Cover Picture: Proteomics 9-10'13

Cover Image: Foreground image taken from Tongzhong Ju et al., (pp. 618–631): IgA1 has normalO-glycans with a core 1 O-glycan decorated with sialic acids (purple diamonds) in either mono- or disiaylated structures. But in IgA1 from IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients it is proposed that Tn and STn antigens lacking the core 1 O-glycan accumulate and contribute to IgAN. IgAN is the most common glomerulonephritis and results in renal failure in 20–40% of patients over 25 years of age. Deposition of IgA1 in the glomerular mesangium is thought to drive the disease. Background image, kindly provided by Tongzhong Ju, Richard D. Cummings, et al.: Human primary colorectal adenocarcinoma cells highly express Tn antigen. A formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue section of human primary colorectal adenocarcinoma was immunohistochemically stained with anti-Tn monoclonal antibody (Red) and counter staining with Haemotoxylin (Blue). The tumor cells are highly stained with anti-TnmAb. Cover design by SCHULZGrafik-Design.

     

Cover Picture: Proteomics 11-12'13

Cover Image: Concept of proteomic evidence based personalized medicine: Individual disease progression can be timely monitored using clinical proteomic approaches. Network biology integrating computer learning andmodeling techniques will lead to intelligent patient stratifications. Such proteomic evidence based medical approach holds great promise in deriving sustainable therapies tailored for each individual patient. Cover image provided by Dr. Lei Mao, Dept. of Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Berlin (Germany); cover design by SCHULZ Grafik-Design. Note: The protein network was generated using Cytoscape. 2DE gel image originated from the authors' own work (Mao et al., 2007 PlosOne, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001218 ).

     

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The cover image is based on the Research Article Safe reinforcement learning for dynamical games by Yongliang Yang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.4962 .

     

state estimation with fading measurements,randomly varying nonlinearities and probabilistic distributed delays

In this paper, the state estimation problem is investigated for a class of discrete‐time stochastic systems in simultaneous presence of three network‐induced phenomena, namely, fading measurements, randomly varying nonlinearities and probabilistic distributed delays. The channel fading is characterized by the ?th‐order Rice fading model whose coefficients are mutually independent random variables with given probability density functions. Two sequences of random variables obeying the Bernoulli distribution are utilized to govern the randomly varying nonlinearities and probabilistic distributed delays. The purpose of the problem addressed is to design an state estimator such that the dynamics of the estimation errors is stochastically stable and the prespecified disturbance rejection attenuation level is guaranteed. Through intensive stochastic analysis, sufficient conditions are established under which the addressed state estimation problem is recast as a convex optimization one that can be solved via the semi‐definite program method. Finally, a simulation example is provided to show the usefulness of the proposed state estimation scheme. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cover Image

The cover image is based on the Research Article High‐gain nonlinear observer‐based impedance control for deformable object cooperative teleoperation with nonlinear contact model by Zhenyu Lu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.4880 .

     

A new dual‐mode wideband circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna coupled with stubs and asymmetric ground plane for WiMAX applications

In this article, a new radiating stub microstrip feed has been investigated with asymmetrical ground plane for generation of circular polarization (CP) in a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). Here, asymmetrical ground plane and 3 radiating stubs with microstrip feed line are used for generation of 2 different modes namely TE_11δ and TE_12δ in rectangular DRA. By using mode matching concepts, these modes are responsible for enhancing the impedance bandwidth (TE_12δ ie, and ) and axial ratio (AR) bandwidth (TE_11δ ie, and ) in proposed antenna. Designed antenna offers measured input impedance bandwidth (|S₁₁| < ?10 dB) and AR bandwidth (AR < 3‐dB) of 44.78%, ranging from 4.6 to 6.9 GHz and 23.32%, ranging from 4.6 to 6.9 GHz, respectively. It has been observed that proposed antenna shows left‐handed CP fields in boresight direction with average gain of 3.15 dBic and radiation efficiency of 90.54%. Designed antenna is suitable for Wi‐MAX (3.3‐3.7 GHz) applications.     

A coaxial probe fed wideband circularly polarized antenna using unequal and adjacent‐slided rectangular dielectric resonators for WLAN applications

In this article, a coaxial probe fed wideband circularly polarized antenna has been designed and investigated using unequal and adjacent‐slided rectangular dielectric resonators radiating in broadside direction (Φ = 0°, θ = 0°). Wi‐Fi wireless network use radio signal either in 2.4 or 5 GHz band. Owing to high rush in 2.4 GHz band, the proposed antenna is designed for 5 GHz (5.15‐5.825 GHz) WLAN band. The proposed design uses fundamental orthogonal modes and excited in two individual rectangular dielectric resonators to achieve wide axial‐ratio bandwidth (below 3 dB). Measured input reflection coefficient (below ?10 dB) and axial ratio bandwidth (below 3 dB) of 26.07% (5.27‐6.85 GHz) and 26.85% (5.32‐6.97 GHz) has been attained, respectively, in this proposed antenna. The measured far‐field patterns such as gain and radiation patterns are showing consistent performance throughout the working band.     

Controllability of Semilinear Systems of Parabolic Equations with Delay on the State

In this paper we prove the approximate controllability of the following semilinear system parabolic equations with delay on the state variable where Ω is a bounded domain in is a n × n non diagonal matrix whose eigenvalues are semi‐simple with non negative real part, the control u belongs to and B is a n × m matrix. Here τ≥0 is the maximum delay, which is supposed to be finite. We assume that the operator L:L²([?τ,0];Z)→Z is linear and bounded with and the nonlinear function f:[0,r] × IRⁿ×IR^m→IRⁿ is smooth and bounded.     

Investigation of higher order modes excitation through F‐shaped slot in rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for wideband circular polarization with broadside radiation characteristics

In this article, a wideband circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) with broadside radiation characteristics has been proposed. By using modified ground plane having an F‐shaped slot, the proposed structure able to generates three sets of modes i.e., fundamental as well as higher order modes. To obtained circular polarization, an orthogonal mode (TE₁₁₃) in the RDRA has been generated by using the F‐shaped slot on the modified ground plane. The resonance frequency of fundamental mode (TE₁₁₁) in the rectangular dielectric resonator (DR) has been calculated by using dielectric waveguide model method. The same has been confirmed through E‐field distribution in RDRA. Here, wide axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of the proposed antenna is due to the generation of and modes. It is observed that input impedance bandwidth has been broadening with a pair of excited modes ( and modes) in the proposed antenna structure. All these modes have been excited and merged to form a wide input impedance bandwidth and wide AR bandwidth of the designed antenna. The proposed antenna shows measured input reflection coefficient (S₁₁ < ?10 dB) of 50.55% and measured AR bandwidth (AR < 3 dB) of 14.28%. The designed antenna shows left‐handed circular polarization in broadside direction and offering an average gain and radiation efficiency of 4.29 dBic and 92.22% respectively.     

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The cover image is based on the Research Article Consensus control of output‐constrained multi‐agent systems with unknown control directions under a directed graph by Gang Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.4852 .

     

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The cover image is based on the Research Article Robust control under worst‐case uncertainty for unknown nonlinear systems using modified reinforcement learning by Adolfo Perrusquía and Wen Yu, https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.4911 .

     

PIC — A language for typesetting graphics

PIC is a language for specifying pictures so that they can be typeset as an integral part of a document preparation system. The basic objects in PIC are boxes, lines, arrows, circles, ellipses, arcs and splines, which may be placed at positions specified absolutely or in terms of previous objects, and labeled with arbitrary text. The example below illustrates the general capabilities of the language. Most of the effort in designing PIC has gone into making it possible to specify the sizes and positions of objects with minimal use of absolute coordinates. This paper describes PIC, with primary emphasis on those aspects of the language that make it easy to use. The paper was typeset using PIC.     

Cover Image

The cover image is based on the Research Article Observer‐Based Cooperative Distributed Fault‐tolerant Model Predictive Control with Imperfect Network Communication and Asynchronous Measurements by Guannan Xiao and Fei Liu, https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.4994 .

     

A novel three‐dimensional guidance law implementation using only line‐of‐sight azimuths

A novel three‐dimensional guidance law using only line‐of‐sight azimuths based on input‐to‐state stability and robust nonlinear observer is proposed for interception of maneuvering targets. The proposed guidance law does not need any prior information of unknown bounded target maneuvers and uncertainties. Since in practice the line‐of‐sight rate is difficult for a pursuer to measure accurately, a nonlinear robust observer is introduced to estimate it. A three‐dimensional guidance law with bearing only measurement is obtained for interception of maneuvering targets. The presented algorithm is tested using computer simulations against a maneuvering target. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Design and analysis of wideband U‐slot patch antenna with U‐shaped parasitic elements

A single layer single probe‐fed wideband microstrip antenna is presented and investigated. By cutting a U‐slot in the rectangular patch, and by incorporating two identical U‐shaped parasitic patches around both the radiating edges and the nonradiating edges of the rectangular patch, three resonant frequencies are excited to form the wideband performance. Details of the antenna design is presented. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement, the measured impedance bandwidth is GHz ( GHz), or centered at GHz, which covers WLAN GHz ( GHz), WLAN GHz ( GHz), and WIMAX GHz ( GHz) bands. The measured peak gains at the three resonant frequencies are dB, dB, and dB, respectively. An equivalent circuit model which is based on the transmission line theory, the asymmetric coupled microstrip lines theory, and the π‐network theory is established. This equivalent circuit model is used to give an insight into the wideband mechanism of the proposed antenna, and is also used to explain why the three resonant frequencies shift at the variations of different parameters from a physical point of view. The error analysis is given to demonstrate the validity of the equivalent circuit model.     

Another view on q‐rung orthopair fuzzy sets

In this paper, two new approaches have been presented to view q‐rung orthopair fuzzy sets. In the first approach, these can viewed as L‐fuzzy sets, whereas the second approach is based on the notion of orbits. Uncertainty index is the quantity , which remains constant for all points in an orbit. Certain operators can be defined in q‐ROF sets, which affect when applied to some q‐ROF sets. Operators , , and have been defined. It is studied that how these operators affect when applied to some q‐ROF set A.     

ComVis-Sail: Comparative Sailing Performance Visualization for Coaching

During training sessions, sailors rely on feedback provided by the coaches to reinforce their skills and improve their performance. Nowadays, the incorporation of sensors on the boats enables coaches to potentially provide more informed feedback to the sailors. A common exercise during practice sessions, consists of two boats of the same class, sailing side by side in a straight line with different boat handling techniques. Coaches try to understand which techniques are that make one boat go faster than the other. The analysis of the obtained data from the boats is challenging given its multi-dimensional, time-varying and spatial nature. At present, coaches only rely on aggregated statistics reducing the complexity of the data, hereby losing local and temporal information. We describe a new domain characterization and present a visualization design that allows coaches to analyse the data, structuring their analysis and explore the data from different perspectives. A central element of the tool is the glyph design to intuitively represent and aggregate multiple aspects of the sensor data. We have conducted multiple user studies with naive users, sailors and coaches to evaluate the design and potential of the overall tool.

     

Links between different stabilities of switched homogeneous systems with delays and uncertainties

This paper addresses the links between three stabilities (attractivity, asymptotic stability, and exponential stability) of switched homogeneous systems with delays and uncertainties. A system has a certain property over a given set of switching signals if the property holds for all switching signals in . It is shown that a switched homogeneous system of degree one is exponentially stable over a given set of switching signals if it is attractive or asymptotically stable over the same set. The result is then applied to switched linear systems with delays and uncertainties. Finally, an example follows to show that ‘being over a given set of switching signals’ is necessary to guarantee the equivalence between different stabilities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Broadband polarization rotator for arbitrary angles with enhanced substrate integrated waveguide cavities

A broadband polarization rotator for rotating linear polarization to every intended angle is introduced. The proposed rotator is constituted of frequency selective surface and enhanced substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavities. Considering the current distribution of circular or square SIW cavity dominant modes, two slots are inserted on the front and back surfaces of the enhanced SIW cavities where the arrows of distributed current are orthogonal to them. Accordingly, the angle between the input and output slots determines the amount of polarization rotation. Moreover, a method of cascading enhanced circular and square SIW cavities for the proposed structure is analyzed to produce a sharper roll‐off response in stop‐bands. Design and simulation of the proposed method are presented for , _, and polarization rotators in Ka frequency band with 35 GHz central frequency. To verify the proposed method, a prototype of polarization rotator is fabricated and measured. The measurement demonstrates 18.8% bandwidth which proves broadband performance of the proposed structure.     

Decentralized weighted control for a class of large‐scale systems with multi‐modes

In this paper, the control synthesis problem for a class of large‐scale systems with multi‐modes that are called large‐scale switched systems is addressed. By introducing the concept of decentralized switching signal and the relevant decentralized average dwell time, the asymptotic stability and weighted ?₂ gain performance are investigated. It should be noted that the decentralized switching covers general switching cases for large‐scale switched systems, namely, it admits both time‐dependent switching signal and arbitrary switching signal blended in the decentralized switching. Then, on the basis of the analysis results, the decentralized weighted control scheme including state feedback controller gains and switching signals is studied. Several design algorithms are proposed to meet different controller design problems. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate theoretical findings within this paper. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.