NURBS曲面的四边形网格的分割与逼近

介绍了一个用于对NURBS曲面进行四边形网格的分割与逼近的算法。该算法采用二叉树递归分割的方法分割和逼近曲面，所分割的四边形除了在高度方向和曲面边界处满足给定精度外，同时在四边形四条边界满足给定的切矢精度。实例测试结果表明，用本文所述算法生成的四边形网格具有网格逼近原曲面、网格四边形接近于规则四边形等特点。     

基于插值与逼近的复杂曲面拟合

工程图纸和实物模型提供的曲面原始数据通常具有分布不均匀的特点，如果直接使用四边域或三边域曲面进行拟合，曲面的光顺性将无法保证。针对这种情况，笔者利用插值与逼近相结合的曲面拟合思路，构造了由初始曲面拟合、曲面逼近、及曲面细化等3个步骤组成的曲面造型方法。实践表明，这种方法能较好地解决原始数据点分布不均匀的曲面造型问题。     

NURBS曲面(实体)扫描体的逼近算法

实现了一种NURBS曲面(实体)扫描而成的扫描体逼近方法。本方法主要通过:①用系列平面的切割,把NURBS曲面(实体)进行降维处理,变成系列平面曲线;②为曲线设置局部标架;③在局部标架下求出每一曲线在每一时刻的极值点而后转换成原曲线的奇异点;④使用fast marching cubes算法删去扫描体内部点,保留扫描体边界上的奇异点;⑤由保留的奇异点通过插值或逼近方式构建边界曲面。本算法能较好地逼近NURBS扫描体,其逼近精度可通过控制切割精度和扫描过程中时间间隔的选取而有效控制。     

基于球面三角网格逼近的等距曲面逼近算法

给出了一种基于球面三角网格逼近的等距曲面逼近新算法。利用三角网格逼近基球面,然后计算此三角网格按中心沿在曲面扫凉而成空间区域的边界作为等距曲面的逼近。该算法计算简单,方便地解决了整体误差问题,而且所得到的逼近曲面是与原曲面同次数的NURBS曲面。     

基于分数阶傅里叶变换的NURBS曲面拟合

为了实现对自由曲面模型的高精度非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面拟合,提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换的NURBS曲面拟合方法.首先,借助分数阶傅里叶变换对自由曲面模型点云数据的高程图像展开分析,从中提取出表征自由曲面表面三维结构的特征点;然后,利用外切圆取点法结合提取的特征点选取用于NURBS曲面拟合的数据点;最后,利...     

球面渐开线齿形的螺旋锥齿轮NURBS设计

 为避免传统设计和加工的近似球面渐开线齿形螺旋锥齿轮存在的缺陷,提出了一种新型螺旋锥齿轮设计方案．从齿面精确组成和形状特征出发,将球面渐开线理论应用于齿面基本曲线的方程表达式求导中,实现了齿面曲线的分段参数化．然后,对组成齿面的各区域分别求取齿面离散点数据,并采用三次均匀B样条曲面方法进行初步的拟合与拼接．为了进一步提高齿面精度,借助NURBS方法对拼接后的齿面进行了统一的NURBS精确拟合,并给出了齿面统一参数化的优化方法．最后的算例表明了相关方法的精确性和可行性,为螺旋锥齿轮的数字化设计与NURBS加工提供了新的思路与途径．     

逆向工程技术在产品形态改良设计中的应用研究

应用产品模型曲面重构的基本原理,分析了基于特征产品模型重构方法。利用NURBS曲面拟合技术,将产品外观按形态先进行分类,再据此对产品外形进行重构。通过实验,验证了在不需要较高精度的条件下,利用NURBS曲面拟合技术对自由曲面进行重构,能获得令人满意的产品形态。     

基于激光点云数据的叶片型面三维重构

在四坐标叶片型面检测基础上,提出基于激光点云数据的叶片型面三维重构方法。激光位移传感器对叶片型面进行多视角扫描采样,快速采集叶片型面海量点云数据。运用由点到线到面的数学建模原理,先基于端点一阶导矢连续法拟合出光顺NURBS曲线,再依据分片能量法构建辅助曲面拟合出光顺NURBS曲面,最后对分片NURBS曲面进行统一描述,构造出精确光滑的叶片型面,实现叶片型面的三维重构。实验结果表明：采用该方法实现对各类叶片复杂型面的三维重构,重构误差均<0.015 mm,能够满足精密零件的测量需求。     

利用离散平稳小波变换改进NURBS二次曲面拟合方法

为了提高二次曲面的拟合精度,提出了一种基于离散平稳小波变换的NURBS二次曲面的拟合方法。 首先利用格网化方法得到二次曲面模型点云数据的高程图像及其高程序列,其次对此高程序列进行离散平稳小波变换提取出二次曲面模型表面的特征点,最后利用提取的特征点实现高精度NURBS二次曲面拟合。实验结果表明,该方法与NURBS拟合方法相比,球面和圆锥面拟合结果的均方根误差分别降低了55.79%和50.47%,具有较高的拟合精度。     

反向工程在NURBS曲面造型中的研究与应用

文章介绍了工程领域中叶片曲面造型在国内外的发展情况,针对曲面造型中存在的形状数据与建模所需数据不符的问题,推导了曲面初始二维数据向三维数据的转换关系,提出了一种将反向工程用于叶片曲面的NURBS几何建模方法,提高了此类曲面在实际生产中的设计精度.     

Research and implementation of NURBS interpolator with continuous feedrate for high-speed machining

Using non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) rather than piecewise lines and arc segments as a toolpath makes it much easier to achieve high-speed control in die and mould machining. When NURBS is used as a toolpath, two issues must be solved. The first is how to convert the discrete cutter location (CL) data offset from a CAD model into a NURBS curve. The second is how to maintain low velocity fluctuation while interpolating the NURBS curve with limited calculation time. This study proposes a NURBS toolpath generation method from line segments and a real-time NURBS interpolator for CNC machines to achieve the goal of high-speed machining. A CL data simplification method with shape holding is presented based on identifying and correcting the defect point from the original CL data, and removing redundant CL data within shape-maintaining requirements. Then the conversion of all simplified CL data to NURBS curves is done by applying NURBS fitting or interpolation with optional directional constraints. A precise method based on nonlinear mapping between the NURBS's parameter and arc length is proposed and implemented to obtain a continuous feedrate and machining quality. The simulation performed on CL points for a wave surface demonstrates that the proposed approach reduces the NC blocks to 6% while staying within the tolerance of deviation. The machining experiment shows that the proposed approach can increase machining quality while reducing machining time by about 22%.     

Automatic segmentation and approximation of digitized data for reverse engineering

Reverse engineering is the process of developing a computer-aided design (CAD) model and a manufacturing database for an existing object. This process is used in CAD modelling of part prototypes, in designing moulds and in automated inspection of parts with a complex surface. This paper reports on the automatic segmentation and approximation of three-dimensional digitized points for reverse engineering. Based on an innovation that uses the properties of a non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) or B-spline and makes ordered digitized points be control points directly to construct a NURBS or B-spline surface, which takes less computation time than traditional algorithms in calculating surface normals and curvatures at digitized points, an algorithm was developed for automatic segmentation and NURBS surfaces fitting for digitized points.     

二次曲面的NURBS最优化表示方法研究

为了解决非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)拟合二次曲面精度低、过程复杂的问题,提出了一种u、v参数化方向选择及求解出最优控制点个数选取范围的高效拟合二次曲面的方法。首先,根据二次曲面的形状特征确定u、v的参数化方向;然后,利用差值绝对值和均方根误差对不同控制点个数拟合出的各个重构曲面进行误差定量分析,根据定量分析的结果曲线求解拟合二次曲面的最优控制点个数的最小取值;最后,结合程序运行时间的关系曲线求解拟合二次曲面的最优控制点个数的最大取值。实例表明:较为常见的二次曲面的NURBS最优控制点个数的合理选取范围为201~541。该分析结果为NURBS标准分析表面的拟合过程中遇到的问题提供了理论支持和技术参考。     

C1连续曲面重构与光顺的有限元算法

提出了一种基于离散的测量数据重建光顺自由曲面的有限元新方法。根据最佳逼近与能量光顺原理，建立正定的目标泛函，采用18自由度三角形板单元对泛函离散，进行极小化，求得最优解。根据有限元插值计算，重新构造出全场C^1连续的自由曲面。这种方法结合了能量光顺技术，有效地抑制了输入数据上误差噪声的影响，曲面重建的精度高、光顺性好，而且能给出合理的一阶导数。该方法计算简单、便于应用，所需的输入数据点少，并可用于处理曲线边界区域的问题。     

An isogeometric extension of Trefftz method for elastostatics in two dimensions

In this paper, an approach to blend the Hybrid‐Trefftz Finite Element Method (HTFEM) and the Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) called the Isogeometric Trefftz (IGAT) method is presented. The structure of the isogeometric extension of the Trefftz method is formally the same as for its conventional counterpart, except the approximation of the boundary displacements and geometry that are carried out using the Non‐Uniform Rational B‐Splines (NURBS) instead of polynomials. In other words, only the element boundaries are approximated using NURBS basis while the Trefftz approximation is used in the interior of the elements. For that reason, IGAT can be ranked alongside recently developed Isogeometric Boundary Element Method (IGABEM), the NURBS‐Enhanced Finite Element Method (NEFEM), the Isogeometric Local Maximum Entropy (IGA‐LME) method, and the Isogeometrically enhanced Scaled‐Boundary element method (SBFEM), which all use NURBS approximation at the domain boundary only. Theoretical conjectures made in this paper are accompanied by three examples that show that IGAT leads to excellent results using only a few elements.