氧化聚乙烯蜡乳液的制备及在皮革涂饰中的应用

采用相转变法对氧化聚乙烯蜡进行乳化制备氧化聚乙烯蜡乳液用于皮革涂饰。考查了乳化剂种类、用量、乳化温度及机械搅拌速度等主要因素对乳化效果的影响。结果表明:使用的乳化剂体系为OS-15与K-12或OS-15与1631,质量比分别为m(OS-15)∶m(K-12)=1∶3或m(OS-15)∶m(1631)=1∶1,其总用量分别为氧化聚乙烯蜡质量的10%和20%,乳化温度为90~95℃,机械搅拌速度为500~1000 r/min,可制备出均一稳定的氧化聚乙烯蜡乳液。皮革涂饰表明:使用氧化聚乙烯蜡乳液的涂层蜡感及润感较强,可增强皮革的真皮感效应,适用于软革的涂饰。     

氧化改性聚乙烯蜡微乳液的制备及应用

以高密度氧化改性聚乙烯蜡Hi-Wax 4051 E为原料,采用直接高温高压密闭乳化法制备氧化改性聚乙烯蜡微乳液。探讨了乳化剂配比和总用量、乳化时间及乳化温度等因素对乳液性能的影响。优化的乳化工艺为:乳化剂总用量30%(相对氧化聚乙烯蜡质量,其中异构脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚A与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚B的质量比为1∶1),快速升温到130℃,以一定的速度恒温搅拌乳化30min。制备的微乳液与聚氨酯并用,可提高针织物的抗起毛起球性;单独使用,可提升针织物的顶破强力。     

酰胺醚SME15在氧化聚乙烯蜡乳液制备中的应用

采用相转变法和复合乳化体系对氧化聚乙烯蜡进行乳化,制备了稳定的氧化聚乙烯蜡乳液.结果表明:乳化剂的种类、用量、乳化温度以及剪切搅拌速度等因素对乳液性能有很大的影响.实验优化的乳化条件是:SME15用量为氧化聚乙烯蜡质量的10%,复合的乳化剂体系为m(SME)∶m(1631)=1∶3,总用量为氧化聚乙烯蜡质量的10%;或复合乳化体系为m(SME)∶m(K-12)=1∶3,总用量为氧化聚乙烯蜡质量的10%,乳化温度为90～95℃,在500～800r/min的转速下连续剪切分散40～60min.     

酰胺醚SME15在氧化聚乙烯蜡乳液制备中的应用

采用相转变法和复合乳化体系对氧化聚乙烯蜡进行乳化,制备了稳定的氧化聚乙烯蜡乳液。结果表明：乳化剂的种类、用量、乳化温度以及剪切搅拌速度等因素对乳液性能有很大的影响。实验优化的乳化条件是：SME15用量为氧化聚乙烯蜡质量的10%,复合的乳化剂体系为m（SME）∶m（1631）=1∶3,总用量为氧化聚乙烯蜡质量的10%;或复合乳化体系为m（SME）∶m（K-12）=1∶3,总用量为氧化聚乙烯蜡质量的10%,乳化温度为90-95℃,在500-800 r/min的转速下连续剪切分散40-60 min。     

聚乙烯蜡超细微乳液的制备及其性能研究

以聚乙烯蜡6 100为原料,采用直接高温高压法制备聚乙烯蜡微乳液;系统研究了乳化剂HLB值、乳化剂用量、乳化时间、乳化温度、pH、搅拌速度等因素对聚乙烯蜡乳液性能的影响,并分别采用场发射透射电子显微镜(FE-TEM)和激光动态光散射仪(DLS)等研究了乳液微粒形态、粒径及其分布.结果表明,适宜的乳化工艺条件:复合乳化剂的HLB为14.8,复合乳化剂用量为6.4%,乳化时间为40 min,乳化温度为130℃,搅拌速度为60 r/min,pH=8.在该条件下可制得固含量高达40%、平均粒径为50 nm、具有良好稳定性和分散性的聚乙烯蜡超细微乳液,该乳液可以赋予织物柔软丰满的手感,减少织物表面摩擦阻力,显著改善织物的可缝纫性等.     

改性石蜡乳液的制备及在纸张表面施胶中的应用

本研究利用氧化聚乙烯蜡对58号石蜡进行物理改性,联合乳化剂OP-10 制备出性能稳定的改性石蜡乳液,探讨了配方组成和乳化工艺对乳液性能的影响,并评价了改性石蜡乳液对纸张的表面施胶效果。结果表明,在乳液固含量为30%,乳化剂用量为7%,m(58号石蜡)∶m(氧化聚乙烯蜡)＝21∶2、搅拌速度1000 r/min、乳化温度70℃、乳化时间4 min的条件下,改性石蜡乳液的固含量、粒度和稳定性等各项指标明显优于常规石蜡乳液。经改性石蜡乳液表面施胶的纸张施胶度为1.5 mm,180 s后润湿角下降1.35º;且与未施胶纸相比,纸张抗张指数和耐破指数分别提高了8.84%和15.56%;表明改性石蜡乳液是一种优良的纸张施胶剂。     

聚乙烯乳液柔软剂的进展

制备聚乙烯（PE）乳液柔软剂的方法有乙烯乳液聚合、高压聚乙烯的裂解和氧化、高压聚乙烯直接氧化和氧化聚乙烯的乳化四种。聚乙烯乳液的离子型取决于所用乳化剂的离子属性,一般使用非离子乳化剂。PE乳液产品的浓度国外一般为 20～25％,国内通常为18％。PE乳液可与各种阴、阳离子助剂、柔软剂同浴使用,不发生对抗性沉淀,在后整理中,绝大多数与其他柔软剂复配混合作用。     

皮革水性变色蜡乳液的制备

本文以石蜡为原料,探讨了配方中乳化剂的用量、乳化HLB值对蜡乳液变色效果的影响,乳化剂的种类、助乳化剂的用量等影响蜡乳液稳定性的因素,树脂及硅油对水性变色蜡乳液的影响,最终制备出质量稳定、应用效果好的水性变色蜡乳液。     

MP─Ⅰ改性石蜡皮革涂饰填料的研制

本文研究了固体石蜡改性及改性石蜡乳化的原理、方法及工艺。石蜡经氧化和酯化两步改性后具有乳化性，可赋予皮革较好的柔软性、油润感。将多种表面活性剂和乳化剂、助剂复配成高效乳化剂，并采用在油中转相技术得到Ｏ／Ｗ型改性石蜡乳液。该蜡乳液系软蜡乳液，对坯革具有较好的填充作用，特别适于各种革的底层涂饰，使成革具有柔软而自然的油蜡感，而且价格便宜。     

氧化聚乙烯复合乳液的制备及其应用

以氧化聚乙烯为原料,用石蜡和液态萜烯树脂等材料复合改性,采用常压熔融逆转乳化工艺制备了一种O/W型氧化聚乙烯复合乳液,并探讨了其制备工艺条件和乳化剂的选用。制得的该乳液性能优良,适用于作纸品上光防潮涂料、造纸剥离剂和造纸施胶剂。     

石蜡乳液的乳化工艺及优化

研究用于提高育果袋纸抗水性能的石蜡乳液的乳化工艺,并对其进行了优化。最佳的乳化工艺为:乳化温度85～90℃,乳化时间30～40min,搅拌速度600～800r·min-1;优化配方为:石蜡100份,硬脂酸31份,硼砂9份以及纯碱2份。     

Optimization of Enzymatic Scouring

SUMMARY

Factors which should be considered for optimal enzymatic scouring were investigated in the present work. Enzymatic scouring was performed in two different pHs at various temperatures for various times with several surfactants. In addition, the effect of a chelating agent on enzymatic scouring was investigated as well. The degree of scouring was measured with an absorbency of treated fabrics using the Gravimetric Absorbency Testing System and compared with a water-drop test. The most important factors to achieve satisfactory absorbency were emulsification step and type of surfactant. Although the enzymatic action is completed at an optimum temperature of the enzyme, the wax removal would not be accomplished without an emulsification procedure at a high temperature over 80°C, which is the melting temperature of waxes.     

果胶酶精练乳化工艺及其对棉织物精练效果的影响

采用碱性果胶酶Bioperp^TM对纯棉织物进行精练加工，测定了在不同乳化工艺下织物上蜡质及果胶质质量分数的变化及处理后棉织物的各种性能，得到了乳化工艺与精练织物上的杂质质量分数及其主要性能间的关系．试验结果表明：果胶酶精练工艺中，乳化加工是影响棉织物精练效果的关键因素．在乳化剂用量一定的情况下，果胶质的去除率会影响到蜡质的去除率，两者成反比关系．     

Flocculation and coalescence in water-in-oil emulsions stabilized by paraffin wax crystals

Water-in-mineral oil emulsions were prepared with small amounts of paraffin wax (0–2% w/w) added to the continuous phase, either by addition of pre-crystallized wax to the emulsion prior to emulsification or via subsequent quench-cooling of wax crystals in situ. Stability of the emulsions was examined using pulsed NMR droplet-size analysis, sedimentation and microscopy. Both pre and post-crystallized wax decreased the degree of droplet coalescence, however, emulsions made with post-crystallized wax were more stable over a 10-day period. Microscopy showed that visible crystals were strictly associated with droplets and droplet clusters indicating an affinity of the crystals to the interface. The incorporation of as little as 0.125% wax resulted in a notable decrease in emulsion sedimentation. After 24 days of storage, samples prepared with post-crystallized wax showed no sedimentation or flocculation, unlike pre-crystallized samples which were still somewhat destabilized despite the presence of as much as 2% wax. From these findings, rapid crystallization of wax in the continuous phase of a water-in-oil emulsion following emulsification is an effective means of enhancing long-term stability.     

氧化改性聚乙烯蜡微乳液在羊毛针织物抗起毛起球整理中的应用

采用氧化改性聚乙烯蜡乳液与聚氨酯协同作用应用于羊毛针织物抗起毛起球整理中。氧化改性聚乙烯蜡乳液具有润滑和降低摩擦因数的作用,且成膜均匀,覆盖性好,而且高密度氧化改性聚乙烯蜡的分子量相对较大、熔化点高,还有优良的耐磨损性和耐洗涤性。经其整理后的织物不仅具有优异的抗起毛起球性能(达4～5级),且手感软滑,顶破强力有所提高。     

Use of wax emulsions for improvement of wood durability and sorption properties

Waxes are used for treatment of wood surfaces for several decades predominately as surface treatments because they weakly penetrate into the wood. In order to overcome this issue, water emulsions were applied in the present experiment. Five water emulsions of various concentrations were used, namely montan wax, polyethylene, ethylene copolymer and oxidized polyethylene wax. Performance of wax treated beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) against white rot, brown rot and blue stain fungi was tested. In parallel, sorption properties of wax treated wood were determined. The treated specimens were more resistant to wood decay fungi. Polyethylene and oxidized polyethylene wax were found to be particularly efficient. Although this treatment does not improve resistance to blue stain fungi, it reduces the sorption of water.