运用AUTO CAD求解桁架内力

一个平面汇交力系的平衡条件是其力多边形必须闭呈,依其条件,利用图解法和计算机中的ＡＵＴＯ ＣＡＤ绘图工具,迅速准确地求解一个结点上的两个未知力,并以礤类推求解桁架各杆内力,特别在复杂的桁架内力计算中更显示其法优越性。     

建筑工程总承包企业转变项目管理模式

根据目前项目管理的现状,许多建筑业企业,特别是大中型建筑工程总承包企业,在项目管理中尚存在着一些弊端和不尽完善之处。如何解决这一问题,本文从企业层面,从内部机制等方面,阐述了试行"直属项目经理部管理模式",这一转变思路,从其内涵、性质、管理模式、企业的配套改革措施及注意事项上,做了较为详尽的阐释和论述,以期对项目管理工作有所裨益。     

梁系变位协调内力分析

在肋形楼盖中,交叉梁系当两个方向的梁的横截面不同时,现行的计算方法是将主梁(截面较大的)对次梁(截面较小的)的支承当作刚性支承来考虑而忽略该支承变位的影响。由此导致梁系内力的误差是显然的。这种误差当主、次梁两者的线性刚度接近,有时能改变次梁刚性支承时应力的符号。 本文提供考虑了支承变位的计算方法,即将次梁的内力分解为两部分:其一是当作刚性支承产生的力矩和剪力;其二是支承变位产生的力矩和剪力;次梁的内力即是上述两部分之和。文中对第二部分给出了计算公式和数据。     

Inter‐provincial migration and 1975–2005 regional growth in Indonesia

Migration has been seen as an important issue in regional development worldwide. This study analyses the impact of internal migration on provincial growth in Indonesia. Applying a growth model, this study found evidence that migration played no role on regional convergence during the 1975–2005 period. However, different policies affected the signs and sizes of the estimates across sub‐periods. Moreover, inter‐provincial migration, especially in‐migration in poorer provinces, had a positive impact on economic growth in Indonesia.     

桁架中零杆的快速判断方法

分别介绍了桁架中L形结点,T形结点,X形结点,K形结点等特殊结点的各种零杆的快速判断方法,并结合具体实例进行了分析,指出零杆的判断对于桁架的内力求解有很大帮助,能够使后续的分析计算变得更加顺畅。     

Simulating space heating demand with respect to non-constant heat gains from household electricity

It is crucial to perform energy simulations during the building process to design a building that meets requirements regarding low energy use. In a low energy building, internal heat gains such as excess heat from household electricity are a large part of the heat balance of the building. The internal heat gains depend on the occupants and are not constant, although they are often assumed constant in simulations of space heating demand. This article analyses how different usage patterns of household electricity affects simulated space heating demand. Parametric studies of energy use-related parameters were done to study the influence from different designs. The results show that the different energy use patterns affect the space heating demand, especially in low energy buildings and during the colder parts of the year. To make accurate energy simulations of low energy buildings, household electricity use patterns should be taken into account.     

钻孔侧向位移监测与围护结构稳定性预测

在围护结构施工过程中,监测结构深层、内部的变形,及时预报结构失稳的部位,对围护结构稳定性预测尤为重要.通过某地下车库围护结构（基坑）监测表明,采用钻孔侧向位移监测,可以揭示围护结构内部岩土变形状况,从而达到对围护结构稳定性进行预测的目的.     

挂篮悬臂混合法施工技术

1．问题的提出。挂篮悬臂浇注、挂篮悬臂拼装时，挂篮要负担整个梁段重量，挂篮本身重量就很可观了，而挂篮重量由已浇箱梁束承受。这就加大了施工时梁的内力，怎样减少施工时梁的内力，使之尽量与运营时梁的内力要求趋于一致，这是设计与施工共同思索的问题之一，采用挂篮施工由于受到节段混凝土重量限制，每节段的长度一般在3～4米左右，每个节段的施工周期，平均也要7～10天左右，这样总的施工期相对就缓长，特别是当把挂篮用于大跨径斜拉桥的施工时，不仅施工周期次数多，而且由于挂篮重量较大，每一节段拉索的内力均在施工阶段进行控制，增大了钢束用量，另外，索力还要反复调整，给设计和施工带来很多不便。     

基于无人机技术获取岩体结构面信息方法研究

岩质边坡的稳定性主要取决于坡体内部结构面的发育特征和性质。获取边坡岩体内部结构面的几何信息,特别是产状数据,对于研究结构面的组合规律及进一步评价边坡的稳定性具有非常重要的意义。传统的结构面采集方法工作效率极低,且对于高陡岩质边坡,技术人员无法到达。无人机摄影测量技术具有非接触、高效率的突出优势,能够有效弥补传统方法的不足。以长春市某高陡岩质边坡为研究对象,使用无人机进行航空影像数据采集,建立边坡的三维实景模型,并提取结构面产状数据。经与现场实测代表性结构面产状数据对比可知,新方法的精度较高。该方法为快速准确评价高陡岩质边坡稳定性提供了依据。     

钢板围带加注浆锚杆在桥台病害处治中的应用

高速公路的桥梁结构在长期运营状态下会不可避免地出现各种病害,特别是桥台在外界因素和自身作用下会产生裂缝等病害.论文以杨家湾大桥桥台病害的处治方法为案例,通过钢板围带法加固以改善桥台结构的整体性,并且注浆锚杆的实施增强了桥台后方填土密实和固结效果,从而有效保证了桥梁结构的安全运营状态.     

现浇混凝土空心楼板的剪力分析及设计方法

以空心管为内模的现浇混凝土空心楼盖技术目前在国内很多地区推广很快,但是,由于对混凝土空心楼盖的内部受力规律研究的还不够透彻,目前只能通过一些试验数据来分析双向板的内力分布情况,有了一定的结论,但对混凝土空心楼盖内部的受力特性,特别是截面上的剪应力未能准确地指明,这样给工程设计带来了极大的困难,作者利用有限元软件ANSYS对一块400mm厚,9.9m×10m的双向板进行细化分析,揭示了双向板在荷载作用下的内力分布规律和变形特性,特别是指出了加入空心管后空心楼盖在两个方向(顺管方向和垂直管方向)截面上的剪力分布情况,得出了一系列有用的结论,并提出了合理的设计验算剪力的方法。     

设计的"为"与"不为"——围绕幼儿游戏空间设计的思考

To all kinds of design, the negotiation between the expression of designers’ idea and the representation of users’ desire is a typical internal tension of design. Particularly, the balancing of the internal tension of the design for children requires sophisticated solutions, because the needs of the actual users are often (mis-)represented by the desire of their parents. Therefore, in addition to satisfying social needs, the designers should also recognize the collective unconsciousness of adults who express on behalf of children. Taking the studies in Developmental Psychology and Anthropology as reference, this article focuses on playing, instead of knowledge acquisition, and discusses the balancing of the internal tension of the design of playing spaces for children, especially for the preschoolers. This article aims at revealing the role of games to children’s psychological and intelligence growth, as well as their game playing mechanism, by answering two questions: why do children play games and how do they play? By illustrating a case study on the playground design of the COBY Preschool in Japan, the proposed concept of “design to not design” is expected to inspire the design of children’s playing spaces.     

The dynamics of spatial labor mobility in the Netherlands

"This paper discusses several factors that may explain [the] dynamic properties of internal labor migration. [The authors] focus especially on the influence of labor market and housing conditions on the mobility of people. A two-stage, generation-allocation model is proposed to investigate the role of different factors in the explanation of aggregate interregional migration flows. This model is applied to recent data on interprovincial labor migration in the Netherlands. The results indicate that housing supply seems to be an important determinant of temporal developments of spatial mobility, and that also the conditions on national and regional labor markets are associated with specific properties of recent migration patterns."     

武汉里分住宅社区居住环境品质评价之初探

在国内外城市更新的发展趋势下,对于具有历史文化价值的社区居住环境品质评价之检视尤为重要,文章系延续过去里分之系列研究之一,特针对里分住宅居民对于里分住宅内部环境、邻里性设施及环境、社区邻里关系及社区周边环境等四大部份进行评价,作为里分住宅未来社区居住环境品质改善之参考依据.     

视知觉与商业建筑内部空间营造——广州太古汇大型购物中心建筑内部空间的视知觉动力

广州太古汇是由建筑公司Arquitectonica设计的商业建筑综合体。本文以其大型购物中心为例,首先从动力方面分析了使用者的视知觉和心理感受。然后结合视知觉特性充分考虑,从建筑空间的边界、导向和序列、光影、色彩、材质、符号等建筑空间形态要素及其表达进行了分析介绍。太古汇在很多方面值得借鉴和参考,尤其是如何利用艺术手段和设计方法创造出优的视觉效应,塑造人性化的内部商业空间。     

Shape memory alloy bending bars as seismic restrainers for bridges in seismic areas

In general, shape memory alloy (SMA) cables do not resist in compression and, thus, their applications are limited. This study suggests a superelastic SMA bar in bending to be used to overcome the above problem. The objectives of this study are to analyze the characteristics of the bending behavior of an SMA bar and to prove its seismic applicability, especially to restrain openings in bridges. Single and double bending tests are conducted with varying loading speeds and maximum displacements. The loading and the unloading stiffness are estimated from the force-displacement curves, and the equivalent damping ratio of each test is assessed. The SMA bar shows the same stiffness hardening, during bending and under tension which appears to be due to stress-induced-martensite hardening. Increasing the loading speed does not influence the stiffness of the SMA bar with a single bend, but the stiffness of the double bending bar is about five times that of the single bending bar. This study also introduces the use of SMA bending bars as a seismic restrainer for bridges. The SMA bars are assessed as seismic restrainers for a three-span-simply-supported bridge in a zone of moderate seismic activity. The bars reduce the openings at the internal hinges and the pounding force on abutments. Thus, the SMA bending bars are assessed to prevent the unseating at internal hinges and cracks on abutments. This study shows the applicability of the SMA bending bars as a seismic restrainer.     

Adhesion of plaster coatings to RC walls subjected to bending

For more than a decade Israeli civilian shelters are constructed as part of the dwelling apartments and houses and therefore their inner coating should comply with the requirements of their peace time usage. Yet, interior plaster coating of a protective wall seems to contradict the requirements of scabbing prevention. An experimental study of the problem under impact conditions was described in a previous paper. This paper focuses on another possible mode of damage, associated with shearing of the plaster layer. This type of failure can be caused especially when the plaster-coated wall is loaded by distributed over-pressure and so the current study, described here, was carried out through static bending tests of plaster-coated specimens with an aim to examine the influence of internal shear stresses associated with the curvature induced by its bending under external overpressure.     

Rayleigh波作用下圆形隧洞衬砌横向内力的解析解

 考虑土–结构相互作用,Rayleigh面波入射下隧洞衬砌的横向内力解析解至今比较少见。采用拟静力法,基于地下结构力学和平面弹性波动理论,推导出均匀介质中Rayleigh波以任意角度入射时圆形隧洞衬砌的横向内力解析解,考察土–结构交界面之间存在完全滑移和无滑移2种极限接触状态。算例表明,在Rayleigh波作用下,当其传播方向与隧洞轴向垂直时,衬砌的横向内力取得最大值,且内力在2种极限接触状态下的差别不大;与SV波作用效应相比,Rayleigh波作用下的衬砌横向内力均要大,尤其是轴力要大很多,这是由于Rayleig波中的P波分量造成的。浅埋隧洞衬砌的抗震设计,应充分重视Rayleigh波的作用效应。     

长江三角洲城镇空间格局与区域经济相关分析

长江三角洲是我国经济最发达地区之一。自改革开放特别是９０年代以来,城市化加速发展,形成了具有鲜明地域特征的城市化模式,而其内部的城镇空间格局相互区别。本文以景观空间分析和区域经济理论为基础,综合ＲＳ和ＧＩＳ手段,分析城镇空间形态和区域经济特征,并从中探讨城镇格局与地区经济的相关性。本文对于我国城市规划建设,特别是经济发达地区的城市化进程具有一定参考意义。     

Buckling of tube-stiffened prolate domes under external water pressure

The paper describes experimental tests carried out on three tube-stiffened prolate hemi-ellipsoidal domes under external water pressure.The tubes were stuck to the internal surfaces of these three domes, in their flanks, and the experimental tests showed that the tubes increased the buckling pressures of these domes, especially in one case, when the tube was subjected to an initial internal pressure.All three domes failed by lobar buckling, in their flanks, and showed buckling resistances much larger than similar unstiffened domes.