A high-density multi-point LAPS set-up using a VCSEL array and FPGA control

A new LAPS (light-addressable potentiometric sensor) set-up will be introduced, in which the light sources are miniaturised by the utilisation of a VCSEL (vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser) array to increase the measurement spot density. An FPGA (field-programmable gate array) is used to generate modulation signals for individual illumination of each measurement spot of the LAPS. The new set-up can operate a large number of measurement spots simultaneously by reading out the sum photocurrent and separate the signals of the individual measurement spots by an FFT analysis. The frequency, amplitude and offset of the modulation signal can be configured for each measurement spot by software. The new system can be combined with a positioning stage allowing the parallel read out of a single line of measurement spots and a scan perpendicular to that line in a similar manner, like for an optical scanner set-up. First measurements demonstrate the functionality of the new LAPS set-up as a chemical imaging system.     

Constant-phase-mode operation of the light-addressable potentiometric sensor

The constant-phase-mode operation of the light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is proposed and demonstrated. In this new operation mode, the temporal change and the spatial distribution of the analyte concentration are recorded in the form of the bias voltage applied to the LAPS sensor plate, which is servo-controlled to maintain the phase of the photocurrent at a constant value with respect to the light modulation. The constant-phase-mode LAPS is advantageous for its wider measurement range and reduction of artifacts.     

光寻址电位传感器及其应用

光寻址电位传感器(LAPS)是一种基于半导体光电效应的化学传感器,在稳定性、重复性、灵敏度、准确性和响应速度等方面具有优良的性能。介绍了LAPS的基本原理和测量方法,阐述了LAPS在细胞传感器、图像传感器、金属离子敏感薄膜传感器、气体传感器及生物医学领域中的应用,并对其存在问题和研究方向进行了总结和展望。     

光寻址电位传感器阵列信号处理仿真研究

基于微透镜和频率调制盘的设计,提出了光寻址电位传感器阵列(LAPS)中光脉冲阵列的频率调制方法和基本的测量系统.采用Matlab对LAPS阵列可能检测到的光电流信号进行快速傅立叶变换(FFT)和小波分析的仿真.从仿真得到的频谱图,各频率的脉冲光所对应的光电流能够分辨出来,进一步证明多频率脉冲光源LAPS传感器阵列具有很好的频域分辨率,从而得到LAPS阵列对应各个传感元的信号,为实际LAPS阵列器件的制作和信号处理提供了理论依据.     

光寻址电位式传感器在有机磷检测上的应用

通过将乙酰胆碱酯酶用戊二醛交联法固定在光寻址电位式传感器的H+敏Si3N4膜上,即可用于检测有机磷农药。介绍了该传感器的工作原理及制作方法,并且分析探讨了缓冲溶液和乙酰胆碱底液的影响,还给出了在不同抑制时间和不同有机磷浓度下的响应特性。实验表明这是一种简捷灵敏、高效实用的有机磷农药检测新方法。     

压缩感知理论及其在成像技术中的应用

在传统的Shannon/Nyquist采样定理指导下,信号处理往往面临两大难题:A/D转换器技术的限制和海量采样数据的处理压力.压缩感知(CS)理论表明当信号具有稀疏性或可压缩性时,可以通过全局非自适应线性投影的方式,用远低于Shannon/Nyquist采样定理要求的频率获取信号的全部信息.以CS理论为基础的压缩成像(CI)技术在近年来得到了快速的发展.在概述CS理论的基础上,着重介绍了CI技术的原理及其发展状况,并从稀疏分解、观测矩阵的构造和重建算法3个方面对其关键问题进行了分析.CI系统可以显著节省感光器件的数量,避免了传统成像技术"先采样再压缩"方式带来的资源浪费.     

LAPS型电子舌神经网络味觉识别

根据光寻址电位传感器(LAPS)原理,提出一种结合主成分分析和反向传播(BP)神经网络识别溶液味觉的方法。对LAPS电子舌采集的味觉数据主成分进行提取,将该主成分作为BP神经网络的训练样本,通过训练和学习构建味觉数据与味觉类别之间的联系,用训练后的BP网络对溶液进行味觉识别。对浓度分别为20 ppm、100 ppm、300 ppm和500 ppm的酸、甜、苦、咸、鲜5种味觉溶液进行识别验证,准确率达96.6%,结果表明该方法能够在不同浓度下正确识别出溶液的味觉。     

掺杂PdO敏感电极对丙烯的气敏性能研究

为了研究并提升氧化钯(PdO)敏感电极的气敏性能,采用Ni,La和Mg元素对PdO进行掺杂.通过掺杂前后PdO的表征实验对比,发现掺杂作用不仅改变晶格参数,同时也影响晶体中的缺陷.在对丙烯气敏测试中,Ni和La掺杂的PdO敏感电极提高了传感器气敏灵敏度.对于掺杂提高气敏响应的机理,我们根据不同元素掺杂对PdO气敏反应的不同作用,讨论了氧化物缺陷对PdO催化活性的影响.晶体中的氧缺陷可以提高氧化物的催化活性,使传感器具有较高的灵敏度.具有掺杂PdO敏感电极对氧气和多种气体的选择性测试,表现出对丙烯气体具有较高的选择性.     

Hg2 + 离子传感器的最新研究进展

综述了汞离子传感器的最新研究进展，主要介绍了利用光化学传感器、离子选择电极和生物传感器检测汞离子的状况，重点分析比较了功能材料和传感器特性。在此基础上，介绍了我们的研究情况，通过两个阶段的固相反应合成了汞离子传感器，并且通过激光脉冲沉积(PLD)技术把靶材(汞离子传感器)制备在光寻址电位传感器(LAPS)的表面上，形成薄膜，实现了汞离子传感器的微型化。     

液晶化学传感器的关键技术与应用研究进展

液晶化学传感器是一种基于液晶分子排列取向发生变化来检测目标物存在与否的化学检测新装置。对液晶化学传感器的制备方法与应用进行了综述,并对该领域的发展方向进行了展望。     

A nano-copper electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of chemical oxygen demand

Copper nanoparticle (nano-Cu) was electrodeposited on the surface of Cu disk electrode under −1 V for 60 s, and then used to construct an electrochemical sensor for chemical oxygen demand (COD). The electrochemical oxidation behavior of glycine, a standard compound for evaluating the COD, was investigated. The potential shifts negatively, and the current increases greatly at the surface of nano-Cu, indicating remarkable enhancement effect on the detection of COD. The analytical conditions such as electrolyte, deposition potential, deposition time and detected potential were studied. As a result, a sensitive, simple and rapid electroanalytical method was developed for COD using amperometric detection. The linear range is from 4.8 to 600 mg L⁻¹, and the limit of detection is as low as 3.6 mg L⁻¹. Moreover, this method exhibits high tolerance level to chloride ion, and 0.02 M chloride ion has no influence. Finally, the sensor was used to detect the COD values of different water samples, and the results were testified by the standard dichromate method.     

高分子膜及其在光纤气体传感器中的应用

高分子膜具有制备简单、性能稳定以及与指示剂相容性好等特点,是光纤气体传感器中固定指示剂的优良基质材料。简单介绍了用于光纤气体传感器的高分子膜的特点、制备方法及其性能影响因素,综述了近年来基于高分子膜的光纤气体传感器的研究进展。     

基于微加工技术的集成细胞芯片的实验研究

细胞电生理检测芯片已成为后基因时代生物科学研究的重要工具,但是目前的细胞胞外电生理测试工具发展迅速,但存在功能单一化、指标不够稳定的缺点,如信噪比较低,难于重复与对照,且不能实现多参数同时检测,已成为细胞电生理快速分析发展的瓶颈。集成型细胞芯片通过传感器件的网络化和集成化,将细胞的电学信息、化学信息、动力学信息等生理活动信息转换为可检测的信号,并细化为微观信息量进行实时分析,实现快速微量的细胞功能信息和待测物质性质的检测,在细胞生物学、环境监测和药物开发等领域有广泛应用前景。本文设计了一种新型的集成了细胞微电极阵列、电阻抗传感器及光寻址电位传感器三个传感单元的阵列化芯片,首先分析了各单元用于细胞电生理测量的界面模型;在此基础上重点分析了各细胞传感器单元的特性曲线测试、表面处理测试,并初步进行细胞电生理参数的分析。结果显示,MEA加入测试液测试后,噪声水平在80μV左右,且器件适于细胞培养及动作电位测试;IDA器件上培养的肾细胞在药物作用下会引起细胞阻抗变化率12%～16%的变化;LAPS器件的酸化率灵敏度在50.65mV/pH,在肾细胞酸化率测试中,高浓度5-氟尿嘧啶会引起的细胞正常代谢率下降(相对酸化率下降50%)。说明药物浓度越大,作用时间越长,对细胞的活性影响越大,这与IDA器件的测试结果一致。最后得到了在器件特性、系统优化及细胞测试的一些初步结果,对芯片进行了芯片各单元的互补性分析,为细胞传感器的多功能化发展开拓了一个新的应用领域。     

Preparation of chemical vapor sensing materials from composites of esterified poly(vinyl alcohol) and carbon black

Poly(vinyl alcohol) was modified by esterification to prepare poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers. The degree of esterification on poly(vinyl alcohol) was elucidated by FTIR, ¹H NMR, and elemental analysis. The obtained products were poly(vinyl benzoate)-co-poly(vinyl alcohol) (B-PVA) and poly(vinyl p-toluoate)-co-poly(vinyl alcohol) (P-PVA). The chemical vapor sensors were fabricated by the mixtures of polymer and carbon black in dimethyl sulfoxide and their subsequent preparation as thin films onto the interdigited electrodes by the application of the spin-coating technique. The chemical vapor sensing properties of the sensors were examined with various solvents, such as hexane, toluene, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, and water. The experimental results indicated that modifying the chemical structure of PVA results in the decreased polarity of the obtained products. The composites of modified PVA consequently responded well to low polarity solvents, such as THF or ethyl acetate.     

指纹传感器及其在"指纹鼠标"中的应用

指纹传感器（FPS200）运用图像搜索技术,通过改变传感器电容阵列参数,能在1s内扫描多帧指纹图像,并自动选择质量最好的供后端进行相应处理,显著减低系统误识率,拒识率,主要介绍基于该传感器开发的“指纹鼠标”,根据鼠标内部较大空间,传感器FPS200及微处理器体积很小的特点,将三者集成为集鼠标与用户身份识别功能于一体,既方便快捷,又唯一可靠,实践证明,它能为计算机用户提供完善的身份认证,在诸多领域有着极其广泛的用途。     

化学标识语言(CML)在QSAR/QSPR研究中的应用

从QSAR／QSPR的角度,介绍了化学标识语言(Chemical Markup Language,CML)及其研究过程中的应用。通过对JUM-BO生成的CML代码分析,从中提取出用于拓扑指数计算的有效信息,利用基于直观队列命名法(Heuristic Queue Notation,HQN)系统和Visual Basic语言设计的拓扑指数计算软件ChemCal,方便地得到用于描述分子结构信息的矩阵,并计算出相关的拓扑指数,以便进一步研究QSAR／QSPR。此外,还介绍了CML的优点和国内外对CML的研究现状。     

基于WSNs的无线层析成像定位算法的改进

基于无线传感器网络（ WSNs）的无源被动定位技术,因无需目标携带任何电子标签,成为当前传感器网络定位领域的研究热点之一。无线层析成像（ RTI ）定位算法因计算量轻,可实时定位在无源被动定位系统中广泛应用。但目前RTI算法,因未考虑因测量噪声引起的伪位置,这造成目标的真实位置与个数无法辨识。提出使用高斯核滤波的方法消除RTI中的伪位置,实验证明：该方法可行,有效。     

Directional EMD and its application to texture segmentation

Image processing has been a subject with systematic theory and extensive applica-tions including video processing, medical image processing, remote sensing image processing and the techniques attracting attention recently such as biometrics and visual surveillance, etc. Since multi-scale is one of the main features of natural images, there have been a series of methods for representing the quality of images such as multi-scale technique based on diffusion equation[1], that based on morphologica…     

边际关联分析及其在表情识别中的应用

提出了一种基于边际关联分析MCA的人脸表情识别方法。传统的CCA、MML等处理的是所有训练样本的全局关联系数。受关联分析和边际学习启发,MCA专注于样本与对应类标间的个体关联,而非整体或全局关联。基于JAFFE和CED-WYU两个表情数据库的识别结果证实了MCA特征提取方法的有效性。     

The application of back-scattered electron imaging for characterization of pearlitic steels

The microstructures of pearlitic steel wire rods and steel wires are commonly characterized by secondary electron imaging (SEI)technique using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).In this work,a back-scattered electron imaging(BSEI)method is proposed to determine the microstructures of undeformed and deformed pearlitic steels with nanometer scale pearlite lamellae.The results indicate that BSEI technique can characterize the pearlite lamellas veritably and is effective in quantitative measurement of the mean s...