"The uncertain future of clinical psychology": Erratum.

Presents an error in the original article by G. W. Albee (American Psychologist, 1970 [Dec], Vol 25[12], 1071–2080; see record 1971-08263-001). The following incorrect statement appears on page 1077, lines 15–27: "…the American Medical Association has relinquished its tax-exempt status in order to participate actively in attempts at influencing legislation…' The American Medical Association has never relinquished its Sec. 501(c) (6) tax-exempt status and continues in this category to this date. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The uncertain future of clinical psychology.

Examines the forces operating to inhibit the growth of clinical psychology, including the location of clinical training in the graduate school, the incompatibilities between a science and a profession, and the inappropriateness of the psychiatric setting and medical model. Consideration of the cost of viable alternatives includes 4 possible courses: (a) perpetuation of the Boulder model, (b) development of separate professional schools of psychology, (c) effecting a new liaison with another major profession, and (d) abandonment of clinical psychology as a separate field. Because of the difficulties in financing professional training, and the impending increased demand for teachers of psychology, it is concluded that clinical psychology, as it has developed, may decline in strength and importance for the next few years. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to Silverman's "Defense of simplicity."

Replies to criticisms of autoinstructional techniques previously described by K. R. Stafford and C. F. Combs (1967) and discusses these techniques in terms of stimulus–response models. (0 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The future of clinical psychology.

Reviews the present status of clinical psychology. An analysis is presented of the reasons for the failure of clinical psychologists to provide strong supporting evidence for the utility of their diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, for the declining interest in diagnostic testing, and for the proliferation of new methods of intervention. A new conception of clinical practice, research, and graduate training is offered that emphasizes clinical psychology as applied science. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The future of clinical psychology.

(This reprinted article originally appeared in the Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1937, Vol 1, 4–5. The following abstract of the original article appeared in PA, Vol 11:2786.) The future of clinical psychology or "personal service psychology" is very promising. The field of work will be varied but unified. At present there are many charlatans and half trained practitioners, but "as the profession grows in competence and in numbers its influence and authority will increase." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Albee's charges are unsupported: Reply to Hanes.

Replies to the comment made by R. M. Hanes (see record 1990-56906-001) on the article by the current author (see record 197108263-001). Hanes challenged Albee to prove his assertions that White Protestant men hold a disproportionate share of wealth, power, and influence in the US and that any one religious group, race, or sex is more prejudiced than others. ALbee states that everything he has experienced completely supports his biases. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Origin and evolution of the term "psychology."

Presents a historical review of the term "psychology." It is noted that while the word contains Greek elements, it does not have origins in Greek antiquity. This study suggests that the word originated in the 16th century "to refer to 1 aspect of spiritual being" and was 1st used as a title of academic lectures by Philipp Melanchton (1497-1560). Further development of the term through the mid-19th century is presented, including a table providing a chronology from Melanchton through Herbert Spencer's "Principles of Psychology" (1855). (25 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Operational reinforcement and nonoperational "reinforcement": Reply to "Reinforcement for Skinner."

Responds to R. H. O'Connell's (1971) comments on L. Carini's (1969) criticism of teaching machines and of B. F. Skinner's concept of reinforcement. Disagreement concerns the possible circularity of the logic used and whether a distinction exists between the operational and nonoperational definitions of reinforcement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Difficulties of implicit assumptions in "giving psychology away."

In the course of following G. Miller's (see record 1970-10231-001) advice on giving psychology away to the public, the author describes an experimental program that was used to train elementary teachers to teach psychology to 6th graders. Some insights into the psychologist's relationship with the public include testing hypotheses, mistakes in problem design, and that learning is an active process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some observations on the selection of "psychology technicians."

The individual best suited for the role of psychology technician "might be described as having only slightly higher-than-average intelligence, some social-service motivation, and emotional maturity." He "should possess little need for academic achievement and a tolerance for routine, almost mechanical, daily activities. Further, he should have fully developed and accepted the idea that his training is terminal." These tentative conclusions are based on 3 years of experience in the utilization of psychology technicians and "contrast strongly with the implications in writings" of other authors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Role conflict in forensic clinical psychology: Reply to Arcaya.

I agree with Arcaya that there is potential for serious role conflict in conducting forensic evaluations, but I disagree with how this problem is characterized and explained. Arcaya's contentions are reformulated as research hypotheses that can be empirically tested. The American Psychological Association's Ethical Principles of Psychologists are relevant and are cited in support of several proposals for safeguarding defendant rights and reducing the potential for role conflict in forensic evaluations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reactions to Albee's "Psychology in the sixties".

Comments on the G. W. Albee article (see record 1964-01626-001), which discusses statistics on PhDs granted in psychology, clinical psychologists in private practice, and application vs basic research in the 1960s. The present author feels that the Albee article was interesting, enlightening, and offered a welcome overview of the current status of our profession, but argues that Albee overlooks one important aspect of the training and personnel problem, as does the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health. Albee assumes an opposition or antagonism between research and practice which is theoretically unsound and does not correspond to the facts. It is concluded that what is needed is an integration of research and practice, a breakdown of the barriers between those who work in the clinic or office and those in the laboratory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to Dunnette's "Comments on Abrahams and Alf's 'Pratfalls in moderator research'."

Discusses M. Dunnette's (see PA, Vol. 49:Issue 1) comments on moderator techniques and shows that they are only partly correct because of their total reliance on improvements in hit rate. Instances are discussed in which it would seem hazardous to rely solely on empirical results in evaluating a moderator technique, while dismissing conceptual arguments based on methodological flaws. Limitations of his revision of quadrant analysis are discussed. Dunnette's further suggestion for completely removing the bias is shown to be theoretically impossible. Finally, the value of his 2-stage strategy is reduced considerably as a result of incomplete use of data but may, in some cases, improve prediction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The future of psychology.

R. W. Sperry expresses his thanks for receiving the American Psychological Association citation for outstanding lifetime contribution to psychology. He suggests that psychology is turning the tables on physics and hard science and, with its cognitive revolution, is now leading the way in science to a more adequate and more valid paradigm for scientific and all causal explanation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The "Information Explosion."

In this column, the author discusses psychological research. The author believes that too much research is published. The question explored here is, can one raise publication standards without freezing a modal conformity and excluding the spark of novelty and dissent? Two suggestions are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Watch-dog, go homep or Reactions to Stanford Ericksen's "Responsibility of psychological science to professional psychology."

Responds to comments by S. C. Ericksen (see record 1967-03569-001) regarding the opportunities presented by the fact that psychologists are both behavioral scientists and humanistic professionals. It is concluded that there is no viable division between theoretical and applied psychology. (0 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The evolving profession of psychology: Comment on Lowe Hays-Thomas's (2000) "The silent conversation."

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 31(4) of Professional Psychology: Research and Practice (see record 2007-17397-001). On page 346 in the author note, Louisiana Southern University was given as the university where Tommy T. Stigall received his PhD. The correct university is Louisiana State University.] The authors comment on R. Lowe Hays-Thomas (2000; see record 2000-03894-016). The article begins with a few comments about the master's-degree issue and then examines the evolution of professional psychology in relationship to the master's issue over the past 50 years and into the future. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The future of military psychology: Paramilitary psychology.

"It is well for us to examine periodically the status and prospects of our direct professional participation in defense." Major sections are: A Historical Perspective, A Linear Extrapolation, The Next Mutation, Portrait of the Mutant, and Summary. 3 tables: (1) on federal obligations for research in the psychological sciences, 1960, 1961, and 1962; (2) federal obligations for research in the social sciences, 1960, 1961, and 1962; and (3) duties and skills required of personnel for participation in socioeconomic development, are presented. "We are forecasting a trend away from emphases on human components for hardware systems toward emphasis on human components of social systems, and an increase in the study of human interaction and communication across cultural boundaries." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Response to Rogers' "Challenges."

A radio broadcaster with a show on psychology responds to C. R. Rogers's (see record 1974-00033-001) article on challenges facing the field. Focus is on psychologists' dealings with the public. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)