最佳二进阵列偶理论研究

提出了阵列偶和阵列偶自相关函数的概念,定义了最佳二进阵列偶;讨论了二进阵列偶体积、变换性质以及一类最佳二进阵列偶,得到了最佳二进阵列偶存在的必要条件,给出了小体积的最佳二进阵列偶。     

弧形智能天线阵列结构

智能天线是当前通信领域的热门技术之一,常规的天线阵列有均匀直线阵列和均匀圆形阵列。本文提出了弧形智能天线阵列结构,把直线阵和圆阵统一到弧形阵列结构体系中,并分析了弧形阵列的独特优点。最后根据实际提供阵列结构优化参数,为阵列结构优化开拓了思路。     

Conical array studies

Present requirements for wide-band spread-spectrum techniques for many applications offer attractive potential uses for circular symmetric arrays. Since rigorous analytical techniques are not available to investigate conical array characteristics, experimental techniques can be used to simulate scanning of the conical array. This paper describes techniques that give some insight into the behavior of conical arrays of dipoles. A projected distribution is used to simulate array properties such as beamwidth, sidelobe level, and polarization. Comparisons with a similar cylindrical array are made. Element patterns are examined to determine if behavior is similar to known behavior of element patterns for the cylindrical array. Finally, a conical sector experimental array is used to simulate selected "scanned" beam positions to determine array behavior, i.e., beamwidth, scan limits, polarization, and sidelobe level. Experimental and calculated array patterns, element patterns, and polarization data are given.     

Systolic arrays for Viterbi processing in communication systemswith a time-dispersive channel

The theory and design of systolic arrays for Viterbi processing in communication systems with a time-dispersive time-varying channel is discussed. The architecture, algorithms, and processor elements, for a two-dimensional systolic array are described. The array supports the branch metric computations required for an adaptive Viterbi processor. The array is designed so that computations propagate along the rows of the array, while data symbols propagate along the columns. All interprocessor data flow and connections within the array are nearest-neighbor. The array illustrates how the Viterbi-processor algorithms can be structured to achieve a high degree of computational concurrency. Variations in the array design are described and evaluated in terms of computational resource requirements and utilization and computational throughput. A high-bandwidth memory interface is proposed, and system design considerations are discussed     

The effect of a finite-distance signal source on a far-fieldsteering Applebaum array-two dimensional array case

Approximate expressions are obtained for the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) expressed in terms of the finite signal distance and signal direction for a finite-distance signal source's effect on the performance of a far-field steering two-dimensional Applebaum-type adaptive array. The expression is shown to be consistent with the actual simulated value. Using that expression, a simplified rule is obtained to determine the distance between the signal source and the array center at which the output SNR loss is given by a specific value. The SNR value so obtained varied with two-dimensional signal direction. The analysis for the case of an arbitrarily located array is presented, followed by the cases for rectangular, circular and elliptical arrays. It was found that this distance associated with the given SNR value is always less for a rectangular array than that of a linear array when the total number of array elements for both are equal and the performances of an elliptical array are similar to those of a circular array     

Element Failure Correction for a Large Monopulse Phased Array Antenna With Active Amplitude Weighting

Recently a new method is introduced to synthesize low sidelobe patterns for planar array antennas with a periodic element arrangement. The method makes use of the property that for a planar array with periodic spacing of the elements, an inverse Fourier transform relationship exists between the array factor and the element excitations. This property is used in an iterative way to derive the array element excitations from the prescribed array factor. The same method is also able to partially compensate the degradation of the sidelobe and gain performance of array patterns due to element failures. Numerical examples of array-failure correction using this method are given for ultralow sidelobe sum and difference patterns of a 5800-element circular array where the failed elements are randomly dispersed across the aperture. The tapers in this array are created exclusively by active weighting in the transmit/receive (T/R) modules using variable gain control.     

Extending the concept of IIR filtering to array processing using approximate spatial IIR structure

Various array processing techniques applied to uniform linear arrays are involuntarily realized using structures that are analogous to finite impulse response filters. This observation leads to the following question: “can we extend infinite impulse response (IIR) filtering to array processing?”. In this paper, we introduce the concept of IIR array in spatial domain. Note that IIR array here does not mean time-domain IIR filtering for array beamforming which is commonly understood. This paper is dedicated to the study of an alternate approach for array signal processing which defines IIR structure in spatial domain. To illustrate the applicability of the concept of IIR array, we propose a new direction-of-arrival estimation technique as well as a beamformer with the spatial domain IIR array implementation. The performance of the proposed methods are comparable to the existing techniques. These illustrations are intended to introduce a new approach which potentially can offer more degrees of freedom to control the performance of the array and reduce the complexity of the system for a desired performance.     

宽带非均匀阵列测向技术研究

宽带阵列测向系统的测向精度、测向分辨率和测向模糊等性能与阵列结构关系密切。文章首先介绍了宽带非均匀阵列设计方法和阵列测向算法,并给出了一个宽带非均匀阵列的测向仿真结果以及相应的理论分析,在宽带条件下采用非均匀布阵方式可实现信号的高精度测向。     

双准最佳二进阵列偶的研究

本文定义了一种新的最佳信号即双准最佳二进列偶，讨论了双准最佳二进阵列偶的变换性质；用计算机搜索出一些小体积的双准最佳二进阵列偶；并给出了构造双准与准最佳二进阵列偶的方法。     

Receiver array calibration using disparate sources

We present a new array calibration procedure for over-the-horizon (OTH) radar, using disparate sources. Unlike previous array calibration methods, which require a specific type or class of sources for calibrating the array, the method we propose can use combinations of single-mode, multimode, and near-field sources; each source with either known or unknown DOAs (directions-of-arrival). Multidimensional MUSIC is exploited for time-invariant DOA sources, while single-snapshot techniques are used for sources that have time-varying DOAs. A nonlinear separable least-squares solution to the array calibration problem is used to estimate the array coupling matrix and sensor positions. Simulation results indicate that good estimates are obtained for the unknown parameters and further the array sidelobe levels and bearing errors are significantly reduced when these estimated parameters are used in array processing. The algorithm performance was also compared with the Cramer-Rao lower bound and found to be statistically efficient     

Virtual array synthesis method for planar array antennas

A new array antenna synthesis method, which we call the virtual array synthesis method, is presented. In this method, the excitation values of a virtual array are synthesized using some known synthesis method. The geometry of the virtual array can be chosen so that there will be a suitable synthesis method for that geometry and the synthesis of the virtual array can be done accurately enough. In the synthesis method presented, the excitation values of the virtual array are transformed into the excitation values of the actual array geometry. Matrix operations are simple and large arrays can be easily synthesized     

适于一维相控阵宽角扫描的非对称单脊波导裂缝线源

非对称单脊波导裂缝线源是一种新型相控阵天线辐射单元。由该种单元垂直放置构成的平面相控阵天线在水平面可实现宽角(60)扫描,在波束扫描时,还可以避免寄生副瓣的出现。同时,该种单元本身在垂直面易于实现较低的副瓣电平。本文从理论和实验上对非对称单脊波导裂缝阵天线进行了研究,解决了该种线源设计过程中的基本理论和关键技术。十六单元样品线源远场实验结果与理论值的一致性说明了本文的理论分析和实现途径是正确有效的。     

Sidelobe level and wideband behavior of arrays of random subarrays

We propose an extension to the concept of random antenna arrays. Three new array geometries are introduced which are intended to incorporate the wide bandwidth capability of a random array while having simplified geometry to increase their suitability for lower-cost applications. The behaviors of the periodic array of random subarrays, array of periodically rotated random subarrays, and array of randomly rotated random subarrays are each characterized probabilistically. Results indicate that subarray rotation can lower the sidelobe level of the array factor. An example of the design process is presented with calculated array factors.     

A synthesis of array antennas for high directivity and low sidelobes

By application of a Gegenbauer polynomial, pattern synthesis of array antennas which have high directivity and low sidelobe level is investigated. A Chebyshev or uniform-amplitude array is included as a special case of the result obtained. The current amplitudes of the array elements are represented by a Jacobi polynomial and are easily calculated. It is shown by numerical calculations for a linear array and a hexagonal planar array that there is an optimum directivity for a specified sidelobe level within a class of Gegenbauer-polynomial patterns.     

一种最小冗余线阵的目标DOA估计方法

针对目标波达方向(DOA)估计的子空间类算法工程实现上的问题,提出了一种次最小冗余线阵的目标DOA估计方法。该方法应用孔径合成理论和最小冗余线阵理论,在保证阵列孔径等价的前提下,从工程应用的实际问题出发,对次最小冗余线阵的阵元配置进行研究。在分析MUSIC及MMUSIC算法的基础上,对次最小冗余线阵进行仿真。通过与相同孔径的均匀线阵和最小冗余线阵对比表明,次最小冗余线阵与相同孔径的均匀线阵性能相仿,并有更小的计算复杂度,比最小冗余线阵有更大的阵元灵活性,可以解决一般最小冗余线阵不能解决的相干信源的DOA估计问题。     

ZCZ屏蔽阵列偶集的研究

 将最佳屏蔽阵列偶应用于ZCZ (零相关区)阵列中,提出了一种新的ZCZ阵列偶集的构造方法.通常的ZCZ阵列集构造方法是基于最佳阵列的,而本文是将最佳屏蔽阵列偶和正交矩阵相结合,通过选择适当的移位序列,经交织变换可以生成具有一定体积和零相关区的ZCZ屏蔽阵列偶集.由于最佳屏蔽阵列偶的存在范围较广泛,弥补了最佳周期阵列体积受限的缺陷,因而使用本文的方法构造出的ZCZ屏蔽阵列偶集具有较大的容量,可以更好地满足实际工程的需要.     

换能器阵列形式对指向性的影响

针对声波定向换能器阵列形式对指向性的影响问题,该文根据声波叠加原理,从理论上推导了圆形活塞换能器阵的三维指向性计算公式。在此基础上,利用该理论公式,对24个压电换能器阵元分别布为4×6阵列、5×5-1阵列、3×8阵列、2×12阵列的指向性进行了分析,发现不同阵列形式三维指向性存在明显差异;方阵在各方向上指向性近似相同,而长方形阵则随长宽比的增大,在长、宽方向上的指向性差异增大。     

A phase-locked receiving array for high-frequency communications use

An automatically phased HF receiving array using separate RF amplifiers for each element and IF signal combination is discussed. The type of array considered corrects essentially all phase errors between the distant transmitter and the point where the received signals are combined. This includes errors due to the propagation path, array element motion, near-field obstructions, and instabilities in electronic equipment and RF cables. The array also corrects phase shifts due to changes in angle of arrival, thus giving it the highly desirable property of automatically tracking a desired signal. The effects of interference on array performance and methods for minimizing these effects are discussed. The effect of a single monochromatic interfering signal is discussed in some detail, and results showing regions of acceptable and unacceptable performance in terms of the ratio of desired-to-interfering signal strength and the difference between desired and interfering signal frequencies are presented. A six-element experimental array is described, a technique for measuring patterns is discussed, and measured array patterns are compared with calculated array patterns.     

Wide-band adaptive array processing using pole-zero digital filters

Conventional broad-band array processing is accomplished by linearly combining the outputs of tapped-delay lines attached to each sensor of an array. This type of processing can be interpreted as using an all-zero digital filter at each sensor to generate a frequency-dependent magnitude and phase shift (weighting) over the array operating bandwidth. A new array processing method is presented which uses digital filters having both poles and zeros to perform the frequency-dependent array weighting. Several algorithms for adapting the pole-zero array filters are introduced. Computer simulations are then presented demonstrating the potential for substantial improvement in broad-band interference nulling provided by pole-zero array processing.     

Performance of a protruding-dielectric waveguide element in a phased array

A solution for the active array reflection coefficient in a two-dimensional array of parallel-plate-guide fed protruding-dielectric elements is presented. Analysis for this class of elements is not available in the literature. Element pattern nulls are found as in the case of dielectric-slab-covered arrays. The resonance mechanisms are also shown to be similar. Bandwidth properties of this array are briefly considered. A good agreement with experiments on two small arrays is found. Departures from infinite array theory, which take the form of a ripple on the flat portion of the element patterns and dips beyond the grating lobe angle, are shown to result from the finiteness of the arrays. These edge effects may be interpreted as arising from the interference between the "space wave," i.e., the infinite array element pattern and the fields radiated by the sources induced at the array edges by a wave traveling along the array face.