(MlMg)Ni_(4-x)Co_(0.7)Zn_x合金的储氢性能

研究了储氢合金(MlMg)Ni4-xCo0.7Znx(0≤x≤0.3)的气相储氢特性和电化学性能。结果表明,随着Zn含量的增加,合金吸、放氢(室温下)的平台压力降低,最大储氢量减少,分别从1.58%(x=0)减少到1.44%(x=0.2)、1.19%(x=0.3);合金的放电容量减少,分别从380mAh/g(x=0)减少到366mAh/g(x=0.1)、345mAh/g(x=0.2)、271mAh/g(x=0.3),但循环稳定性得到提高,经100次充放电循环后的容量衰减率从16%(x=0)降低到4%(x=0.3);适当控制Zn含量,既对合金的放电容量无大的影响,又可提高合金放电的稳定性,尤其是在大电流下放电的稳定性。     

La0．7Mg0．3Ni3．4-xCo0．6Mnx（x=0．0～0．5）贮氢电极合金的结构、储氢特性及电化学性能

La0．7Mg0．3Ni3．4-xCo0．6Mnx(x=0．0～0．5)合金主要由(La，Mg)Ni3相和LaNi5相构成，各相的晶胞参数和晶胞体积均随Mn含量的增加而增大。随Mn含量的增加，合金的放氢平衡压力从0．128MPa(x=0．0)下降到0．067MPa(x=0．5)，导致最大吸氢量从x=0．0时的1．19％(质量分数，下同)逐渐增加到x=0．4时的1．38％。合金的最大放电容量随Mn含量的增加首先从330．4mAh／g（x=0．0)增加到360．6mAh／g(x=0．4)，然后减小到346．9mAh／g(x=0．5)。随Mn替代量的增加，合金电极的高倍率放电能力先改善后降低，合金电极的表面反应阻抗先降低后升高，而氢的扩散系数先增加后减小，说明合金的电化学动力学性能首先提高然后降低。     

Ml1—xCax（Ni,Co,Al）5贮氢合金的电化学性能

本文初步研究了M11－xCax（Ni,Co,Al）5合金中Ca含量对金属氢化物（MH）电极的电化学性能和合金的平台压力的影响．实验结累表明随苦合金中Ca含量的增加。活化性能得到改善．但是电极的充放电循环稳定性却下降,特别当X≥0．2时、电极的循环稳定性明显下降．在x＝0．1时．合金电极具有最大的电化学放电容量331mAh·g－1（C／3,在1C,2C倍率放电条件下、x=0．1和x＝0．2的合金电极具有较好的高倍率放电性能．在x＜0．3时,合金的平台压力随着x值的增加而上升,但x＝0．4的合金平台压力比2＝0．3的合金平台压力略有降低     

热处理对La0．7Mg0．3Ni2．8Co0．5贮氢合金电化学性能的影响

La0．7Mg0．3Ni2．8Co0．5贮氢电极合金经过适当热处理后(1123K)，最大放电容量、循环稳定性、高倍率放电性能(HRD)、交换电流密度(I0)以及极限电流密度(IL)都有明显改善，铸态合金电极的最大放电容量为392mAh／g，放电电流密度，Id=2000mA／g时，HRD2000=74．0％，I0=266．7mA／g，IL=3425．5mA／g；经1123K保温8h退火的合金电极的最大放电容量提高到414mAh／g，HRD2000=76．2％，I0=407．9mA／g，IL=3753．6mA／g。X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明，衍射峰宽度随着退火温度的升高而变窄，其原因是合金经退火处理相结构的变化和成分的均匀化。     

低钴储氢合金Ml0．9Mg0．1Ni3．4Co0．3Al0．3电化学性能研究

为了降低AB5犁储氢合金的成本，对低钴的Ml0．9Mg0．1Ni3．4Co0．3Al0．3合金的组织结构和性能进行了研究，并与工业储氢合金MmNi3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3进行了对比。实验结果表明：此低钴合金是由LaNi5主相和LaNi3第二相构成。它们的储氢晕（ω,％）分别为1．36％和1．37％，最大放电容量分别为320mAh／g和324mAh／g，循环稳定性为：300次充放电循环后，2种合金剩余容晕都是88％。但Ml0．9Mg0．1Ni3．4Co0．3Al0．3的高倍率放电性能明显优于MmNi3．55Co0．75Mn0．4Al0.3合金。主要原因是由于LaNi3第二相的乍成不仪提高了合金颗粒表面的电化学催化活性，而且提高了结构韧性从而抵消了低钴合金颗粒粉化的不利影响。     

Al元素对储氢合金RE0．8Mg0．2（Ni0．85-xCo0．15Alx）3．5的结构及电化学性能的影响

用感应熔炼法制备了La0．5Pr0．2Nd0．1Mg0．2（Ni0．85-xCo0．15Alx）3．5（x=0．01-0．04）合金,并在氩气气氛下,用900℃退火处理。XRD分析表明,合金有两个主相：La2Ni,相和LaNi5相,晶轴比c／a随着Al含量的增大而增大。电化学测试表明,放电容量随着Al含量的增大而减小,由x=0．01时的394．6mAh／g下降到x=0．04时的380．6mAh／g,充放电循环衰减速率由x=0．01时的-0．32mAh／（g·cycle）降为x=0．04时的-0.20mAhl（g·cycle）,合金的倍率性能随着Al含量的增大而降低,当放电电流密度为1200mA／g时,高倍率性能由x=0．01时的61％降为x=0．04的35％。研究表明,当x≤0．02时不仅保持了合金的高容量,而且明显改善了合金的循环性能。     

少量Si对无钴AB5型储氢合金性能的影响

采用电弧熔炼制备了La(NiAlMn)5-xSix(0≤x≤0.35)合金.借助XRD,SEM等分析了La(NiAlMn)5-xSix储氢合金的晶体结构和相组成,并研究了合金的电化学性能.结果表明:当x≤0.3时合金由LaNi5单相组成;当x=0.35时合金由主相LaNi5和第二相LaNi3构成.随着Si含量的增加,合金储氢量和放电容量减少.但是循环稳定性得到了改善.经300次充放电循环,合金在x=0.35时的容量损失率为19.4%.这是因为Si的加入使得合金的抗氧化性,耐腐蚀性得到了改善.     

高性能纳米晶储氢合金的制备

用双辊快淬法得到晶粒尺寸小于50nm、由均匀CaCu5相组成的富铈稀土储氢合金，在200mA／g充放电条件下，合金放电比容量达到295mAh／g，经200循环后，容量衰减率为4．5％。将合金粉组装成AAA550型电池，在1C充放电条件下，经2次活化，比容量达到最大值547．4mAh／g，经95次循环后，容量衰减率为2．48％。     

碳纳米管对LaNi5稀土合金电化学性能的影响

采用LaNi5稀土合金作为催化剂，用化学气相沉积法(CVD)制备了碳纳米管。研究了含有5％碳纳米管的LaNi5稀土合金电极样品的电化学性能。测定了碳纳米管电极的电化学储氢性能。实验发现：含有碳纳米管的LaNi5稀土合金的电化学放电容量更高，当放电电流密度为100mA／g时，其电化学储氢量高达385mAh／g。其循环寿命也得到了较大改善。循环100次，放电容量仅下降15％。     

Sn替换Co对AB_5型La_(0.7)Mg_(0.3)Al_(0.3)Mn_(0.4)Co_(0.5-x)Sn_xNi_(3.8)(x=0-0.5)合金显微结构和电化学性能的影响（英文）

采用X射线衍射方法、压力-成分等温线、电化学放电循环研究了AB5型La0.7Mg0.3Al0.3Mn0.4Co0.5-xSnxNi3.8(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.5)合金中用Sn替换Co对其显微结构、储氢性能和电化学放电容量的影响。XRD、SEM及EDS测试结果表明,所有的合金都主要由La Ni5和Mg Ni2相组成,但随着合金中Sn含量的逐渐增加,出现LaNiSn相且显微结构得到细化。压力-成分等温线表明,随着合金中Sn含量的增加,合金的最大储氢容量从1.48%(x=0)降低到0.85%(x=0.5)。电化学测试结果表明,随着合金中Sn含量的增加,合金的最大放电容量从337.1 mA·h/g(x=0)降低到249.8 mA·h/g(x=0.5);充放电循环100次的放电容量保持率从70.2%(x=0)增加到78.0%(x=0.5)。     

Structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of TiOxNy/ZrOxNy multilayer coatings

Results on the deposition and characterization of TiO_xN_y/ZrO_xN_y multilayers, with bilayer periods of 20 and 400 nm, are presented. The coatings were deposited on TiNiNb alloy substrates by the pulsed magnetron sputtering method. The elemental composition, hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coatings were analyzed.As resulted from the XPS analysis, the individual layers consisted of a mixture of titanium or zirconium oxynitrides and corresponding oxides. X-ray analysis revealed that the coatings were amorphous. Only slight differences between the microhardness and adhesion values of the coatings with small and large bilayer period Λ were found. The experiments also showed that the multilayered coatings improved the corrosion resistance of the uncoated alloy and reduced the amount of ion release in artificial body fluids.     

生物医用NiTi形状记忆合金腐蚀研究进展

镍钛形状记忆合金(NiTi-SMA)具有较好的耐腐蚀和机械性能,在口腔和临床医学中有着大量而广泛的应用。NiTi-SMA腐蚀后释放Ni²⁺会引发细胞毒性和过敏反应,进一步提高NiTi-SMA的耐蚀性是目前生物医学材料领域发展的核心之一。本文对近年来国内外有关口腔医学和临床医学中常用NiTi-SMA的腐蚀研究现状进行了总结,同时也对NiTi-SMA增材制造及表面改性技术进行了评述,以期为开发高性能抗腐蚀生物医用NiTi-SMA提供一定的指导意义。     

Li掺杂Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3高熵陶瓷的制备及介电性能研究

近年来,在高熵合金基础上发展起来的高熵陶瓷逐渐引起了研究者的广泛关注,其出现为开发高性能的无机非金属材料提供了新的设计思路。本文采用固相法制备了BaMO3基钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3 (x = 0, 2.3%, 5.3%, 8.3%, 11.3%),并研究了Li含量对高熵陶瓷物相结构、微观形貌及介电性能的影响。结果表明,Li含量对陶瓷结构的影响不大,陶瓷均保持立方钙钛矿结构,且无杂相产生;陶瓷的晶粒尺寸相对较均匀。当x = 0时,即B位七元等摩尔比Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li1/7)O3高熵陶瓷,其介电常数达到了最大值2920 (@100 Hz),相较于已报道的不掺Li的六元高熵钙钛矿陶瓷Ba(Ti1/6Sn1/6Zr1/6Hf1/6Nb1/6Ga1/6)O3提升了近50倍。     

MOCVD growth and characterizations of BxAl1−xAs and BxAl1−x−yInyAs alloys

Zinc-blende B_xAl_1−xAs and B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs alloys have been grown on exactly oriented (0 0 1)GaAs substrates by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). The influence of susceptor coating, growth temperature and gas-phase boron mole fraction on boron incorporation into AlAs has been comprehensively investigated. It has been found that boron incorporation into AlAs could be enhanced and the optimal growth temperature range of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys changed from 580 °C to 610 °C when SiC-coated graphite susceptors were replaced by the non-coated ones. In this study, the maximum boron composition x of 2.8% was achieved for the pseudomorphically strained B_xAl_1−xAs alloys. AFM measurements show that RMS roughness of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys increased sharply with the increase of gas-phase boron mole fraction. Raman spectra of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys show a linear increase of the BAs shift with boron composition x. Based on BAlAs deposition, bulk B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs (x = 1.9%) quaternary alloy was grown lattice-matched to GaAs successfully. Moreover, 10-period BAlAs/GaAs and BAlInAs/GaAs MQW heterostructures were also demonstrated.     

Ag/LaNixCo1-xO3触点材料的制备及电接触性能研究

本文运用溶胶-凝胶燃烧法合成了双钙钛矿型LaNixCo1-xO3(LNCO)纳米材料,利用粉末冶金和热挤压技术制备了相应的Ag/LNCO触点材料及元件样品。重点考察了不同Ni、Co含量对Ag/LNCO触点材料微观结构、物相组成、物理性能、力学性能及电寿命服役能力的影响,对其电弧侵蚀失效行为进行了研究,并与SnO2粉体增强Ag基触点材料进行对比。结果表明:溶胶凝胶法合成的LNCO纳米颗粒粒径为20-30 nm,经粉末冶金工艺制备的Ag/LaNi0.5Co0.5O3触点材料电学性能和电寿命都优于Ag/SnO2触点材料,其电阻率低至2.10 μΩ?cm,电寿命性能达到51287次。表明Ag/LaNi0.5Co0.5O3触点材料性能较佳,是一种可以取代Ag/CdO的新型触点材料。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of superconductors Ba1−xKxBiO3 and double perovskites Ba1−xKxBi1−yNayO3

Superconductors Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ and body-centered double perovskites Ba_1−xK_xBi_1−yNa_yO₃ have been selectively synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route. The appropriate ratio and adding sequence of initial reagents, alkalinity, reaction temperature and time are the critical factors that influence the crystal growth of the compounds. The purity and homogeneity of the crystals were detected by the ICP, SEM, EDX and TEM studies. Magnetic measurements show that the superconducting transition temperatures T_C of Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ decrease from 22 K (for x = 0.35) to 8 K (for x = 0.55) with increasing the K doping level.     

Magnetic phase diagrams of the TbRh2−xPdxPdxSi2 and TbRu2−xPdxSi2 systems

The a.c. susceptibility and high field magnetization on TbRh_2−xPd_xPd_xSi₂ and TbRu_2−xPd_xSi₂ compounds were investigated up to 140 kOe. The (T,x) magnetic phase diagrams were determined. For both systems, an increase in the Pd content causes a decrease in the Néel temperature and changes the magnetization curves.     

High strength and good ductility of casting Al-Cu alloy modified by PrxOy and LaxOy

A modified Al-Cu alloy with high tensile strength and ductility of about 574.0 MPa and 10.4%, respectively, was obtained by adding multiple rare earth oxides (Pr_xO_y and La_xO_y) as modifier. Compared with the unmodified Al-Cu alloy, the tensile strength and ductility of the modified sample were increased by 24.3% and 42.5%, respectively. The improvement both in the strength and ductility may attribute to the finer crystal grains and dendrites, more homogeneously distributed θ′ phase precipitates and the intermetallic compounds formed at the crystal grain boundaries as well as in the space of the dendrites.     

Si3N4/Ti/Cu/Ni/Cu/Ti/Si3N4二次部分瞬间液相连接强度

采用Ti/Cu／Ni中间层对Si3N4陶瓷进行二次部分瞬间液相(PTLP)连接，研究连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni连接强度的影响，同时研究了连接强度随试验温度的变化规律。结果表明，在该试验条件下，室温连接强度随着二次连接温度的提高和二次保温时间的延长而提高，改变连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni二次PTLP连接界面反应层厚度无明显影响；连接强度在试验温度400℃时达到最大，随后随试验温度升高，连接强度降低，但在800℃前，其高温强度具有很好的稳定性。