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1.
Recently, sustainable green energy harvesting systems have been receiving great attention for their potential use in self‐powered smart wireless sensor network (WSN) systems. In particular, though the developed WSN systems are able to advance public good, very high and long‐term budgets will be required in order to use them to supply electrical energy through temporary batteries or connecting power cables. This report summarizes recent significant progress in the development of hybrid nanogenerators for a sustainable energy harvesting system that use natural and artificial energies such as solar, wind, wave, heat, machine vibration, and automobile noise. It starts with a brief introduction of energy harvesting systems, and then summarizes the different hybrid energy harvesting systems: integration of mechanical and photovoltaic energy harvesters, integration of mechanical and thermal energy harvesters, integration of thermal and photovoltaic energy harvesters, and others. In terms of the reported hybrid nanogenerators, a systematic summary of their structures, working mechanisms, and output performances is provided. Specifically, electromagnetic induction, triboelectric, piezoelectric, photovoltaic, thermoelectric, and pyroelectric effects are reviewed on the basis of the individual and hybrid power performances of hybrid nanogenerators and their practical applications with various device designs. Finally, the perspectives on and challenges in developing high performance and sustainable hybrid nanogenerator systems are presented.  相似文献   

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岩石变形破坏过程中的能量传递和耗散研究   总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25  
岩石变形破坏的过程是和外界产生能量交换的过程。从理论上分析了用能量方法研究岩石破坏问题的合理性,以及岩石在变形过程中弹性能、塑性能、表面能、辐射能、动能之间相互转化的过程、计算原理、以及对岩石破坏所起的不同作用。并分别从宏观和微观的角度研究了在不同的变形阶段中岩石能量耗散与释放问题。在宏观上,岩石变形前期以弹性应变能的方式存储外界提供的能量,同时又通过损伤演化等向外界耗散能量;变形的后期以剧烈的能量释放为主。微观上,存在多种引起岩石应变硬化和应变软化的机制,岩石存储能量还是向外界释放能量取决于这些微观机制竞争的最后结果,基于此推导了岩石变形中能量的传递方程,用试验研究了能量的转化和平衡,以及耗散能和释放能之间的比例关系。结果表明能量耗散导致岩石强度的降低,而能量释放是造成岩石灾变破坏的真正原因。从能量耗散与释放的观点研究岩石的破坏,可以从本质上把握岩石变形和破坏的物理机理,寻找岩石破坏的真正原因,为实际工程提供参考。  相似文献   

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Following the rapid development of lightweight and flexible smart electronic products, providing energy for these electronics has become a hot research topic. The human body produces considerable mechanical and thermal energy during daily activities, which could be used to power most wearable electronics. In this context, fiber-based energy conversion devices (FBECD) are proposed as candidates for effective conversion of human-body energy into electricity for powering wearable electronics. Herein, functional materials, fiber fabrication techniques, and device design strategies for different classes of FBECD based on piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, electrostaticity, and thermoelectricity are comprehensively reviewed. An overview of fiber-based self-powered systems and sensors according to their superior flexibility and cost-effectiveness is also presented. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in the field of fiber-based energy conversion are discussed.  相似文献   

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对掏槽爆破的本质进行了探讨,指出掏槽爆破中岩石的开裂、破碎以及高温高压下的团结都是装药爆炸所释放的能量与岩石自身损伤状态匹配的结果,同时也给出了发生这些现象所必须满足的匹配条件。  相似文献   

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In this paper, maximizing energy efficiency (EE) through radio resource allocation for renewable energy powered heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNet) with energy sharing, is investigated. Our goal is to maximize the network EE, conquer the instability of renewable energy sources and guarantee the fairness of users during allocating resources. We define the objective function as a sum weighted EE of all links in the HetNet. We formulate the resource allocation problem in terms of subcarrier assignment, power allocation and energy sharing, as a mixed combinatorial and non-convex optimization problem. We propose an energy efficient resource allocation scheme, including a centralized resource allocation algorithm for iterative subcarrier allocation and power allocation in which the power allocation problem is solved by analytically solving the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions of the problem and a water-filling problem thereafter and a low-complexity distributed resource allocation algorithm based on reinforcement learning (RL). Our numerical results show that both centralized and distributed algorithms converge with a few times of iterations. The numerical results also show that our proposed centralized and distributed resource allocation algorithms outperform the existing reference algorithms in terms of the network EE.  相似文献   

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我国建筑能耗分析及空调节能的技术途径   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
简要分析了我国建筑能源消耗状况,从用能特点出发,对建筑物和建筑用能途径进行了分析,能耗主要在采暖空调上。针对这一情况,提出几种有效的空调节能途径。  相似文献   

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从长期检验实践中发现福州市工业锅炉在热力系统安装方面存在节能回收设备配置不足,在运行使用方面存在水垢结生严重、操作不当等许多薄弱环节,造成锅炉能耗管理工作严重滞后和能源的巨大浪费,本文从热力系统和运行操作方面提出一些有效节能途径与对策,提高能源利用效率。  相似文献   

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通过对郑州市部分冷藏企业冷库的调研,分析了造成冷库能耗的各种因素,并对冷库采取的节能措施进行分析探讨,旨在帮助冷藏企业进一步降低生产成本、提高经济效益。  相似文献   

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介绍了空气-空气能量回收装置的不同形式及其特点,描述了国内外的研究现状;指出使用空气-空气能量回收装置时,应当根据空气处理方式和室外气象条件的变化而采取不同调节方式,以达到良好的节能效果。  相似文献   

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能源互联网背景下,可再生能源并网规模日益扩大。由于可再生能源发电功率具有很强的随机性,电力系统运行中出现了所谓“双侧随机问题”,影响安全稳定运行。如何对各种可再生能源进行经济有效的能量管理,是实现能源互联网的关键技术之一。为实现微电网运行的整体优化,对包含各种分布式电源的微电网,建立以综合发电成本最低、环境效益最好作为优化目标的多目标优化模型。利用遗传算法,进行能量管理的优化研究。以联网运行的含有多种分布式电源的微电网为算例进行仿真计算,仿真结果表明了优化模型及算法的有效性。  相似文献   

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对东莞市5栋酒店建筑单位面积能耗、空调冷热源方式、空调能耗、热环境参数、人员舒适性进行了实测,并进行了能耗分析。结果表明:单位建筑面积建筑能耗平均值为2.273GJ/(m2.a)单位空调面积空调能耗平均值为1.181 GJ/(m2.a)。根据测试及计算结果指出了该市酒店建筑空调系统存在的问题,并对其节能进行了分析。  相似文献   

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Energy storage in a proper form is an important way to meet the fast increase in the demand for energy. Among the strategies for storing energy, storage of mechanical energy via suitable media is widely utilized by human beings. With a tensile strength over 100 GPa, and a Young's modulus over 1 TPa, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as one of the strongest materials ever found and exhibit overwhelming advantages for storing mechanical energy. For example, the tensile‐strain energy density of CNTs is as high as 1125 Wh kg‐1. In addition, CNTs also exhibit great potential for fabricating flywheels to store kinetic energy with both high energy density (8571 Wh kg‐1) and high power density (2 MW kg‐1 to 2 GW kg‐1). Here, an overview of some typical mechanical‐energy‐storage systems and materials is given. Then, theoretical and experimental studies on the mechanical properties of CNTs and CNT assemblies are introduced. Afterward, the strategies for utilizing CNTs to store mechanical energy are discussed. In addition, macroscale production of CNTs is summarized. Finally, future trends and prospects in the development of CNTs used as mechanical‐energy‐storage materials are presented.  相似文献   

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先进绝热压缩空气储能(Advanced adiabaticcompressed air energy storage,AA-CAES)是一种清洁的大规模物理储能技术。相对于其他类型的储能技术,AA-CAES技术具有多能流联供的独特特性,这一特性使得其在微型综合能源系统中具有广阔的应用前景。考虑AA-CAES电站的多能联供特性,研究了含AA-CAES电站的微型综合能源系统优化调度策略。介绍了含AA-CAES电站的微型综合能源系统基本构成;基于AA-CAES电站的实际热力学过程,构建AA-CAES电站的冷热电多能流联合调度约束模型;在此基础上,以最小化系统运行成本为目标,建立含AA-CAES电站的微型综合能源系统优化调度模型;最后,采用天津中新生态城的数据进行模型验证。  相似文献   

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介绍了热回收水源热泵结合太阳能制热水在节能改造中的应用,并分析了其节能效果,为今后节能改造提供了参考。  相似文献   

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通过对深圳市大量商场空调运行状况的调研,测试得到各空调系统实际的单位面积能耗,并对其能耗差异进行了分析。对特定商场的实际运行能耗进行年度内的数据采集,得到了不同月份水泵、风柜、主机、冷却塔等设备的能耗比例。通过对各设备的能耗水平以及设备和系统的节能潜力的分析和测试,得到了节能改造的策略和手段,为商场类空调系统节能改造提供了基础依据,并提出了系统节能的方法。  相似文献   

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三联产是热、电、冷联合生产的一种能源综合利用方式。本文对三联产系统的能源效率评价进行了探讨,建立了三联产与分产的一次能耗比较模型,计算分析了联产的一次能耗节能率的特点。  相似文献   

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