DMAP-FR: Dynamic Mobility Anchor Points for Mobility,Service and Failure Recovery Management in Mobile IPv6 Systems

In this paper, we propose and analyze DMAP-FR, a mobility and service management scheme with failure recovery (FR) control in Mobile IPv6 systems. The basic idea behind DMAP-FR is to leverage access routers (ARs) running as regional mobility anchor points (MAPs) as in Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) for mobility and service management for mobile nodes (MNs). However, unlike HMIPv6, DMAP-FR allows the MAP of each MN to be determined dynamically based on the mobility and service characteristics of the MN and the failure behavior of ARs with the goal to minimize the network traffic. DMAP-FR incorporates fault tolerance mechanisms to allow the system to quickly recover from AR and MAP failures. We identify the best dynamic regional area size for the selection of MAP for each MN such that the overall network traffic due to servicing mobility, service and fault tolerance related operations is minimized. We demonstrate that DMAP-FR outperforms HMIPv6 for the same AR failure rate.     

一种新的移动IPv6移动性管理策略

在IETF制定的移动IPv6移动性管理策略中,当移动主机每次从一个子网移动到另一个子网时,都需要对家乡代理和相应的通信主机进行绑定更新,这就导致网络总的绑定和发送代价过高.本文提出了一种新的移动性管理策略,在利用现有网络结构的基础上,通过将移动主机的移动分为本地移动和家乡移动两种类型,来减少移动主机向家乡代理和相应的通信主机发送绑定更新消息,从而降低网络的绑定代价,使网络的性能得到改善.     

一个基于IPv6移动管理结构的研究

移动IPv6被认为是实现固定和移动网络结合的关键技术,它可以实现固定和移动网络的无缝连接。在移动网络中,要求数据能被快速移交,但是这个核心功能在早期的移动IPv6的版本不能得到支持。这是由于移动节点的移动性能的管理受制于家乡代理和通信伙伴节点,而且后两者往往远离移动节点。为了克服这个问题,IETF提出了分级处理的办法,但这些方法是牺牲路由优化来获取数据的快速移交。本文提出一种新的基于分级处理的移动管理结构,它可以实现在不牺牲路由的前提下,加快数据信息的快速移交。     

SMS-MIPv6: An End-to-End Mechanism for IPv6 Mobility Management in Mobile Networks

As IP has been extended from core networks to access networks, a mobile network can be considered as an overlay of a traditional cellular network and an IP network. SMS-MIPv6 attempts to integrate mobility management of these two kinds of networks. The basic idea behind SMS-MIPv6 is to exploit existing mobility management in the cellular network (i.e. in the form of well-defined short messages) to locate a Mobile Terminal (MT) in the IPv6 network. We should emphasize that the motivation of SMS-MIPv6 is not to replace or optimize existing mature mobility management schemes. On the contrary, as an entirely end-to-end mechanism for IPv6 mobility management, it provides an alternative mechanism for free peer-to-peer applications such as Voice over IP (VoIP) without support from mobile network operators. We describe the implementation of SMS-MIPv6 in detail and analyze its performance. The evaluation results show that SMS-MIPv6 achieves acceptable performance so that it can be deployed in most current mobile networks. It performs best in terms of signaling cost, data traffic overhead compared with Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) and Proxy MIPv6 (PMIPv6). Moreover, SMS-MIPv6 can reduce the handover latency significantly, although it is considered as a mobility management scheme for global mobility. However, it increases the session initialization latency due to hybrid binding through the cellular network.     

Integrated Service Mobile Internet: RSVP over Mobile IPv4&6

While the Internet keeps its penetration into every facet of life and every corner of the globe, two things stand out. One is the hunger for high quality of services to convey audio and video data. The other is the desire for ubiquitous connections. Combining the two we have an Internet that is capable of supporting multimedia communications for nomadic users on the move. To have a high quality connection, resource must be allocated along the connection path. The current Internet standard for resource reservation is RSVP (Resource reSerVation Protocol), which is receiver-initiated and allows one-to-one or one-to-many communication to have resource reserved in the path from sender to receiver(s). To support mobile users, the Internet also has the mobile IP standard. Mobile IP allows a mobile host to roam from one subnet to another seamlessly. However, several problems need to be solved before we can support QoS communications for mobile users by applying RSVP to mobile IP. In this paper, we identify four problems related to RSVP over mobile IP. The problems are the resource pre-reservation problem, the RSVP tunneling problem, the common path identification problem, and the mobile proxy problem. We also survey the various solutions proposed by many papers.     

移动IPv6下的网络移动性

综合分析了下一代移动通信中的网络移动性问题,以及各种设计需求下的不同的解决方案,并提出了网络移动的研究方向。     

A Proxy Mobile IPv6 Based Global Mobility Management Architecture and Protocol

This paper specifies a global mobility management architecture and protocol procedure called GPMIP, which is based on Proxy Mobile IPv6. In GPMIP, mobility management is performed by the network entity rather than individual mobile nodes. The benefit is the elimination of the wireless link data delivery tunnel overhead between a mobile node and the access router. To compare with the well known Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 mobility management protocol, the location update, packet delivery, and total cost functions generated by a mobile node during its average domain residence time are formulated for each protocol based on fluid flow mobility model. Then, the impacts of various system parameters on the cost functions are analyzed. The analytical results indicate that the proposed global mobility management protocol can guarantee lower total costs. Furthermore, a qualitative comparison between GPMIP and some other global management protocols is also investigated.     

一种基于代理移动IPv6的全局移动性管理结构和协议

该文定义一种基于代理移动IPv6的全局移动性管理结构和协议,简称为PMIPGMM。 在PMIPGMM中,由网络实体而不是移动节点完成移动性管理, 另外消除了移动节点和接入路由器之间分发数据的无线链路隧道负荷。为与熟知的层次移动IPv6协议比较,基于液体流移动性模型,分别给出了每个协议下,移动节点在平均域停留时间内产生的位置更新、数据分发和总费用函数。分别研究了各种系统参数对费用函数的影响。分析结果表明所提出的基于代理移动IPv6的全局移动性管理协议可以保证低的总费用。     

Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Mobility Management in Heterogeneous 3G/WLAN Networks

The research and development of next generation networks results in continuously growing in heterogeneity of wireless systems. Those systems also offer users the increasing possibility of roaming between different networks, which undoubtedly needs seamless integration. As mobile users continue to expand their requirements for seamless roaming, a good handoff mechanism is necessary especially for cellular networks and wireless local area networks. The most critical problem faced in the handoff mechanism is that users may need immediate data transmission. However, immediate data transmission is always obstructed because handoff latency occurs. In this paper, we propose a Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 handoff scheme using active measurement-foreign mobility agent to measure the residual bandwidth of each access point (AP) for handoff decision. As a result, the proposed scheme prevents whole efficiency from being affected by the registration time and improves immediate data transmission. In addition, a dual-threshold of the received signal strength is used to avoid the ping-pong effect. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the traditional Mobile IPv6 and enhanced multilayer Hierarchical Mobile IPv6.     

扩展移动IPv6以实现网络的移动

本文在深入研究和分析移动IPv6工作原理的基础上,指出了移动IPv6只支持单个节点移动这一局限性,针对这一局限性,提出了扩展移动IPv6协议以实现网络的移动,并对这种网络移动机制的原理和实现做了详细的论述。     

QoS Management Structure for Mobile IPv6

1IntroductionMobile users want to enjoy multi media and other real-ti me services in the Internet . Thus the Internet Engi-neering Task Force (IETF) has introduced the MobileIPv4[1]and Mobile IPv6[2]to interoperate seamlesslywith protocols that provide real-ti me services in the In-ternet. Multi-Protocol Label Switching ( MPLS) is afast label-based switching technology that integrates thelabel-swapping paradigm with network-layer routing[3].Resource Reservation Protocol ( RSVP)[4 ~…     

Fast RSVP: Efficient RSVP Mobility Support for Mobile IPv6

In recent years, with the development of mobile communication technologies and the increase of available wireless transmission bandwidth, deploying multimedia services in next generation mobile IPv6 networks has become an inevitable trend. RSVP (resource reservation protocol) proposed by the IETF is designed for hardwired and fixed networks and can not be used in mobile environments. This paper proposes a protocol, called Fast RSVP, to reserve resources for mobile IPv6. The protocol adopts a cross-layer design approach where two modules (RSVP module and Mobile IPv6 module) at different layers cooperate with each other. Fast RSVP divides a handover process with QoS guarantees into two stages: (1) setup of the resource reservation neighbor tunnel and (2) resource reservation on the optimized route. It can help a mobile node realize fast handover with QoS guarantees as well as avoid resource wasting by triangular routes, advanced reservations and duplicate reservations. In addition, fast RSVP reserves “guard channels” for handover sessions, thus greatly reducing the handover session forced termination rate while maintaining high performance of the network. Based on extensive performance analysis and simulations, Fast RSVP, compared with existing methods of resource reservation in mobile environments, performs better in terms of packet delay and throughput during handover, QoS recovery time after handover, resource reservation cost, handover session forced termination rate and overall session completion rate.     

Analysis of Fast Handover Mechanisms for Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Network Mobility

When a mobile network dynamically changes its point of attachment to the Internet, the various types of movements by a mobile router require handovers, and network mobility (NEMO) is concerned with the management of this movement of mobile networks. Accordingly, this paper investigates the mobile router movement patterns in NEMO network environments, and defines fast hierarchical NEMO handover scenarios based on classified movement patterns. Due to unexpected link breakdowns during the handover procedure, the NEMO handover requires additional latency and packet delivery costs depending on when the breaks occur. For the various handover failure cases, it is also essential to analyze these overhead costs to evaluate and compare the performance of a fast handover. In this paper, the overheads associated with a NEMO fast handover include the latency, buffering cost, and packet loss cost, all of which are formulated based on a timing diagram.

A Domain-Based Routing Protocol for SSM Source Mobility in Mobile IPv6 Networks

In Mobile IP, the signaling traffic overhead will be too high since the new Care-of-Address (CoA) of the mobile node (MN) is registered all the way with the home agent (HA) whenever the MN has moved into a new foreign network. To complement Mobile IP in better handling local movement, several IP micro protocols have been proposed. These protocols introduce a hierarchical mobility management scheme, which divides the mobility into micro mobility and macro mobility according to whether the host's movement is intra-domain or inter-domain. Thus, the requirements on performance and flexibility are achieved, especially for frequently moving hosts. This paper introduces a routing protocol for multicast source mobility on the basis of the hierarchical mobile management scheme, which provides a unified global architecture for both uni- and multicast routing in mobile networks. The implementation of multicast services adopts an improved SSM (Source Specific Multicast) model, which combines the advantages of the existing protocols in scalability and mobility transparency. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has better performance than the existing routing protocols for SSM source mobility.     

基于隧道的IPv6孤岛子网移动管理机制

随着IPv6的推广,很多用户终端已经开始具备IPv6机能。如何让普通用户,尤其是移动状态下的用户跨越IPv4网络享受IPv6服务,是当前研究的重要目的。文章提出一种基于隧道的IPv6孤岛子网管理机制,从理论角度简单分析优缺点,对提出的方法进行实验室环境和实际移动环境下的测试并给出简要分析。最后对现阶段的工作进行总结和展望。     

改进的移动IPv6切换管理方案

基于分层思想的移动性管理方式被大家所认同,但区域间高延迟切换影响实时业务流的应用。针对层次移动IPv6协议及扩展方案中存在的切换问题和不足,提出一种动态级联式切换管理方案,该方案通过对移动锚点（MAP）的简单扩展,以级联接力的方式消除域间切换,实现全网范围的微移动。最后用数学推导的方式对该方案的性能进行分析与比较,直观地证明了该管理方案的优越性。     

移动IPv6环境中集成RSVP信令机制

本文针对在移动无线IP网络中运行RSVP信令协议存在的问题，提出了一种把RSVP信令集成于Ipv6数据包头扩展字段的方案，以减少切换过程中资源预留路径建立的时间，为移动节点提供了服务质量保障。并将此方案和原始RSVP方案在资源预留时间和信令负荷方面进行了性能比较。     

A Comprehensive Framework for Evaluating IPv6 Based Mobility Management Protocols

Seamless mobility in future generation networks, which are envisioned to be heterogeneous in nature, is an important issue. While Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) work groups have standardized various mobility management protocols, such as Mobile IPv6 and Proxy Mobile IPv6, a comprehensive study of these protocols in terms of various performance characteristics is a challenging issue. Moreover, this study also considers the recent proposals from IETF in distributed mobility management (DMM) protocols. In this paper, a novel analytical model is developed for comparison of various mobility management protocols in terms of handover latency, as well as packet density, and packet arrival rate during the handover time by applying transport engineering principles in the field of telecommunication. The signaling cost analysis using signaling overhead incurred during protocol operations is given for each of these protocols. The number of packets that can be lost during the handover operation is also obtained using this model. Moreover, it presents a unified framework using which one can assess the performance characteristics of both host based and network based mobile IP protocols. One can also assess the performance of centralized and DMM approaches. The correctness of the proposed model is established by the fact that it leads to results similar to those obtained by applying some of the existing models. At the same time, the model allows one to obtain additional results showing the effect of packet density and packet arrival rate on the handover latency.     

承载网路由器IPv6测试分析

从IPv6测试内容入手,介绍了承载网路由器IM入网检测和运营商测试的情况,并提出了3个未来IPv6测试的关注点.