温度和加热速度对CuZnAl形状记忆合金相变内耗的影响

本文探讨了CuZnAl合金相变过程中内耗的变化规律、产生机制以及加热速度对内耗的影响。结果表明:CuZnAl合金高内耗的产生是由其特有的相变机制引起的,并和加热速度有关。     

Ti-Ni-Ce合金的相变行为及其形状记忆效应

通过示差扫描量热仪(DSC)等试验手段,系统分析了添加稀土元素Ce后所形成的Ti-Ni-Cex(x＝2 at%、3 at%、4 at%)系合金的相变行为和形状记忆效应,以及相变温度和相变潜热与稀土含量之间的关系.研究结果表明,相变温度(Ms,Mf,As,Af)受稀土含量的影响较大,总的趋势是先升高后下降,然后有稍微升高;而对相变潜热(马氏体相变潜热ΔHB2M、逆马氏体相变潜热ΔHMB2)的影响,则是随着稀土元素Ce含量的升高呈现上升的趋势;稀土的添加使Ti-Ni二元合金的相变滞后明显变窄,但与稀土的含量没有明显关系.研究发现,添加稀土后Ti-Ni形状记忆合金优良的形状记忆效应没有改变,而相变温度却有明显的提高.     

热处理工艺对NiTi形状记忆合金马氏体相变的影响

对成分（at）为Ti－51．28％Ni合金的相变过程用电阻、金相法进行了研究．发现该合金加热过程中发生M→R＋M→B2转变，冷却时则有M→R＋M→B2转变．并用电阻－温度曲线测定了不同热处理工艺条件下合金的相变温度，讨论了固溶时效处理制度对马氏体相变及R相变的影响，也讨论了提高合金形状记忆效应稳定性的各种方式，结果表明，“高温固溶，中温时效”是有利于该合金马氏体相变的最佳热处理工艺．也是提高其形状记忆效应的有效途径。     

热处理对Ni47Ti44Nb9记忆合金相变温度的影响

利用差式扫描量热仪(DSC)和扫描电镜研究了不同热处理制度条件下Ni47Ti44Nb9合金相变温度的变化规律和显微组织。结果表明，Ni47Ti44Nb9合金相变温度随冷却速度加快和分级淬火温度的升高呈显著上升趋势。电镜观察表明，随着冷却速度的加快和分级淬火温度的升高，合金共晶组织含量减少，基体Ni／Ti比例降低，相变温度升高。     

热处理工艺对Fe-Mn-Si合金形状记忆效应的影响

研究了热处理工艺对Fe-28Mn-4Si(Mg)合金形状记忆效应的影响.结果表明:合金形状记忆效应来源于应力诱发马氏体相变及其逆转变.固溶处理和训练处理,可对合金母相奥氏体产生强化作用,使其在应力诱发马氏体相变过程中不易发生滑移变形(滑移变形不利于形状回复),从而改善了合金的形状记忆效应.对合金热轧无缝管内径施以5%形变量,形变恢复率达45%.该恢复率足以用作管道连接管接头等紧固连接件.     

电场对CuZnAl合金记忆效应的影响

在热处理时加一定的静电场,研究了电场处理对CuZnAl合金记忆效应及相变的影响。实验结果表明,正电场处理使相变温度略为下降;而对马氏体相变量及单向恢复率均有提高。     

预变形和时效对NiTi合金相变的影响

对Ti-50．8at％Ni形状记忆合金丝施加不同的预变形，随后在不同的温度时效，研究了预变形、时效温度与NiTi形状记忆合金的相变特性之间的关系。结果表明，预变形和时效对NiTi形状记忆舍金的相变特性有着显著的影响，可促使NiTi合金发生R相变，使NiTi形状记忆合金在较窄的温度区间内发生B2-R-B19’三种相变，为进一步研究NiTi形状记忆合金的性能提供了方便。     

镍钛形状记忆合金薄膜的相变温度和力学性能

利用直流磁控溅射法溅射沉积了NiTi形状记忆合金薄膜，对NiTi形状记忆合金薄膜进行晶化热处理以使其获得形状记忆效应。研究了550℃晶化热处理1h后Ti-48.2%Ni薄膜的相变温度和力学性能，研究结果表明，NiTi薄膜550℃晶化热处理1h后，升温过程中发生M→A的相变，而降温过程中则先发生A→R相变，再发生R→M的相变，薄膜的断裂强度随测试温度的升高而增大，残余应变随温度的升高而减小，当温度大于Af点时，表现为超弹性。     

再结晶对Ni47Ti44Nb9形状记忆合金棒相变和织构的影响

利用光学显微镜（OM）,DSC和XRD,研究了直径19 mm Ni47Ti44Nb9热轧棒材再结晶对相变和织构的影响,为该合金棒的实际应用提供理论依据。结果表明：热轧棒从450℃开始发生明显再结晶;从850℃/90 min真空退火棒材的中心到边缘,再结晶晶粒尺寸减小,Ms降低,马氏体转变区间变窄,热滞增大;热轧棒中形成了较强的γ丝织构,600℃/90 min退火后,γ丝织构强度稍有下降,退火温度升到850℃,丝织构明显减弱,等密度线发生漫散,形成了新的织构组分,这有利于改善棒材径向方向的恢复应变。     

Cu-Zn合金的形状记忆效应

通过扭转法和电阻测量法对Cu-Zn合金的形状记忆效应进行了实验研究。发现在M_s点以上,不存在热弹性马氏体的情况下,由应力诱发马氏体可以引起形状记忆效应。另外,在M_s点以下有热弹性马氏体的情况下,根据实验结果可以证明,应力诱发马氏体在形状记忆效应中仍然起主要作用。     

形状记忆合金相变应变的取向关系及其织构控制原理

形状记忆效应是基于马氏体相变及其逆转变,相变时母相与马氏体相之间存在严格的晶体学取向关系。根据唯象理论,相变织构是可以预估的。同样地对于相变应变也存在取向关系,通过多晶材料的织构分析也可以预估。铜基形状记忆合金沿<100>方向呈最大的相变延伸,通过适当的热机械处理可以获得沿同轧向成45°方向的最大强度的<100>织构取向分量,因而有最佳的记忆效应。     

High Strain Rate Compression of Martensitic NiTi Shape Memory Alloy at Different Temperatures

The compressive response of martensitic NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) rods has been investigated using a modified Kolsky compression bar at various strain rates (400, 800, and 1200 s^?1) and temperatures [room temperature and 373 K (100 °C)], i.e., in the martensitic state and in the austenitic state. SEM, DSC, and XRD were performed on NiTi SMA rod samples after high strain rate compression in order to reveal the influence of strain rate and temperature on the microstructural evolution, phase transformation, and crystal structure. It is found that at room temperature, the critical stress increases slightly as strain rate increases, whereas the strain-hardening rate decreases. However, the critical stress under high strain rate compression at 373 K (100 °C) increase first and then decrease due to competing strain hardening and thermal softening effects. After high rate compression, the microstructure of both martensitic and austenitic NiTi SMAs changes as a function of increasing strain rate, while the phase transformation after deformation is independent of the strain rate at room temperature and 373 K (100 °C). The preferred crystal plane of the martensitic NiTi SMA changes from (\( 1\bar{1}1 \))_M before compression to (111)_M after compression, while the preferred plane remains the same for austenitic NiTi SMA before and after compression. Additionally, dynamic recovery and recrystallization are also observed to occur after deformation of the austenitic NiTi SMA at 373 K (100 °C). The findings presented here extend the basic understanding of the deformation behavior of NiTi SMAs and its relation to microstructure, phase transformation, and crystal structure, especially at high strain rates.     

热机械循环对Ti49.8Ni50.2形状记忆合金相变行为的影响

研究了热机械循环对Ti49.8Ni50.2形状记忆合金的回复应变RS、应力诱发马氏体的临界应力σM以及马氏体相变温度Ms和Mf的影响.实验结果表明: Ti49.8Ni50.2在热机械循环冷却过程中始终发生应力诱发B2→B19′马氏体相变.RS在第一次和第二次循环中分别获得最大值和最小值, 随着循环的继续进行又逐渐增加.RS在达到第二个极大值后又开始逐步减小.σM随着循环次数增加而迅速下降.Ms和Mf在前10次循环中无明显变化, 随着循环的继续进而升高.循环500次后, RS, σM以及Ms和Mf均达到稳定状态.循环引入的位错结构被认为是造成以上变化的主要原因.     

镍钛形状记忆合金的开发应用

综述了镍钛形状记忆合金在国内外的开发应用情况。对今后的发展提出了建议。     

Additive Manufacturing of Co-Ni-Ga High-Temperature Shape Memory Alloy: Processability and Phase Transformation Behavior

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Co-Ni-Ga high-temperature shape memory alloy is additively processed by selective laser melting for the first time. Reversible martensitic...     

Crystallography of Martensite in TiAu Shape Memory Alloy

The twin structure, habit plane orientation, and morphology of B19 martensite in TiAu, which is a candidate shape memory alloy (SMA) for high-temperature and biomedical applications, were investigated by conventional transmission electron microscopy. Almost all internal twins were {111} type I twins as lattice-invariant deformation (LID). The <211> type II twin was scarcely observed in TiAu, unlike in TiPd and TiPt SMAs. The habit plane roughly corresponded to the twinning plane (K ₁ plane) of the <211> type II twin because of the superb lattice parameter ratio of TiAu. As a result, an energy-minimizing microstructure referred to as “twins within twins” appears as the major microstructure. The selection rules for the twinning of LID are also discussed considering the results of extensive studies on LID in SMAs.     

Pseudo-creep in Shape Memory Alloy Wires and Sheets

Interruption of loading during reorientation and isothermal pseudoelasticity in shape memory alloys with a strain arrest (i.e., holding strain constant) results in a time-dependent evolution in stress or with a stress arrest (i.e., holding stress constant) results in a time-dependent evolution in strain. This phenomenon, which we term as pseudo-creep, is similar to what was reported in the literature three decades ago for some traditional metallic materials undergoing plastic deformation. In a previous communication, we reported strain arrest of isothermal pseudoelastic loading, isothermal pseudoelastic unloading, and reorientation in NiTi wires as well as a rate-independent phase diagram. In this paper, we provide experimental results of the pseudo-creep phenomenon during stress arrest of isothermal pseudoelasticity and reorientation in NiTi wires as well as strain arrest of isothermal pseudoelasticity and reorientation in NiTi sheets. Stress arrest in NiTi wires accompanied by strain accumulation or recovery is studied using the technique of multi-video extensometry. The experimental results were used to estimate the amount of mechanical energy needed to evolve the wire from one microstructural state to another during isothermal pseudoelastic deformation and the difference in energies between the initial and the final rest state between which the aforementioned evolution has occurred.     

Some Effects of Parent Phase Aging on the Martensitic Transformation in a Cu- AI- Ni Shape Memory Alloy

Transmission electron microscopy observations have been carried out for a Cu-14 pct Al-4 pct Ni (wt pct) alloy aged in the thin foil state in an electron microscope. It was found that large cuboidal precipitates of theγ ₂ phase and many small domains of a highly ordered phase form in the DO₃ matrix during aging. The small ordered domains form preferentially on matrix antiphase boundaries as well as within the antiphase domains. The formation ofγ ₂ and the highly ordered phase, both of which are rich in alloy content, depletes the matrix of solute and thus raises the transformation temperaturesM _s andM _f. The small domains of the highly ordered phase prevent the propagation and reversion of martensite plates, leading to higherM _s-M_f andA _fins-A_f temperature intervals.     

Ni-Mn-Ga磁控形状记忆合金中的马氏体相变

文章采用电弧熔炼法熔炼Ni48Mn31Ga21和Ni2MnGa两种合金,并对这两种合金进行了热处理,借助交流磁化率测定、金相显微镜观察、X射线以及磁化曲线等手段研究了Ni-Mn-Ga磁控形状记忆合金中的马氏体相变。结果表明：（1）Ni48Mn3lGa21合金在室温下发生了马氏体转变,而Ni2MnGa合金在室温下则未发生马氏体转变;（2）室温下Ni2MnGa合金的饱和磁化强度比Ni48Mn3lGa21合金高;对于Ni48Mn31Ga2l合金,其马氏体态的饱和磁化强度要高于奥氏体态。