甘氨酸硝酸盐法制备超细Mo-Cu粉末及烧结

以四水合钼酸铵（（NH4）6Mo7O24·4H2O）、硝酸铜（Cu（NO3）2·3H2O）、甘氨酸和乙二胺为原料采用甘氨酸硝酸盐法（GNP）制备前驱体粉末,经过700℃氢气还原2 h得到Mo-Cu 复合粉末,经压制后进行真空烧结,研究不同烧结温度对Mo-Cu 烧结体性能的影响.结果表明：甘氨酸-硝酸盐法（GNP）制备的超细Mo-Cu 复合粉末形状规则、大小均匀、钼铜两相弥散分布,颗粒大小平均为50~80 nm.在950~1250℃范围内,随着烧结温度的升高,烧结体的硬度增大,致密度、电导率和热导率在1150℃达到最大值.     

高含Cu量Mo-Cu合金的液相烧结

采用液相烧结Mo、Cu混合粉压坯的方法制取合金,分析了合金的力学性能及组织。借助TEM,SEM组织观察以及电子探针成分(EDXA)分析表明:Mo-Cu合金的烧结由于Mo的溶解-析出,Mo晶粒表面有Mo、Cu不同比例含量的过渡层,该层中组织均匀细小。在润湿角为0°附近温度烧结合金性能最佳。     

Role of solid-state skeletal sintering during processing of Mo-Cu composites

Mo-Cu composites with Mo contents up to 85 wt pct can be processed by either infiltration of a presintered Mo skeleton with liquid Cu or by liquid-phase sintering of mixed Mo and Cu powders. For both cases, the effects of particle size, sintering temperature, and sintering time on densification and microstructural evolution are compared. The effects of transition metal additions on the densification of Mo-Cu are also investigated. The liquid-phase sintering densification rate of Mo-Cu is much slower than in traditional liquid-phase sintering and is similar to the solid-state densification rate of elemental Mo. Furthermore, the poor densification behavior and absence of slumping for compositions up to 50 vol pct Cu indicate that the high dihedral angle of the Mo-Cu system stabilizes the formation of a rigid Mo skeleton during liquid-phase sintering. Results from a computer simulation that takes into account mass transport via both solid-state and liquid-phase mechanisms show that the solubility of Mo in Cu is sufficient for rapid densification, but confirm that the sintering behavior of Mo-20 vol pct Cu is best described by solid-state skeletal sintering. In this case, the liquid phase promotes microstructural coarsening by solution reprecipitation but contributes little to densification because of the rigid Mo skeleton.     

新型低膨胀Mo-Cu合金电子封接材料研究

本试验研究了添加活化元素Ni对Mo-Cu合金的相对密度、烧结性能、热导率、电导率、热膨胀系数及组织的影响.研究结果表明:在Mo-Cu合金中加入Ni能降低合金烧结的致密化温度,促进烧结的进行.但Ni的加入降低了合金的导电和导热性能,并且使合金的组织变得粗大,75Mo-20Cu-5Ni的导热系数和95%Al2O3,陶瓷非常匹配,可被用作与其封接的合金.     

微波快速熔渗制备钼铜复合材料

通过微波快速熔渗制备钼铜复合材料,探究预烧结骨架、熔渗起始位置及熔渗温度对熔渗效果的影响.结果表明,100 MPa压制生坯在1 400 ℃下常规烧结1.5 h具有理想孔隙率.当有氢氩气氛保护的情况下,底部渗铜可以使铜相分布更加均匀.在1 250 ℃下保温1 h微波熔渗后的钼铜复合材料即具有较优良的综合性能,和较均匀的显微结构.微波熔渗极大地缩短熔渗时间,可以节约生产能源和成本,是一种很好的加工方式.      

La_2O_3对微波烧结Cu_(20)Fe_(80)合金组织性能的影响

采用机械合金化和冷压微波烧结法制备了Cu_(20)Fe_(80)合金,研究了La_2O_3添加对Cu_(20)Fe_(80)合金组织性能的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪等设备观察和分析Cu_(20)Fe_(80)合金组织形貌和相组成,并测定了合金的致密度和硬度。结果表明:Cu_(20)Fe_(80)合金粉体呈层片状,随La2O3质量分数的增加,合金粉体得到细化,机械合金化程度增强;Cu_(20)Fe_(80)合金粉体的冷压压坯组织呈层片状,随La_2O_3质量分数的增加,压坯致密程度和成型性提高;微波烧结后组织呈现层片状,随La_2O_3质量分数的增加,空隙先减少后增加,烧结组织致密度和硬度先提高后减小;综合分析,La_2O_3最佳添加量为0.2%。     

机械活化Mo-Cu粉末的烧结

研究了Mo-Cu粉末,经机械活化处理后的组织、形态与液相烧结性能、合金组织的关系,实验结果表明:一定时间活化处理,Mo-Cu粉末形成机械合金化初期的层状组织,其压坯可在较低温度液相烧结,合金相对密度大于99%,组织细小、均匀。     

Mo-Cu合金制备及其致密化行为研究

采用高能球磨的方法制备Mo-Cu复合粉末,系统研究了高能球磨对粉末形貌、烧结性能以及烧结坯显微组织的影响,并在此基础上对Mo-Cu致密化机理进行了初步探讨.研究结果表明:Mo-Cu液相烧结不同于传统的液相烧结,而与纯Mo的固相烧结致密化行为相似,Mo-Cu液相烧结致密化过程主要由固态骨架烧结所控制;球磨时间、烧结温度、烧结时间对于粉末烧结性能有很大影响.球磨时间24 h,在1050℃固相烧结60 min并于1300℃液相烧结90 min得到烧结坯致密度最高,相对密度为98.2%,烧结坯显微组织分布比较均匀,Cu相弥散分布于Mo骨架之间,无Cu富集现象,晶粒细小且尺寸相当.     

微波烧结过程中Cu_(60)Cr_(40)合金组织演变的研究

采用机械合金化和冷压微波烧结法制备了Cu_(60)Cr_(40)合金,通过X射线分析和SEM扫描电镜分析Cu_(60)Cr_(40)合金的相组成和显微组织,研究了微波烧结过程中Cu_(60)Cr_(40)合金组织的演变规律。结果表明:Cu_(60)Cr_(40)合金粉体和冷压压坯组织呈层片状;随烧结温度的提高,Cu_(60)Cr_(40)合金压坯在烧结过程中由层片状组织向短棒状或球棒状转变,晶界逐渐明显,孔隙减少,致密度增加,由固相烧结转变为液相烧结。     

铜锡合金激光选区熔化非平衡凝固组织与性能

对具有重要工程应用价值的Cu?5%Sn合金进行激光选区熔化（SLM）成形,在激光功率160 W、扫描速度300 mm·s?1、扫描间距0.07 mm条件下,合金样品相对密度可达99.2%,熔池层与层堆积密实,表面质量良好。研究发现所获合金具有非平衡凝固组织特征,其中以α-Cu(Sn)固溶体相为主,且涉及具有超结构的γ相、δ相。显微形貌主要由柱状晶与富锡网状组织构成,伴随有不同尺度界面Sn元素偏析及晶界、晶内纳米尺寸超结构合金相颗粒析出。所获合金的力学性能与同成分铸态合金或较低Sn含量SLM合金相比得到显著强化,表面硬度可达HV 133.83,屈服强度326 MPa,抗拉强度387 MPa及断裂总延伸率22.7%。      

Segregation of molybdenum atoms to the liquid-solid interfaces in liquid phase sintering of W-8 pct Mo-7 pct Ni-3 pct Fe

Partitioning of elements during sintering of W-8 pct Mo-7 pct Ni-3 pct Fe alloy was investigated with respect to various isothermal holding times, ranging from 5 to 240 minutes, at a sintering temperature of 1500 °C. It was found that the precipitation of W and Mo atoms from the liquid phase onto the W-Mo grains was competitive in nature, with W atoms showing a greater tendency to precipitate. Due to this fact, Mo atoms gradually segregated to the interface between W-Mo grains and the liquid phase. The accumulation of Mo atoms near the interfaces thus changed the interfacial properties and, consequently, reduced the rate of interfacial reaction (solution and precipitation), which was responsible for the transition of the controlling mechanism of grain growth from diffusion of W atoms in the liquid phase to the interfacial reaction.     

纯钼骨架熔渗Mo-Cu合金工艺研究

研究了利用纯钼骨架熔渗法制备Mo70Cu30、Mo60Cu40(质量分数)合金的相关工艺。结果表明:试验原料可选取经高温预处理及筛分后费氏粒度为5.2μm,粒度分布范围较窄及C、O含量低的纯钼粉,不添加诱导Cu粉。利用限位法压制成型的钼素坯经H2气氛在1200～1300℃预烧结出孔隙率ε(%)为33.5%、45.2%的纯钼骨架,在H2气氛熔融态Cu中经1 200～1 350℃熔渗60～120 min可制得Cu含量为31.3%、40.7%的Mo70Cu30、Mo60Cu40合金。利用纯钼骨架熔渗法制备的Mo-Cu合金相对密度可达到98%以上,微观形貌可见Mo、Cu两相均匀分布。     

93W-5Ni-2Cu烧结工艺的研究

本文研究了烧结温度对 93W 5Ni 2Cu合金力学性能的影响。结果表明 ,烧结温度不同 ,合金的组织和性能差异很大 ,合适的烧结温度可以使合金具有良好的组织结构和最佳的力学性能。     

烧结方法对WC-Co硬质合金性能的影响

以原位还原碳化反应法制备的超细WC-Co复合粉为原料,分别采用放电等离子烧结、低压烧结和真空烧结工艺获得块体硬质合金,系统研究烧结方法对合金的显微组织、密度及力学性能的影响。结果表明:放电等离子烧结的合金中,主相为WC和Co,有少量η相(Co6W6C),低压烧结和真空烧结获得的合金中物相为WC和Co;所用3种不同的烧结方法均能获得细晶块体硬质合金,其中放电等离子烧结的晶粒最细为0.35μm;低压烧结合金具有优异的综合性能,HV30为15 121 MPa,断裂韧性为13.6 MPa.m1/2,横向断裂强度为4 210 MPa。     

超声电沉积制备Cu-In合金膜

采用超声电沉积-热处理两步法和超声共沉积一步法在钼基底上制备了致密的Cu-In合金薄膜。分别用SEM,EDS和XRD分析了Cu/In双层膜以及Cu-In合金膜的表面形貌、成分及相组成。结果表明:采用不同的电沉积工艺参数可以调节合金膜的Cu/In比率;超声电沉积可以得到晶粒细小、均匀致密的Cu,In以及Cu-In合金薄膜;两步法中超声电沉积得到的双层膜为CuIn和Cu或In相,经过热处理后转变为Cu11In9和Cu或In相;一步法超声共沉积得到的合金膜主要为CuIn相,根据Cu/In比率的不同,还会含有少量的Cu11In9或In相。     

Microstructures and properties of CuZrAl and CuZrAlTi medium entropy alloys prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering

Equiatomic CuZrAl and CuZrAlTi medium entropy alloys were designed and synthesized by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering technique.The alloying behavior,phase evolutions,microstructures and properties of samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction,differential scanning calorimetry,field emission scanning electron microscopy,microscopy/Vickers hardness testing and electrochemical polarization measurement.The results indicate that the final products of as-milled alloys consist of amorphous phases.Ti addition improves the glass forming ability of as-milled alloys.The as-sintered CuZrAl alloy contains face-centered cubic(fcc)solid solution,Al_(1.05)Cu_(0.95) Zr and AlZr_2 phases at different sintering temperatures.With Ti addition,the as-sintered sample is only composed of intermetallics at 690°C,while fcc1,fcc2 and CuTi3phases are formed at 1100°C.CuZrAlTi-1100°C alloy exhibits the highest hardness value of 1173HV0.2owing to the high sintering density,solid solution strengthening and homogeneous precipitation of nano-size crystalline phase.CuZrAlTi-690°C alloy presents a similar corrosion resistance with304 Lstainless steel in seawater solution and further possesses the lower corrosion rate.     

W质量分数对Mo-W合金组织结构与力学性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备含不同质量分数W(20%~80%)的Mo-W合金, 研究W含量对Mo-W合金组织结构与力学性能的影响。结果表明: 烧结过程中Mo与W相互扩散形成单相固溶体。W质量分数的增加能显著降低Mo-W合金的晶粒尺寸, 经1990℃烧结的Mo-80W合金晶粒尺寸比Mo-20W合金下降了46.5%。随W质量分数的增加, Mo-W合金的维氏硬度呈“双驼峰”形变化趋势, 在W质量分数为40%与60%处出现峰值。Mo-W合金的相对密度和抗拉强度随W质量分数的增加而下降, 抗拉强度最大值出现在烧结温度为1990℃的Mo-20W合金, 达到514.83 MPa; 随烧结温度的升高, 低W含量的Mo-W合金(W质量分数20%~40%)抗拉强度呈先上升后下降趋势, 而高W含量的Mo-W合金(W质量分数60%~80%)抗拉强度逐渐升高。Mo-W合金断裂方式为沿晶断裂与穿晶断裂相结合的混合模式。     

激光烧结钨基合金组织性能研究

采用激光烧结技术制备了钽、铼掺杂钨基合金,利用扫描电子显微镜、金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计等设备表征了钨基合金试样的组织和性能。结果表明,激光功率及激光扫描速度是影响钨合金块体相对密度的重要因素,通过对参数的优化可获得致密的钨合金块体材料;通过粉体解吸脱氧预处理和惰性气体保护可以避免粉体的氧化;显微组织观察表明,在激光烧结过程中,试样内部发生了静态再结晶;在试样芯部形成了较粉体颗粒明显增大的等轴晶粒,在试样边缘形成了尺寸略大于粉体粒径的等轴晶粒;X射线衍射测试结果表明,加入的钽元素在钨基体中以固溶原子的形式存在;性能测试结果表明,随着钽加入量的增加,试样的密度下降,但显微硬度随之提高。     

粉末冶金法制备CrFeNiCuMoCo高熵合金的组织与性能

利用粉末冶金法制备CrFeNiCuMoCo高熵合金,用带有能谱的扫描电子显微镜(SEM/EDS)、X射线衍射仪、显微/维氏硬度计、电化学工作站、材料试验机等对CrFeNiCuMoCo高熵合金组织结构进行分析并测试其硬度、耐蚀性和压缩性能.结果表明:CrFeNiCuMoCo高熵合金组织形貌简单;物相主要由FCC和BCC两相组成,Mo元素和Cu元素在合金中存在偏析现象;合金的耐蚀性能优异,与304不锈钢相比,自腐蚀电流密度减小1个数量级;组元间原子半径的差异导致较大的晶格畸变,阻碍位错的运动,使得固溶强化效应增强;Mo元素起到细化晶粒作用,使该合金具有较高的硬度和抗压强度,合金硬度为485 HV,抗压强度约为1 385MPa;断裂类型为脆性解理断裂.     

Effect of carbon content,sintering temperature,density, and cooling rate upon properties of prealloyed Fe–1·5Mo powder

Abstract

Mixtures of prealloyed Fe–1·5Mo (Astaloy Mo) with and without additions of 0·5–1·2 wt-%C were prepared and their sintering, as well as their mechanical, properties investigated under different process conditions. It was found that carbon content, sintering temperature, and cooling rate had marked effect on physical and mechanical properties. Sintered density decreased with increase in carbon content and sintering temperature. On the other hand, UTS, TRS, and hardness values improved with up to 0·8 wt-%C addition, sintering temperature, and cooling rate. Percentage elongation decreased with increase in carbon content and cooling rate, but was higher for specimens sintered at higher temperatures. The as sintered microstructures consisted of either fine or coarse pearlite, upper or lower bainite, and their mixture depending on the carbon content and cooling rate. The heat treated mechanical properties showed some improvement for the specimens containing 0·5 and 0·8 wt-%C. It became evident that a variety of ternary low alloy steels consisting of Fe + 1·5Mo + 0·5–0·8 wt-%C can be produced and used in the as sintered or heat treated conditions for PM structural parts having good physical and mechanical properties as well as high dimensional accuracy with acceptable microstructures.