头孢曲松钠与茜素的光度分析及应用

建立了测定头孢曲松钠的茜素分光光度法.在pH 6.5～9.0的条件下,茜素(ALZ)与头孢曲松钠(CEFT)反应生成具有正、负吸收峰的红色配合物,最大正吸收波长位于535 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε为1.87×104 L·mol-1·cm-1,线性范围为0.2～9.2 mg/L;最大负吸收波长位于445 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数(ε)为4.8×103 L·mol-1·cm-1,线性范围为0.2～8.3 mg/L.头孢曲松钠在一定浓度范围内遵从朗伯比尔定律.探讨了适宜的反应条件、主要分析化学性质及配合比.该法用于实际样品的测定,结果满意.     

双波长叠加紫外光度法测定SDBS

研究了硫酸耐尔蓝与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的反应,建立测定SDBS的双波长叠加紫外光度法。在pH=5.02缓冲溶液中,硫酸耐尔蓝与SDBS形成离子缔合物,在紫外区有正、负吸收峰,大正吸收波长位于304 nm,大负吸收波长位于280 nm,摩尔吸光系数分别为ε280为2.5×104L·mol-1·cm-1,ε304为2.2×104L·mol-1·cm-1,当用双波长叠加法时,ε280+304为4.7×104L·mol-1·cm-1,线性范围均为0.5~4 mg/L。研究了反应的适宜条件,用于环境水中SDBS的测定,回收率在98.9%~103.2%。     

加替沙星与亚甲基蓝的光度分析研究

研究了加替沙星与亚甲基蓝的显色反应,建立了测定加替沙星的单波长显色、退色可见分光光度法及双波长叠加可见分光光度法.在pH 2.5～6.5的酸性条件下,加替沙星(GATI)与亚甲基蓝(MTB)反应生成具有正吸收峰和负吸收峰的蓝色配合物,最大正吸收波长位于674 nm,最大负吸收波长位于646 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数(ε)分别为2.65×104L·mol-1·cm-1(正吸收)和1.36×104 L·mol-1·cm-1(负吸收),线性范围为0.2～17.0 mg/L(正吸收)和0.2～15.0 mg/L(负吸收),若采用双波长叠加测定,灵敏度将更高,加替沙星在一定浓度范围内遵从朗伯比尔定律.探讨了适宜的反应条件及主要分析化学性质.该法用于实际样品的测定,结果满意.     

维多利亚蓝B高灵敏分光光度法测定利血平的含量

研究了维多利亚蓝B与利血平的显色反应,建立了测定利血平的高灵敏分光光度法.在弱碱性条件下,利血平的水解产物和维多利亚蓝B形成具有正、负吸收峰的蓝色离子缔合物,最大正吸收波长位于612 nm,最大负吸收波长位于506 nm,线性范围为0～5.0 μg/mL(正吸收)和0～4.5 μg/mL(负吸收),表观摩尔吸光系数(ε)分别为2.26×105 L·mol-1·cm-1(正吸收)和9.09×104 L·mol-1·cm-1(负吸收).当用双波长叠加法时,ε值为3.20×105 L·mol-1·cm-1.探讨了适宜的反应条件、主要分析化学性质及方法的精密度和可靠性,并用正吸收法对市售利血平注射液中利血平含量进行了测定,结果满意.     

奈替米星与滂胺天蓝的光度分析及其应用

在pH 4.5~6.0的条件下,奈替米星(NTM)与滂胺天蓝(PSB)反应生成蓝色离子配合物,最大吸收波长为686 nm,最大负吸收波长620 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε为8.3×103(正吸收)和1.69×104(负吸收)L.mol-1.cm-1,采用双波长叠加法时,ε达2.54×104L.mol-1.cm-1。奈替米星在一定浓度范围内遵从比尔定律,据此建立了测定奈替米星的滂胺天蓝分光光度法,用于市售奈替米星药物中奈替米星含量的测定,结果满意。     

UV- Spectrophotometric Determination of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate with Thionin

研究硫堇与十二烷基苯磺酸钠的反应,建立测定十二烷基苯磺酸钠的紫外光度法.在pH=4.80缓冲溶液中,硫堇与十二烷基苯磺酸钠形成在紫外区有负吸收峰的离子缔合物,最大负吸收波长位于282 nm,吸光度差值与十二烷基苯磺酸钠浓度成正比,物质的量吸光系数为ε2.4 × 104L·mol-1·cm-1,线性范围为0.5 -6 mg/L.研究了反应的适宜条件,用于环境水中十二烷基苯磺酸钠的测定,回收率在98.5％-101.6％.     

孔雀石绿分光光度法测加替沙星的含量

研究了孔雀石绿与加替沙星的显色反应,建立了测定加替沙星的分光光度法.在pH 3.5～6.2的酸性条件下,孔雀石绿(MALA)与加替沙星(GATI)反应生成绿色配合物,最大吸收波长位于422 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε为3.68×104 L·mol-1·cm-1,线性范围在0.2～11.3 mg/L,加替沙星在一定浓度范围内遵从朗伯比尔定律.方法用于实际样品的测定,回收率为98.2%～100.6%.     

苯唑西林与甲基紫的退色反应及应用

在pH 8.6～9.9的条件下,苯唑西林(OXA)与甲基紫(MV)发生反应生成紫色离子缔合物,产生明显的退色现象,其最大和次大负吸收波长分别位于529和606 nm,线性范围均为0～4.1μg/mL,表观摩尔吸光系数(ε)分别为2.63×104L·mol-1·cm-1(λ=529 nm)和2.28×104 L·mol-1·cm-1(λ=606 nm),苯唑西林在一定浓度范围内服从比尔定律,据此建立了测定苯唑西林的退色分光光度法.用于市售苯唑西林药物中苯唑西林的测定,结果满意.     

金莲橙OO与链霉素的显色反应及应用

基于金莲橙OO(TPL)与链霉素(STM)在弱酸性条件下反应生成桔黄色离子缔合物,建立了测定链霉素的退色分光光度法.最大退色波长位于442 nm,线性范围为0.1～12.0 mg,/L,表观摩尔吸光系数ε为4.54×104 L·mol-1·cm-1,链霉素在一定浓度范围内遵从比尔定律.该法用于市售硫酸链霉素药物中链霉素含量的测定,回收率99.2%～100.4%.     

偶氮胂Ⅲ探针双波长可见吸收光谱法测定药物中乌拉地尔

在pH 7.93的弱碱性Tris-盐酸介质中,乌拉地尔与偶氮胂Ⅲ反应生成具有1个明显正吸收峰和1个明显负吸收峰的二元离子缔合物,最大正吸收峰位于629 nm,最大负吸收峰位于521 nm,其表观摩尔吸光系数(κ)分别为2.27×10~4L/(mol·cm)(629 nm)和1.81×10~4L/(mol·cm)(521 nm),当采用双波长可见吸收光谱法测定时,其表观摩尔吸光系数(κ)可达4.08×10~4L/(mol·cm),线性范围均为0.01~4.2 mg/L,服从朗伯-比尔定律,据此建立了测定乌拉地尔的双波长可见吸收光谱法。结果表明,该方法可用于市售乌拉地尔片剂和针剂药物中乌拉地尔含量的测定。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。