed by the H2 temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) results. The remarkable enhancement of reactivity for CO oxidation by the addition of CeO2 was due to the active oxygen species generated on the CeO2 surface which directly participated in the reaction.     

Parameter Identification Procedure for Heterogeneous Viscoelastic Composites Using Iterative Functions

This paper presents a new numerical procedure for the determination of the viscoelastic compliance properties of a matrix phase from a simple three-point bending test on a composite beam. The composite is modeled as elastic inclusions randomly dispersed throughout a viscoelastic matrix. It is also assumed that the spatial distribution of the inclusions in the composite is known or can be determined. Zevin’s method of iterative functions is proposed for the determination of the matrix properties. Following a detailed explanation of the proposed scheme, a numerical verification is performed using three-dimensional finite-element (FE) analysis simulations. The proposed scheme was applied to the experimentally obtained creep compliance of the asphalt concrete beam. The obtained viscoelastic properties of the asphalt binder matrix phase were used as input into the FE model to simulate the behavior of the composite beam. An excellent comparison between the experimental data and the predicted beam deflections was observed. This shows that the proposed method is robust and it can be implemented to solve identification problems for viscoelastic composite materials.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定硼钛复合材料中硼

硼钛复合材料中硼含量多少关系到增强相(BTi)占比,直接影响硼钛复合材料各项机械性能。故硼测定结果对硼钛复合材料研究有重要意义。实验提出采用硫酸(1+1)分解样品,选择B 208.890nm作为分析线,采用基体匹配法绘制校准曲线消除基体效应的影响,使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定硼钛复合材料中硼。通过条件试验优化仪器的工作条件为发生器功率1.2kW和雾化气压力0.23MPa。硼质量浓度在5.00~50.0μg/mL范围内与其发射强度呈线性关系,线性相关系数大于0.999;方法检出限为0.00045%,测定下限为0.0015%。按照实验方法分别测定5种硼钛复合材料中硼,其结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为0.44%~0.68%,加标回收率为94%~103%。     

Distant Damage-Assessment Method for Multilayer Composite Systems Using Electromagnetic Waves

In this paper, a damage assessment method for remotely inspecting the near-surface condition of multilayer composite systems is proposed. The method utilizes far-field steady-state electromagnetic waves reflected from the surface of multilayer composite systems and generates the in-depth profile of the inspected composite systems using inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging technique. Spatial imagery of the system can be reconstructed with the structural and geometric features of the multilayer system. These features are revealed by discrete scatterers in the imagery. Reconstructed imagery can be used for detecting construction defects and structural damages in the near-surface region of the system. The theoretical background of the method is described, followed by experimental measurements on glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP)-confined concrete cylinders with an artificial defect as an example of multilayer composite systems. Continuous waves in the frequency range of 8 to 12?GHz were used. The imaging results show that the proposed method can reveal the location and size of the embedded defect in the GFRP-concrete composite system, indicating the potential use of the method as a basis for distant radar/microwave nondestructive testing/evaluation techniques in civil engineering.     

Study on preparation and properties of CeO2/epoxy resin composite coating on sintered NdFeB magnet

The CeO₂/epoxy resin composite coating was deposited on NdFeB substrate by cathode electrophoresis method for enhancing the anticorrosion and anti-wear performances. The morphologies and structures were characterized by a scanning electron microscope and an X-ray diffractometer. The micro hardness of the composite coating was evaluated by a microhardness tester. The corrosive behaviors of the coatings were studied by potentiodynamic polarization curve, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and neutral salt spray tests. The concentration of CeO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) in the electrophoresis bath was optimized according to the coating structures and anticorrosion performances. The results show that CeO₂ NPs can enhance the microhardness of the composite coatings. Moreover, the nanoparticles disperse uniformly in the matrix when the concentration is lower than 30 g/L. The microhardness of CeO₂/epoxy resin (30 g/L) composite coating is about 63% higher than that of the blank epoxy resin coating. And the NSS time of the CeO₂/epoxy resin (30 g/L) composite coated sample can reach 1248 h. Meanwhile, the composite coatings possess no deteriorate influence on the magnetic properties of NdFeB substrates. The anticorrosion mechanisms of the composite coatings on the NdFeB substrate are deeply discussed.     

三价铬超声-脉冲电沉积Fe-Ni-Cr/SiC纳米复合镀层

利用超声-脉冲复合电沉积法,在三价铬镀液体系中,添加羧酸盐-尿素配合剂和SiC纳米颗粒,制备了Fe-Ni-Cr/SiC纳米复合镀层.研究了超声-脉冲工艺参数与SiC纳米粒子复合量、Cr含量及镀层厚度的关系;利用稳态极化曲线和循环伏安法分析了超声波对阴极电化学行为的影响.结果表明,超声-脉冲作用均有利于基质金属Fe、Ni和Cr的电沉积,提高了镀层中SiC和Cr的含量以及镀层的厚度.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和能谱仪对Fe-Ni-Cr/SiC纳米复合镀层的表面形貌、微观结构和组成等进行表征,发现采用该技术可制备厚度为23.56μm,SiC和Cr质量分数分别为4.1%和25.1%的Fe-Ni-Cr/SiC纳米复合镀层.磨损量和腐蚀曲线测试结果表明,SiC含量高的复合镀层,其耐磨性和耐蚀性更好.      

Influences of matrix ductility,interfacial bonding strength,and fiber volume fraction on tensile strength of unidirectional metal matrix composite

A trial to predict the influences of ductility of matrix, interfacial bonding strength, and volume fraction of fiber on the tensile strength of unidirectional metal matrix composites was attempted by means of a Monte Carlo computer simulation method. The main results are summarized as follows. (1) The strength of strongly bonded composites increased with increasing ductility of matrix and then remained nearly constant. (2) When the matrix was ductile, the strength of composite increased with increasing interfacial bonding strength and then remained nearly constant. When the matrix was not ductile, the strength increased but then decreased with interfacial bonding strength. In this case, there was an optimum bonding strength, for which the strength of composite was highest. (3) Concerning the strength of composite as a function of volume fraction of fiber, there arose the case where it is approximately described by the rule of mixtures and also the case where it is not described by this rule, depending on the ductility of matrix, interfacial bonding strength, and scatter of strength of fiber.     

石墨烯复合气凝胶的制备及其在重金属离子处理中的应用

石墨烯复合气凝胶是以（氧化）石墨烯为主体形成的三维网状交联的多孔材料,因其具有超高的比表面积、良好的结构稳定性、优异的机械性能以及独特的网状交联结构,被广泛应用于废水处理。追踪国内外的相关研究进展,系统介绍了水热还原法、化学交联法、自组装法和模板法制备石墨烯复合气凝胶的方法,并对其优缺点进行对比。重点论述了石墨烯复合气凝胶在重金属离子吸附方面的应用,并对其在大规模生产和实际应用中存在的问题及研究前景进行展望。     

铝管表面硅烷稀土复合膜的制备及性能研究

在60℃时采用浸渍法制备硅烷稀土复合膜,通过先在试样表面自组装一层γ-氨丙基三乙氧基(γ-APS)硅烷薄膜,再在膜上沉积稀土铈转化膜制得硅烷稀土复合膜。采用电化学、失重和盐雾实验对铝管表面硅烷稀土复合膜的耐蚀性进行考察。线性电位扫描、Tafel曲线和交流阻抗(EIS)的结果均表明其耐蚀性与空白样相比,极化电阻和自腐蚀电流均提高了两个数量级,阻抗阻值提高了2倍;盐雾实验结果也表明其抗蚀能力提高了3倍;SEM显示其复合膜层均匀致密,EDS检测分析表明复合膜主要由N,O,Si,Al和Ce等元素组成;初步探讨了复合膜的耐蚀机制。     

Repair of Wood Piles Using Prefabricated Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Shells

An effective method for combined environmental protection and structural restoration of wood piles in waterfront facilities is not available. The objective of the study presented in this paper is to survey the available methods for wood pile protection and structural restoration with the intent of developing an effective method. In addition to reviewing the available repair methods, a field inspection of a harbor in Maine was conducted to assess existing technologies. A wood pile repair method that utilizes bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite shells and a grouting material is proposed. Fiber, resin, adhesive, coating, and grouting materials are systematically analyzed to deliver the required system performance. Two fabrication methods for the FRP composite shells are discussed based on the experience gained in the fabrication of laboratory prototypes. Then a step-by-step procedure amenable for field installation is proposed, and a preliminary cost analysis is conducted to assess the feasibility of the proposed system.     

Identification of unique cultural response patterns by means of item response theory.

An item response theory (IRT) analysis was used to identify unique cultural response patterns by comparing single-culture groups with a multicultural composite. A survey designed to measure attitudes toward mental health was administered in their native languages to American, German, and French working, retired, and student teachers. Item characteristic curves (ICCs) for each national group were compared with ICCs generated by composite reference containing all 3 cultural groups, thus providing an omnicultural reference point. Items that exhibited differential item functioning, that is, items with dissimilar ICCs for the composite reference and focal groups, were indicative of unique cultural response patterns to the attitude survey items. The advantages and disadvantages of this method in an IRT are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Polymerization contraction stress in thin resin composite layers as a function of layer thickness

OBJECTIVES: In the present study, the effect of layer thickness on the curing stress in thin resin composite layers was investigated. Since the value of the contraction stress is dependent on the compliance of the measuring equipment (especially for thin films), a method to determine the compliance of the test apparatus was tested. METHODS: A chemically initiated resin composite (Clearfil F2, Kuraray) was inserted between two sandblasted and silane-coated stainless steel discs in a tensilometer. The curing contraction of the cylindrical samples was continuously counteracted by feedback displacement of the tensilometer crosshead, and the curing stress development was registered. After 20 min, the samples were loaded in tension until fracture. The curing stress was determined for layer thicknesses of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 microns, 1.4 mm and 2.7 mm. The compliance of the apparatus was calculated with the aid of a non-linear regression analysis, using an equation derived from Hooke's Law as the model. RESULTS: None of the samples fractured due to contraction stress prior to tensile loading. The contraction stress after 20 min decreased from 23.3 +/- 5.3 MPa for the 50 microns layer to 5.5 +/- 0.6 MPa for the 2.7 mm layer. The compliance on the apparatus was 0.029 mm/MPa. SIGNIFICANCE: A measuring method was developed which was found to be suitable for the determination of axial polymerization contraction stress in this films of chemically initiated resin composites. The method makes it possible to estimate the stress levels that occur in resin composite films in the clinical situation.     

Optimisation of mechanical milling process for production of AA 7075/(SiC or TiB2) composite powders

Abstract

The present work concerns the processing of composite powders based on 7075 aluminium alloy by mechanical milling. A premixed powder (Alumix 431D, Ecka Granules, Germany) was used as the matrix material, and two different ceramic reinforcements (SiC and TiB₂) were chosen as reinforcements. The main objective was to evaluate the effect of the content and addition method of the process control agent as well as the content and type of reinforcement on the microstructural and morphological evolutions of the powder particles during milling process and the as milled properties of the processed materials. Results showed that regardless of the starting composition, alloying took place through three stages, in which deformation, cold welding and fracturing of powder particles were the main mechanisms involved respectively. The mechanically milled composite powders showed a fine and homogenous distribution of reinforcement particles. A higher content of reinforcement resulted in a lower crystalline size for the milled powders (～18 nm for composite powders containing 15 vol.-% ceramic particles).