基于高阶逻辑的复杂结构数据半监督聚类

半监督聚类近年来成为了机器学习和数据挖掘领域的研究热点.目前存在的半监督聚类方法都采用属性-值的知识表示方式.但属性-值语言在表示复杂结构数据时存在很多弊端,而基于高阶逻辑的知识表示语言Escher能较好地表示复杂结构数据.在Fscher的知识表示方式下,首先当先验知识是实例之间的约束信息时,提出了搜索K-Means算法的K个初始质心的方法;其次,时先验知识不完全、能够发现的初始质心的个数,r小于K的情况,提出了搜索其余的K-r个初始质心的算法MSS-KMeans和SMSS-KMeans;最后在复杂结构数据集上,验证了所提算法的可行性.最终的实验结果表明,基于高阶逻辑知识表示方式的丰监督聚类方法要优于基于属性-值语言的半监督聚类方法.     

基于高阶逻辑的复杂结构归纳学习研究

归纳学习的目的在于发现样例与离散的类之间的映射关系,样例及归纳的映射都需用某个形式化语言描述.归纳学习器采用的形式化语言经历了属性-值语言、一阶逻辑、类型化的高阶逻辑三个阶段,后者能克服前二者在知识表达及学习过程中的很多缺点.本文首先阐述了基于高阶逻辑的复杂结构归纳学习产生的历史背景;其次介绍了基于高阶逻辑的编程语言--Escher的知识描述形式及目前已提出的三种学习方法;复杂结构的归纳学习在机器学习领域的应用及如何解决一些现实问题的讨论随后给出; 最后分析了复杂结构归纳学习的研究所面临的挑战性问题.     

基于高阶逻辑的硬件验证方法

本文讨论了如何利用高阶逻辑描述硬件的行为及结构，提出了硬件验证的一般方法，高阶逻辑不仅可以作为一种描述语言用来描述硬件的行为及结构，而且可以作为证明系统用来验证硬件设计的正确性。文中给出的用以说明描述及验证的例子包括ＣＭＯＳ反相器、复位的奇偶校验器。     

基于时序逻辑的时序数据库中知识发现方法

知识发现是一个众多学科诸如人工智能、机器学习、模式识别、统计学、数据库和知识库、数据可视化等相互交叉、融合所形成的一个新兴的且具有广阔应用前景的领域。目前国际上对知识发现的研究与开发进展很快。众多现实世界(如天气预报、电信、金融)的数据库中数据都是随时间变化的,即数据具有时序性。目前,时序数据库中的知识发现问题正逐渐引起KDD研究者的兴趣。本文首先给出时     

一种类比知识表示与逻辑描述

本文叙述了一个以情境为单位基于情境间的整体部分关系的类比知识表示系统，给出了描述这种知识结构的内涵命题逻辑的语法，语义和公理系统，用实例说明了情境的联接不是逻辑与关系。     

A hybrid,decidable, logic-based knowledge representation system1

The major problem with using standard first-order logic as a basis for knowledge representation systems is its undecidability. A variant of first-order tautological entailment, a simple version of relevance logic, has been developed that has decidable inference and thus overcomes this problem. However, this logic is too weak for knowledge representation and must be strengthened. One way to strengthen the logic is to create a hybrid logic by adding a terminological reasoner. This must be done with care to retain the decidability of the logic as well as its reasonable semantics. The result, a stronger decidable logic, is used in the design of a hybrid, decidable, logic-based knowledge representation system.     

A decidable first-order logic for knowledge representation

Decidable first-order logics with reasonable model-theoretic semantics have several benefits for knowledge representation. These logics have the expressive power of standard first order logic along with an inference algorithm that will always terminate, both important considerations for knowledge representation. Knowledge representation systems that include a faithful implementation of one of these logics can also use its model-theoretic semantics to provide meanings for the data they store. One such logic, a variant of a simple type of first-order relevance logic, is developed and its properties described. This logic, although extremely weak, does capture a non-trivial and well-motivated set of inferences that can be entrusted to a knowledge representation system.This is a revised and much extended version of a paper of the same name that appears in the Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Los Angeles, California, 1985.     

基于模糊逻辑推理的WSNs非均匀分簇算法

为了进一步降低无线传感网络WSNs(Wireless Sensor Networks)能耗,拓延网络寿命,提出了基于模糊逻辑推理的WSNs非均匀分簇算法,记为DUCF.DUCF算法充分考虑了节点剩余能量、节点度以及离基站距离.根据经验制定模糊规则,通过模糊推理系统得到节点当选为簇头的几率和簇尺寸.DUCF算法形成非均匀簇,进而平衡簇头间的能量消耗.仿真结果表明,DUCF算法在网络寿命、能量消耗方面的性能优于LEACH、CHEF和EAUCF算法.     

一种有效聚类算法的研究和实现

提出了一个基于数学形态学的三维空间聚类算法。该算法通过闭合运算,将空间对象聚成类,一次完成三维空间聚类,可以快速处理非凸的、复杂的聚类形状。由于该算法基于数学形态学,所以易于实现其高性能并行算法。采用实例将算法与普通聚类算法进行了性能比较。     

Confirmation-Guided Discovery of First-Order Rules with Tertius

This paper deals with learning first-order logic rules from data lacking an explicit classification predicate. Consequently, the learned rules are not restricted to predicate definitions as in supervised inductive logic programming. First-order logic offers the ability to deal with structured, multi-relational knowledge. Possible applications include first-order knowledge discovery, induction of integrity constraints in databases, multiple predicate learning, and learning mixed theories of predicate definitions and integrity constraints. One of the contributions of our work is a heuristic measure of confirmation, trading off novelty and satisfaction of the rule. The approach has been implemented in the Tertius system. The system performs an optimal best-first search, finding the k most confirmed hypotheses, and includes a non-redundant refinement operator to avoid duplicates in the search. Tertius can be adapted to many different domains by tuning its parameters, and it can deal either with individual-based representations by upgrading propositional representations to first-order, or with general logical rules. We describe a number of experiments demonstrating the feasibility and flexibility of our approach.     

一种以领域知识为中心的知识发现过程模型

针对知识发现在实际应用中的问题,提出了一种以领域知识为中心的知识发现过程模型,并将其形式化,描述了其动态语义。与已有的知识发现过程模型相比,此过程模型更能体现知识发现过程的本质特性,同时具有严格的形式化基础,为知识发现系统的设计和实际的知识发现应用提供了一个新的参考。     

Kernels and Distances for Structured Data

This paper brings together two strands of machine learning of increasing importance: kernel methods and highly structured data. We propose a general method for constructing a kernel following the syntactic structure of the data, as defined by its type signature in a higher-order logic. Our main theoretical result is the positive definiteness of any kernel thus defined. We report encouraging experimental results on a range of real-world data sets. By converting our kernel to a distance pseudo-metric for 1-nearest neighbour, we were able to improve the best accuracy from the literature on the Diterpene data set by more than 10%.     

Embedding defaults into terminological knowledge representation formalisms

We consider the problem of integrating Reiter's default logic into terminological representation systems. It turns out that such an integration is less straightforward than we expected, considering the fact that the terminological language is a decidable sublanguage of first-order logic. Semantically, one has the unpleasant effect that the consequences of a terminological default theory may be rather unintuitive, and may even vary with the syntactic structure of equivalent concept expressions. This is due to the unsatisfactory treatment of open defaults via Skolemization in Reiter's semantics. On the algorithmic side, we show that this treatment may lead to an undecidable default consequence relation, even though our base language is decidable, and we have only finitely many (open) defaults. Because of these problems, we then consider a restricted semantics for open defaults in our terminological default theories: default rules are applied only to individuals that are explicitly present in the knowledge base. In this semantics it is possible to compute all extensions of a finite terminological default theory, which means that this type of default reasoning is decidable. We describe an algorithm for computing extensions and show how the inference procedures of terminological systems can be modified to give optimal support to this algorithm.This is a revised and extended version of a paper presented at the3rd International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, October 1992, Cambridge, MA.