海参罐头杀菌工艺技术研究

研究了海参罐头的杀菌工艺。准确的测量海参罐头在杀菌过程中的蒸汽温度、汤汁温度、海参冷点温度,以F值、羟脯氨酸含量、质量损失率、TPA分析、感官评分为衡量杀菌工艺的指标,在杀菌温度为在121℃下,探究最佳的杀菌条件。计算得出了海参罐头杀菌的F值,并绘制海参罐头的加热温度曲线、汤汁及海参冷点的致死率曲线;确定了海参罐头的最佳杀菌工艺为10min-12min-10min/121℃,在此条件下,可以达到海参罐头的杀菌要求,同时最大程度的避免了海参罐头营养成分的损失。      

酱汁鲍鱼硬罐头杀菌工艺及流变学性质研究

目的：确定酱汁鲍鱼硬罐头最佳杀菌工艺,以保证产品安全性及最大限度地保留其营养价值,并进一步描述产品流变特性,为其质量客观评价提供一定的理论依据。方法：通过考察不同杀菌条件(不同F值)对罐头主要品质指标的影响确定最佳杀菌工艺;通过应力松弛试验测定鲍鱼流变特性;通过静态及动态流变试验测定酱汁流变特性。结果：不同杀菌条件对罐头主要品质指标产生明显影响,罐头最佳杀菌工艺为12min-12min-12min/121℃(F121.1℃=3.6min);鲍鱼流变(应力松弛)特性可用二元Maxwell模型很好的描述;酱汁属于非牛顿流体,显示出一定的黏弹性及弱凝胶性质,其流变特性可用Cross方程很好的描述。结论：以F值为指导所确定的罐头最佳杀菌工艺能保证产品安全性并最大限度地保留其营养价值;所描述的产品流变特性可为其质量客观评价提供一定的理论依据。     

杏鲍菇软罐头加工和杀菌工艺

以将杏鲍菇加工成品质优良的即食软罐头为目的,分别对杏鲍菇软罐头加工、杀菌和保藏工艺进行了研究。结果表明:以杏鲍菇为主材料,莴苣、香菜、枸杞为辅料的软罐头的最佳工艺为烫菇时间5 min,淀粉浓度2.67%(质量分数),盐浓度为1.42%。最佳杀菌条件为9 k Gy辐照杀菌,该方法能有效地保持杏鲍菇软罐头的原有风味、色泽和汤汁。     

软罐头食品的杀菌

必须采用正确的杀菌方式,杀灭软罐头中的微生物,保证产品的贮藏安全和产品质量.探讨了软罐头食品中的微生物及其对微生物的控制、杀菌工艺条件的确定方法等问题.     

软罐头食品开发大有可为

<正> 所谓软罐头是指用软性材料塑料薄膜包装、密封、杀菌的包装食品。软罐头由于密封,不会受到污染,经过杀菌工序可以常温或冰箱保存,其杀菌温度可为80°—121℃以上,也可辐射杀菌,耐受高压杀     

味美健身的儿童午餐软罐头

镇江市乳品厂为断奶后的和托儿.所、幼儿园的儿童们设计了七种儿童午餐软罐头.这些产品含有蛋白质、铁、钙、维生素A和D、尼克酸、抗坏血酸等多种营养成分,附合卫生要求.软罐头以聚酯复合铝箔包装,经过了杀菌消毒,常温条件下可以保存半年时间.每份软罐头内含物重300克.食用时只需蒸煮加热或用开水浸烫即可.     

问题解答

问:马口铁罐头、玻璃瓶罐头及软罐头在杀菌工艺上有什么区别? 答:由于这三种罐头的包装材料及外形的不同,在同一品种相同的加工工艺条件下,首先是热传导参数(fn、fz、x、jn、g)及杀菌值(Fo)都不同,计算推导及实践证明的结果是:同样的杀菌规程,玻璃     

百合软罐头的加工工艺研究

采取高压和常压杀菌试验，比较了杀菌温度对百合软罐头品质的影响，提出了增加罐液酸度和添加保脆剂改进百合软罐头质量的常压杀菌加工工艺     

即食牡蛎软罐头的研制

以大连湾长牡蛎为原料,开发即食牡蛎软罐头.研究牡蛎加工过程中牡蛎的去腥配方、去腥时间、热烫时间、调味液配方、杀菌时间及杀菌温度对产品品质的影响,确定牡蛎在不同加工过程中的最佳工艺条件.     

关于软罐头、金属罐头、玻璃瓶的热穿透试验研究报告

<正>本试验说明在相同的工艺条件下、软罐头比金属罐头和玻璃瓶在加热杀菌时温度上升快、所需杀菌时间短.本试验以膨润土(Bentonite)悬浮液为模拟内容物,装入袋、罐及瓶中、浓度分别为1.O%、3.25%、5.0%、10%.在相同条件下测定它们的传热参数并作比较.本试验也作了一定数量的实罐对照.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the