流体排布与介电电泳结合排列组装碳纳米管

流体排布和介电电泳是碳纳米管生长后排列组装的两种方法.流体排布可实现基片上较大范围的碳纳米管定向排列,且流体剪切力作用可将弯曲的碳纳米管在一定程度上拉直,但利用流体难以实现在特定位置组装碳纳米管.而介电电泳通过电极上不均匀电场实现碳纳米管在电极间沿电场方向的定向定位排列组装,介电电泳的不足之处在于电泳力难以将弯曲的碳纳米管拉直.本研究结合这两种组装方法的优势,采用流体与介电电泳结合排列组装碳纳米管.通过选择流体流动和电泳参数,流体结合直流或带直流偏置的交流电泳实现了较好的碳纳米管排列组装.与介电电泳组装相比,结合流体能减少碳纳米管之间的粘连,起到梳理拉直的作用,并提高了组装效率;与流体排布相比,结合介电电泳实现了碳纳米管在指定位置的组装.     

碳纳米管在环氧树脂乙醇溶液中的分散性研究

采取硝酸-盐酸回流法对碳纳米管进行纯化,以超声振荡为手段,探究了在乙醇溶液中表面活性剂种类、浓度、复配方法及超声振荡时间等因素对碳纳米管在环氧树脂基体中的分散性能的影响。通过碳纳米管环氧树脂悬浮液的稳定保存时间来观察其分散性能。结果表明,阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)分散效果最好。     

石墨烯介电电泳组装及电学特性

将石墨烯有效地集成到微纳器件上实现组装是石墨烯得以应用的重要先决条件。采用介电电泳法对二维纳米材料石墨烯进行组装,研究介电电泳组装过程参数包括外加交变电压幅值、石墨烯悬浮液浓度和外加电场作用时间对组装的影响。结果表明:组装到电极之间的石墨烯数量随着上述组装参数值的增大而增加,其中石墨烯悬浮液浓度的影响最为显著。组装后石墨烯的I-V特性曲线呈现良好的直线性,依据组装石墨烯数量的不同,电阻在数kΩ到数百kΩ之间,表明石墨烯与金属电极之间具有较高的接触电阻。采用局部焦耳热法可以有效地降低石墨烯的接触电阻,在电压幅值为3.6V时,降阻效果最优,电阻下降幅度为47.91%。     

电场诱导碳纳米管在聚合物中定向有序排列的研究进展

碳纳米管特殊的结构和优异的性能使之成为复合材料增强的首选填料,综述了电场条件下碳纳米管在聚合物中有序排列的研究进展。分析了电场类型、碳纳米管表面官能化、加电时间、碳纳米管尺寸和含量等因素对电场诱导碳纳米管有序排列的影响,讨论了定向有序排列的碳纳米管对复合材料的力学、电学和热学等性能的影响,分析了碳纳米管定向排列机理以及碳纳米管定向程度的表征方法。     

SWCNT气体传感器的NO2气敏特性

为了提高NO2气体检测的灵敏度和速度,以单壁碳纳米管（SWCNT）为装配介质,采用介电电泳方法获得单壁碳纳米管场效应晶体管（SWCNT—FET）作为气体传感器检测装置,通过原子力显微镜（AFM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征,结果显示,利用介电电泳方法能够成功地把SWCNTs装配到芯片的源漏两极间;通入NO2气体前后电特性变化情况的测试结果表明,选择接入电场频率为2MHz,峰峰值电压10V,介电电泳持续时间10s时,制备出SWCNT—FET成功率高,通入NO2气体后的电导率增加三个数量级。利用紫外光持续照射10min,SWCNT上的气体分子解附,使气体传感器可重复利用。     

不同表面活性剂对铟锡氧化物纳米悬浮液稳定性的影响

在纳米铟锡氧化物纳米粉体应用中悬浮液分散稳定是一个十分重要的问题。本文采用化学改性的方法,分别用阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂和硅表面活性剂对铟锡氧化物进行表面修饰以改进其悬浮液的稳定性。结果表明,除阳离子表面活性剂外,其他表面活性剂均可以使纳米铟锡氧化物在特定的分散体系中得到很好的分散,纳米铟锡氧化物悬浮液稳定性良好。     

纳米碳纤维在水性体系中的分散性能及机理讨论

以十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、聚丙烯酸（PAA）复合曲拉通（Tx100）、分散助剂DISPERBYK-180（D-180）和十二炕基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）等4种表面活性剂作为分散剂,采用多种表面活性剂超声分散法分散纳米碳纤维（CNFs）．结合紫外／可见分光光度计法、透射电镜（TEM）及场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）观察、Zeta电位法、表面张力测试、静置及离心分离等测试方法,全面地表征了采用不同表面活性剂的CNFs悬浮液的分散状态,探讨了表面活性剂对CNFs在水性体系中分散性的影响．实验结果表明：4种表面活性剂中,SDS对CNFs的分散效果最好,其最佳掺量为1．6g／L：SDBS的分散效果次之,D．180效果再次,而PAA复合Tx100的分散效果最差．     

碳纳米管-超细铜粉复合粉体的制备

采用混酸纯化法在碳纳米管表面引入羟基、羧基等基团, 在此基础上, 用SnCl_2·2H₂O溶液对碳纳米管进行敏化处理. 处理过的碳纳米管均匀地分散在水溶液中, 形成碳纳米管悬浮液. 在这种碳纳米管悬浮液中加入五水硫酸铜, 先后用葡萄糖和甲醛对铜实施还原, 原位制备了碳纳米管-超细铜粉复合粉体. SEM和TEM结果表明, 碳纳米管均匀地分散在超细铜粉中, 并且与铜颗粒形成较牢固的结合.     

转筒法液体黏滞系数公式的研究

利用牛顿液体内摩擦定律，详细正确推导转筒法新的液体黏滞系数公式，并测量计算40^#机油的黏滞系数叼在10℃时为0．391Pa·s，比利用传统公式测量计算结果小31．04％。     

分散剂CTAB对碳纳米管悬浮液分散性能的影响

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为分散剂, 制备了分散性能良好的碳纳米管悬浮液. 通过测定等温吸附曲线和悬浮液的Zeta电位, 研究了CTAB对碳纳米管表面性质的影响. 结果表明, CTAB的加入使Zeta电位由-29mV变为65mV左右; 等温吸附曲线表明,CTAB在碳纳米管表面为“两阶段吸附”, CTAB浓度为9×10^-4 mol·L^-1时, 在碳纳米管表面达到饱和吸附. 通过悬浮碳纳米管浓度测定确定了所需最佳CTAB的用量为9×10^-4 mol·L^-1左右, 同时对CTAB的吸附分散机理进行了分析和讨论.     

The rheological modelling of carbon nanotube (CNT) suspensions in steady shear flows

This paper is concerned with the rheological modelling of both chemically treated and untreated carbon nanotube (CNT) suspended in a Newtonian epoxy resin. CNT suspensions generally exhibited shear-thinning characteristic—the apparent viscosity decreases as shear rate increases—when subject to steady shear flows. Chemically treated CNT suspensions with little optical microstructure were found to exhibit a less significant shear-thinning effect compared with untreated CNT suspensions where clear optical aggregates were observed. In the case of treated CNT suspensions, the shear-thinning characteristic could be described using a Fokker–Planck based orientation model. The model assumed that the treated CNTs behaved as high aspect ratio rods and that shear flow was able to align the CNTs in the flow direction, thereby resulting in a decrease in the shear viscosity. Despite the success in describing the rheological response of treated CNT in steady shear flows, the orientation model failed to explain the more pronounced shear-thinning effect observed in untreated CNT suspensions having a hierarchy of aggregate structures. A new model called the aggregation/orientation (AO) model was formulated by modifying the Fokker–Planck equation. The AO model considered elements of aggregation as well as CNT orientation and it was capable of capturing the steady shear response of untreated CNT suspensions.     

聚丙烯酸酯/聚硅氧烷互穿网络阻尼材料的制备与性能

以聚硅氧烷预聚体与丙烯酸酯进行互穿网络聚合,制备了高性能阻尼材料。用材料测试综合实验机(MTS)测试材料的阻尼性能,研究表明,聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯(PBMA)和聚硅氧烷(PDMS)配比为80:20、PDMS特征黏度为54.5 mPa·s、交联剂二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(DEGDA)的用量为8%时,材料的阻尼因子tanδ_(max)达1.4。用原子力显微镜(AFM)对材料的微相结构进行观察,结果表明,阻尼材料微相结构既需要有效的互穿,又要保证一定程度的微相分离,才能使材料具有良好的阻尼性能。     

种子法制备高固含量聚醋酸乙烯乳液

以半成品VAE乳液作种子,采用氧化-还原引发体系和半连续乳液聚合工艺合成了固含量不低于60%(未加入DBP),黏度约3000mPa.s的聚醋酸乙烯乳液;考察了种子乳液、保护胶体、表面活性剂对乳液黏度、滤渣、贮存稳定性的影响;测试了产品应用性能。     

LED封装用液体交联剂的制备与表征

报道了一种功率型发光二极管(LED)封装用液体高分子交联剂的制备方法。将甲基氢环硅氧烷与八甲基环四硅氧烷、甲基苯基混合环体等环硅氧烷,在甲苯溶剂中,40℃~80℃,用阳离子交换树脂催化其开环共聚,并以适量四甲基二氢硅氧烷封端。产物为澄清透明的甲基苯基含氢硅油,其苯基含量(Ph/Si,molar ratio)为0.30~0.60,活泼氢(Si-H)含量为0~0.5%,折光指数为1.39~1.51(25℃),动力黏度为100 mPa.s~550 mPa.s(25℃)。     

Innovative approach to produce submicron drug particles by vibrational atomization spray drying: influence of the type of solvent and surfactant

Spray drying is a technique used to produce solid particles from liquid solutions, emulsions or suspensions. Buchi Labortechnik developed the latest generation of spray dryers, Nano Spray Dryer B-90. This study aims to obtain, directly, submicron drug particles from an organic solution, employing this equipment and using dexamethasone as a model drug. In addition, we evaluated the influence of both the type of solvent and surfactant on the properties of the powders using a 3² full factorial analysis. The particles were obtained with high yields (above 60%), low water content (below 2%) and high drug content (above 80%). The surface tension and the viscosity were strongly influenced by the type of solvent. The highest powder yields were obtained for the highest surface tension and the lowest viscosity of the drug solutions. The use of ionic surfactants led to higher process yields. The laser diffraction technique revealed that the particles deagglomerate into small ones with submicrometric size, (around 1?µm) that was also observed by scanning electron microscopy. Interaction between the raw materials in the spray-dried powders was verified by calorimetric analysis. Thus, it was possible to obtain dexamethasone submicrometric particles by vibrational atomization from organic solution.     

PEG/CPB复配改性二氧化铅电极的制备和性能

用电沉积法制备表面活性剂聚乙二醇（PEG）和溴化十六烷基吡啶（CPB）复配改性PbO₂电极,用SEM、XRD、电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和线性极化扫描（VA）等方法对其微结构和电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明,PEG/CPB复配改性在改善PbO₂镀层微结构中产生协同增效作用,使电极表面颗粒进一步细化均匀;复配改性电极明显提升了苯酚的催化降解活性,在2.5 h内对100 mg·L^-1苯酚溶液的降解率为98.7%。PEG/CPB复配改性电极电催化活性的提升与电极的活性表面积增大、电化学反应电阻减小和析氧电位的提高有关。     

Comparative analysis of viscosity of complex liquids and cytoplasm of mammalian cells at the nanoscale

We present a scaling formula for size-dependent viscosity coefficients for proteins, polymers, and fluorescent dyes diffusing in complex liquids. The formula was used to analyze the mobilities of probes of different sizes in HeLa and Swiss 3T3 mammalian cells. This analysis unveils in the cytoplasm two length scales: (i) the correlation length ξ (approximately 5 nm in HeLa and 7 nm in Swiss 3T3 cells) and (ii) the limiting length scale that marks the crossover between nano- and macroscale viscosity (approximately 86 nm in HeLa and 30 nm in Swiss 3T3 cells). During motion, probes smaller than ξ experienced matrix viscosity: η(matrix) ≈ 2.0 mPa·s for HeLa and 0.88 mPa·s for Swiss 3T3 cells. Probes much larger than the limiting length scale experienced macroscopic viscosity, η(macro) ≈ 4.4 × 10(-2) and 2.4 × 10(-2) Pa·s for HeLa and Swiss 3T3 cells, respectively. Our results are persistent for the lengths scales from 0.14 nm to a few hundred nanometers.     

氮杂酞菁钴光电催化降解水环境中聚丙烯酰胺

针对水环境中聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)难以被快速去除的问题,以导电炭黑(CB)为载体,制备了负载型氮杂酞菁钴(NCoPc/CB)和甲基取代氮杂酞菁钴(MeNCoPc/CB)复合材料,并对其光电催化降解HPAM的性能进行了研究。搭建分体式光电协同催化体系,选取50 mg/L HPAM水溶液为目标污染物,以Na₂SO₄为电解质,对NCoPc的理化性能及光电协同催化工艺降解高分子聚合物的性能进行了考察。结果证实,光电协同催化工艺对HPAM去除率不但优于单独光催化和单独电催化工艺,更优于两者的代数和,说明光电联合体系中产生了协同增强效应。其中,以MeNCoPc/CB复合材料效果最佳,污染物去除率达到76.07%,溶液黏度由8.33 mPa·s降至1.81 mPa·s。对协同工艺进行反应动力学分析,证实此过程符合准一级反应动力学,其反应速率常数分别是光催化的6.03倍和电催化的3.97倍。电子自旋共振技术(ESR)证实,反应体系内主要活性物质为·OH和O₂?·。      

Properties of shear horizontal acoustic plate modes in BT-cut quartz

Properties of shear horizontal acoustic plate modes (SHAPMs) in BT-cut quartz were calculated and measured. A delay line with a long interdigital transducer, deposited on -50.5°YX90°-oriented quartz plate, was used for the measurements. For one of the SHAPMs, at a frequency of about 100.4 MHz, insertion loss, turnover temperature, and quadratic temperature coefficient of frequency of about 10 dB, 15°C, and -30 ppb/(°C)(2) in air, respectively, were obtained. Using water and glycerin solutions, insertion loss changes against dynamic viscosity were measured for this mode. In a viscosity range from about 1 mPa·s to 1000 mPa·s, an insertion loss change of about 14 dB was obtained.     

紫外-可见光谱分析碳纳米管电泳液浓度对阴极场发射性能的影响

将酸化的碳纳米管(CNT)粉末、硝酸镁置于异丙醇溶剂中超声处理,制备成分散均匀的CNT电泳液.采用不同CNT浓度的电泳液在CrCuCr电极上电泳沉积CNT薄膜,并对阴极样品进行场发射性能测试;同时采用紫外-可见光谱仪对CNT电泳液进行光谱分析.结果表明,CNT浓度为0~0.13 g/L的电泳液在258 nm处存在光谱吸收,且其吸光度与相应CNT浓度呈良好的线性关系;当CNT浓度为0.12 g/L时电泳沉积制备的CNT阴极场发射性能较好,其开启电场为0.903 V/μm,当电场强度为1.395 V/μm时场发射电流密度为2.903 mA/cm2.利用紫外-可见光谱可以有效地分析电泳液中CNT浓度,为电泳沉积良好质量的CNT薄膜提供了保证.