饱和铁心型超导限流器压敏电阻的实验

压敏电阻可抑制超导限流器断直流时产生的高压,同时加速直流励磁能量的释放以促使限流器交流侧快速退饱和,进入感性限流状态。为验证其保护和能量吸收作用,用NI采集卡、Labview以及其他电流电压传感器和可控的IGBT器件设计和制造了检测控制系统。对不同压敏电压等级的压敏电阻进行断直流的放电实验以验证其抑制电压的保护作用。结果表明:断直流时储存能量的释放是超导限流器产生高压的原因;励磁储能一定且压敏电阻通流量一定的条件下,压敏电压越大断直流产生的电压也越大,同时电流断开时间越小则能量释放时间越小。所得结果为设计更大容量的超导限流器,选择不同压敏电阻的压敏电压和通流量等级提供了实验和计算参考。     

浪涌抑制与电磁兼容

浪涌是低压电源线中最频繁发生的过电压和电流波动现象.研究电源线中的浪涌时不仅要分析它的电压幅值高低,还要分析它的电流和能量.电源线中浪涌抑制需要从过电压保护和电磁兼容两方面考虑.作者通过计算标准测试浪涌的波形和频谱,指出浪涌危害的主要原因和保护低压电源线与其上电子设备电磁兼容性的措施.最后计算了在交流电源中用氧化锌压敏电阻对浪涌进行限幅和泻流的一个实例.     

电涌保护器残压估算方法探讨

通过理论分析和实验验证，指出氧化锌压敏电阻和由其组成的电涌保护器，在不同冲击放电电流下的残压具有一定的关联性，进而提出电涌保护器的残压可以估算。     

Matching Surge Protective Devices to Their Environment

A method is described for the rational selection of metal oxide varistors as surge protective devices in low-voltage applications, combining data on the surge environment and device characteristics. Fuses that may be connected in series with the varistors will be exposed to current surges resulting from the varistor operation. Experimental results on the effect of repetitive current surges on such fuses are described, and some guidance is provided on the necessary derating of fuses for series applications with varistors.     

用于非线性电阻片通流容量试验的冲击方波电流源的研究

对非线性电阻片能量耐受试验用的冲击方波电流源进行了参数设计和仿真计算,得出了回路及负载参数和回路输出波形参数之间的关系。计算和试验结果表明:将人工传输线的各链电感依次由大到小按一定比例进行选择,既可以抑制波头的过冲,又可以减少方波持续期间的平顶降落,得到符合标准规定的冲击方波电流波。     

Influence of nonuniformity of ZnO varistors on their energyabsorption capability

A simple thermo-mechanical model is applied to evaluate the influence of the nonuniformity of ZnO varistor disks used in surge arresters on their energy handling capability. Puncture is the dominating failure mode for slightly nonuniform disks, but cracking becomes more likely as the degree of nonuniformities increases. It is shown that minimization of the chance of a failure of varistor disks at high-current pulses can be achieved by adjusting their resistivity in the upturn region of the I-V characteristic. Simulation of the behavior of varistor disks under high-current 4/10 μs pulses required by the ANSI standard tests shows that these tests provide very little information about the actual energy handling capability of the disks. This conclusion suggests that alternate test methods should be developed and included in the relevant standards     

Validating surge test standards by field experience: High-energytests and varistor performance

High-energy surge tests emerging in IEEE and IEC standards are addressed. The results of modeling the application of a surge test to a family of commonly used varistor sizes (14, 20, and 32 mm in diameter) are reported. For each varistor size, the computations were performed for three levels of manufacturing tolerances on the varistor: nominal value, -10%, and +10%. It is concluded that a reexamination of the premises that led to the proposed IEC test specifications is necessary. The proposals in the new version of IEEE C62.41 appear more consistent with field experience     

考虑微观特性的ZnO压敏电阻计算模拟模型

电力设备的绝缘水平建立在避雷器的过电压保护水平基础之上。ZnO压敏电阻具有优良的非线性电压-电流特性和浪涌能量吸收能力,被广泛用作电力系统避雷器的核心元件。ZnO压敏电阻的电气特性由其复杂的微结构和晶界特性决定。该文以Voronoi网络模型为基础,建立ZnO压敏电阻的微观结构模型。采用考虑晶间旁路效应的晶界分区模型,建立求解氧化锌压敏电阻宏观电气性能的大规模非线性电阻网络方程。针对难以采用常规牛顿迭代方法求解的问题,提出基于分段线性化和差分重构的快速求解优化算法,计算结果误差指标在10-3数量级以下。采用模型计算得到了尖晶石含量、晶粒尺寸不均匀度以及气孔率等微观结构参数对ZnO压敏电阻宏观电气性能的影响规律。     

高压直流断路器吸能装置各柱中电流不均衡性的研究

高压直流断路器吸能装置中氧化锌阀片的并联柱数愈多、每柱中串联的氧化锌阀片的片数愈少,则电流不均衡分布的问题愈严重.计算表明,只要合理地进行搭配吸能装置各柱中的氧化锌阀片,电流的不均衡性可以减少到很低的水平.     

振荡波两级低压浪涌保护器配合情况的实验研究

在房屋引入线处和临近灵敏设备处安装的串级式浪涌保护器,要求能以每一级最佳的工作方式共同有效地抑制系统中的过电压。对振荡过电压下两种不同浪涌保护器的配合进行了实验研究,并计算了各压敏电阻上所吸收的能量,分析了各种配合的有效性。     

500 kV线路ZnO避雷器电位分布计算与试验分析

采用一种新的模拟面电荷—表面电荷法对研制的两种５００ｋＶ悬挂式ＺｎＯ避雷器阀片柱沿面电位分布进行了计算。计算与现场实测结果进行对比,验证了计算结果的正确性。     

Metal oxide surge arrester condition monitoring based on analysis of leakage current components

This paper presents proper indicators for evaluation of the surge arrester condition based on the leakage current analysis. Maximum amplitude of fundamental harmonic of the resistive leakage current (I_mr1), maximum amplitude of third harmonic of the resistive leakage current (I_mr3) and maximum amplitude of fundamental harmonic of the capacitive leakage current have been used as indicators for surge arrester condition monitoring. The effects of operating voltage fluctuation, third order of voltage harmonic, over-voltage and varistor aging have been investigated to show the ability of introduced indicators for accurate diagnostic of arrester’s conditions. In order to have accurate values of stray capacitors, 3D-FEM has been used. Moreover, surge arrester model for calculating leakage current has been performed in ATP–EMTP. In addition, the signal processing has been done using MATLAB software. This study shows that the introduced indicators are proper criteria for surge arrester condition monitoring.     

片式压敏电阻及其应用

片式叠层压敏电阻是一种以氧化锌为主要成分的电阻性元件,这是新发展起来的,专门用来对付浪涌电压、噪声和其他瞬变电压的保护器。不像传统的压敏电阻,它的最大峰值电流和非线性程度都非常大,低于临界电压时的电阻非常大,电流很难通过。一旦过了临界电压,电阻就急剧下降,允许有很大的电流通过。这种特性对于电气和电子设备里的保护元件来说,起到了一种戏剧性的作用,很好地吸收了瞬变电压和雷电引起的浪涌。     

利用避雷器电阻阀片特性分析过电压

随着500k V架空线路遭受雷击事故的不断增加,对线路上过电压在线监测已成为国内外研究的重要课题。分析避雷器非线性电阻阀片(metal oxide varistor,MOV)在不同冲击电流下的特性,通过对500k V线路避雷器在小电流作用下的非线性电阻特性进行曲线拟合,推导金属氧化物避雷器(metal oxide arrester,MOA)末端电压与过电压的关系,利用ATP-EMTP软件对陡冲击电流作用下的避雷器及等效模型进行仿真,验证了等效模型的可行性。通过上述方式分析了非线性电阻阀片的不同特性对过电压的推导作用,从而为过电压的监测提供依据。     

氧化锌压敏电阻多片并联方法及性能分析1

MOV(金属氧化锌压敏电阻)常以多片并联的形式应用于限压型SPD(电涌保护器)中,由于其性能的优劣直接影响器件的整体保护效果,遂对MOV多片并联方法及性能进行分析,通过并联后MOV电气特性的理论与试验分析,得出MOV产生电流偏差IL的主因是由于U_(1mA)和R_d的不一致性。同时基于ATP-EMTP(电磁暂态分析软件),考虑在大电流作用下MOV的响应特性和全电流区的伏安特性,并构建电路模型,利用2 ns上升速率的方波回路和8/20μs脉冲电流发生回路进行实测,仿真MOV在不同片数下的残压与通流特性,得到多片并联后MOV的特性参数变化趋势,得出MOV 5片并联其效果相对最佳。     

电涌综合保护装置的研究

在对限幅型电涌保护器波特性分析的基础上,指出滤波环节对于提高设备电涌抑制能力和满足电磁兼容的重要性。通过计算分析得出,与压敏电阻配合的滤波电路只能采取LC型滤波电路,并总结出具体滤波电感电容参数选择的原则。最后采用电磁瞬态仿真程序EMTP对其效果进行了计算。     

低压高能压敏电阻在汽车电气回路中的应用

本文综合介绍了在汽车电气回路中可能发生的过电压,以及对低压高能压敏电阻浪涌吸收器的技术要求,并给出了应用实例。     

混合型直流真空断路器过电压分析与保护方法

介绍了混合型直流真空断路器的工作原理,分析了其面临的过电压问题。利用等效电路模型阐述了合闸过电压的产生机理,指出了关合过电压是造成换流晶闸管损坏的原因。针对限压器和阻容保护装置保护方法的不同特点,提出了金属氧化物压敏电阻MOV和阻容保护装置相结合的过电压保护措施。最后,试验验证了分析和方法选择的正确性。     

Development of polymeric surge ZnO arresters for 500-kV compact transmission line

The 500-kV polymeric ZnO surge arresters for compact transmission line against lightning overvoltage were developed and have been put into operation, which consists of arrester unit and series gap. The design of the arrester unit, including structure design, selection of ZnO varistor, parameter determination, polymeric housing design, and mechanical structure design was discussed. The design of the series gap and the determination of the series gap length were presented. The calculated results state the line surge arrester can highly improve the lightning withstand level of the compact transmission line, and the line surge arrester can withstand the effects of lightning.     

A new approach to distribution arrester design

A new distribution-class surge arrester design concept is introduced. Replacing the conventional gasket-sealed porcelain housing is an epoxy/fiberglass-wrapped metal-oxide varistor disc module, assembled inside a flexible EPM rubber housing. This PDV (polymer distribution varistor) arrester design has the advantage of minimizing the free-gas volume inside the arrester, virtually eliminating concerns of moisture ingress due to seal pumping. In the unlikely event of arrester failure, the rubber-enclosed housing eliminates exploding porcelain fragments normally associated with standard distribution-class arrester designs. Performance questions related to assembling distribution arresters inside housings molded from polymer material are addressed