振动力场下聚合物熔体流变行为的响应与分析 Ⅰ.毛细管压力降和熔体表观粘度

在自行设计的恒速型毛细管动态流变装置上 ,对聚合物熔体进行动态挤出实验。借助已建立的振动力场下聚合物熔体流变行为的表征公式 ,分别计算振动力场下聚合物熔体在毛细管壁处的剪切应力、剪切速率和表观粘度。与稳态挤出时相比 ,引入振动力场后 ,发现毛细管压力降、表观粘度均显著降低 ,且随着振动频率和振幅的改变呈非线性变化趋势 ,作者对此进行了深入分析。     

振动力场下聚合物熔体流变行为的响应与分析——I．毛细管压力降和熔体表观粘度

在自行设计的恒速型毛细管动态流变装置上，对聚合物熔体进行动态挤出实验。借助已建立的振动力场下聚合物熔体流变行为的表征公式，分别计算振动力场下聚合物熔体在毛细管壁处的剪切应力、剪切速率和表观粘度。与稳态挤出时相比，引入振动力场后，发现毛细管压力降、表观粘度均显著降低，且随着振动频率和振幅的改变呈非线性变化趋势，作者对此进行了深入分析。     

振动力场下聚合物熔体流变行为的响应与分析 Ⅱ．毛细管挤出胀大比和第一法向应力差

在自行设计的恒速型毛细管动态流变装置上，对聚合物熔体进行动态挤出实验。实时采集毛细管的挤出胀大值，借助已建立的振动力场下聚合物熔体弹性行为的表征公式，计算振动力场下聚合物熔体在毛细管壁处的第一法向应力差。通过对比分析有无振动场下以及不同振动强度下聚合物熔体的流变性能，找到聚合物熔体弹性行为对振动力场的响应规律。     

基于协同学的聚合物脉振熔体的弹性稳定性

在脉振剪切流场中建立聚合物熔体协同学控制方程,研究振动参数对Weissenberg数、熔体混合均化程度的影响作用。利用协同学方法能够分析聚合物熔体的弹性稳定性,将Weissenberg数作为脉振流场熔体协同学本构方程的控制参量,聚合物熔体弹性稳定性主要由Weissenberg数决定。在脉振力场中振动参数振幅和频率的变化可降低聚合物熔体的Weissenberg数,可以减少弹性湍流,从而发现脉振力场振动参数对聚合物熔体弹性稳定性的影响作用。     

短圆管挤出模头中熔体取向行为对螺杆轴向振动响应的光散射研究

利用光散射测量方法研究了短圆管挤出模头中聚合物熔体取向行为对螺杆轴向振动的响应。研究结果表明,螺杆轴向振动使聚合物熔体的流动状态和大分子的取向发生了显著的变化,振动力场中振幅或频率的增加都会引起熔体中大分子取向程度的增大。     

振动挤出对LDPE熔融结晶行为的影响

通过对低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)毛细管动态挤出物进行测试分析,探讨了振动力场对聚合物挤出物熔融结晶行为的影响.发现在LDPE熔体流动过程中叠加适当的振动力场后,LDPE挤出物的熔融始态发生明显变化,结晶度不变的同时,晶粒大小有较大降低,并认为这是振动力场对聚合物内部结构产生影响的结果.研究结果对聚合物动态成型加工新技术的深入理论研究具有十分重要的意义.     

振动技术在塑料成型加工中的应用

介绍了在塑料成型加工中施加振动力场的动态加工方法,阐述了振动力场在挤出和注射成型中的作用.运用高分子链及链段运动理论,分析说明振动力场的作用可使聚合物熔体的粘弹性减小,表现在实际加工中压力降低、流率增加、能耗减小和制品质量提高.     

振动力场作用下聚合物挤出压力的时频特性研究

利用小波分析原理对实测的振动力场作用下LDPE、LLDPE熔体挤出压力进行5尺度Daubechies5小波分析,发现振动强度二因子振幅、频率分别对聚合物熔体挤出压力变化的周期性特征产生不同影响.     

动态挤出对聚合物不稳定流动行为的影响

与稳态挤出相比,在振动力场作用下毛细管动态挤出聚合物熔体时,发生不稳定流动的临界流率得到提高。研究结果表明,振动条件下挤出聚合物能有效地改善挤出时的不稳定流动现象,从而提高挤出时产量和质量,为聚合物的成型加工带来巨大的益处。     

LLDPE在振动剪切复合场中挤出成型的流变行为

利用振动剪切挤出装置研究了线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)在振动与旋转剪切复合力场中挤出成型时的流变行为。结果表明:LLDPE熔体在复合力场中的表观黏度受振动频率、振幅、剪切速率等影响很大。在复合力场中存在使黏度降低最大的振动频率和剪切速率的最佳搭配。     

Study on Energy Ratio Model for Phase Morphology of Immiscible Polymer Blends

The formulas of polymer melt velocity, shearing rate, and shearing stress in simple shearing flow under the vibration force field were established. Based on the concept of an energy ratio model, the rate of energy dissipation and the energy ratio for blending systems are expressed theoretically. The calculated and analytical results of both the dynamic flow field and energy ratio show that with the increasing of vibration strength the fluctuating shearing force field exerted on polymer melt and the negative pressure diffusion behavior of instantaneous impulse strengthen. The energy consumption for phase inversion of immiscible polymer blends under the vibration force field is less than that of steady state. The parameter controllability of the vibration force field provides a more effective method for realizing phase inversion of immiscible polymer blends.     

振动剪切作用下聚合物熔体的非仿射网络结构模型——振动参数对聚合物熔体弹性的影响

利用非仿射瞬态网络结构本构模型来分析正弦脉动流场中的聚合物熔体第一、第二法向应力差系数的变化规律，以及振动参数(振动频率和振幅)对聚合物熔体的影响作用。结果表明，在实际加工中可以通过增加振幅或振动频率来降低聚合物熔体的弹性，此模型还可以预测到最佳振幅或最佳振动频率。     

Phase morphology control of immiscible polymer blends under vibration force field

The formulas of polymer melt velocity, shearing rate, and shearing stress under vibration force field are established through simplifying coaxial cylinder circular flow into plane motional flow. On the basis of the concept of energy ratio model, the rate of energy dissipation and the energy ratio about blending systems are expressed, and the affected factors on phase morphology are studied theoretically. The calculated and analytical results of dynamic flow field and energy ratio show that with the increasing of vibration strength, the fluctuating shearing force field exerted on polymer melt and the negative pressure diffusion behavior of instantaneous impulse strengthen. The energy consumption for phase inversion of immiscible polymer blends under vibration force field is less than that of steady state. The parameter controllability of vibration force field provides a more effective method for realizing phase inversion of immiscible polymer blends. The analysis of transmission electron microcopy micrographs of ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer/polypropylene blends verifies that the energy ratio model and its phase morphology controlling theory have a good coincidence in comparison with experimental results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2299–2307, 2006     

Enhanced nanoflow behaviors of polymer melts using dispersed nanoparticles and ultrasonic vibration

In the micro/nano fabrication of polymer nanostructures, a key factor is the favorable nanoflow behavior of polymer melts. Compared with the fluidic hydrodynamics of simple liquids through micro- or macrochannels, the nanoflow behavior of polymer melts, however, is affected much more by nanoscale effects and surface interactions. Therefore, achieving a favorable nanoflow of polymer melts in nanochannels is the key to fabricate high quality polymer nanoproducts. In this paper, the improved nanoflow behaviors of polystyrene melts in ordered porous alumina templates with the addition of nanoparticles and ultrasonic vibration were reported for the first time. Compared with bulk polystyrene (PS), the nanoflow rate of PS melts was enhanced when nanoparticles, such as surface-modified nano-silica (nano-SiO(2)) or β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), were added in a dispersed phase into a polystyrene matrix due to the decrease of the melts' viscosity caused by interactions between nanoparticles and PS segments. The enhancement action of β-CD was observed to be more significant than that of nano-SiO(2) based on the adsorption and the supramolecular self-assembly interactions between PS segments and β-CD. The enhanced nanoflow rate has shown to be more pronounced under ultrasonic vibration than those of the static condition and the low frequency vibration attributed to the synergetic effects of mechanical vibration and ultrasonic oscillation. The nanoflow rate of polymer melts increases with the gradual increase of vibration frequency. The optimal nanoflow behavior can be obtained by simultaneously adding β-CD as dispersed phase into PS matrix and applying ultrasonic vibration in one nanoflow system. These new findings will help the preparation of polymer-based functional nanocomposites, ultrasonic vibration-assisted nanofluidics, and micro/nano injection molding etc.     

力场下聚合物的结晶行为研究进展

介绍了聚合物在力场作用下结晶行为的研究进展;概述了不同力场(剪切、拉伸、振动)对聚合物结晶形态和结晶动力学的影响;重点论述了剪切力场下,剪切速率、剪切方式、分子量和分子量分布等对聚合物成核和生长的影响,简述了拉伸、振动对结晶的影响。认为力场的加入对聚合物的成核和晶体生长都有促进作用。     

Effect of vibration on rheology of polymer melt

In this article, under shearing vibration and pressure vibration, the rheological behavior of HDPE, ABS, and PS melts and the mechanical properties of molded parts are studied. The experimental results show that, under the vibration condition, the apparent viscosity of the polymer melt decreases with an increasing of the vibration frequency and amplitude applied. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1587–1592, 2002     

The dynamic behavior and stress relaxation of polymer melts

Polymer melts exhibit a decrease in apparent viscosity as a function of decreasing time scale of shearing. In order to obtain an understanding of the mechanisms giving rise to this non-Newtonian behavior studies have been made of the dynamic linear viscoelastic response, the limit of linear viscoelastic behavior and the stress relaxation in polymer melts after steady state shearing. The results of these experiments are analyzed with respect to shear induced changes in the relaxation spectrum and the effect of these changes on the apparent viscosity.     

Influence of elasticity on dispersed‐phase droplet size in immiscible polymer blends in simple shearing flow

The influence of elasticity of the blend constituent components on the size and size distribution of dispersed‐phase droplets is investigated for blends of polystyrene and high density polyethylene in a simple shearing flow. The elasticities of the blend components are characterized by their first normal stress differences. The role played by the ratio of drop to matrix elasticity at fixed viscosity ratio was examined by using high molecular weight polymer melts, high density polyethylene and polystyrene, at temperatures at which the viscosity ratios roughly equaled each of three different values: 0.5, 1, and 2. The experiments were conducted by using a cone‐and‐plate rheometer, and the steady‐state number and volume‐mean averages of droplet diameters were determined by optical microscopy. After steady‐state shearing, the viscoelastic drops were larger than the Newtonian drops at the same shearing stress. From the steady‐state dispersed‐phase droplet diameters, the steady‐state capillary number, Ca, defined as the ratio of the viscous shearing stress over the interfacial tension stress, was calculated as a function of the ratio of the first normal stress differences in the droplet and matrix phases. For the blend systems with viscosity ratio 0.5, 1 and 2, the values of steady‐state capillary number were found to increase with the first normal stress difference ratio and followed a power law with scaling exponents between 1.7 and 1.9.     

An analysis of fiber buckling

This paper presents results obtained by the experimental technique of photoelastic stress analysis and by finite or discrete element analysis, applied to the case of buckling of a single, axially-loaded metal fiber embedded in a plastic matrix. The program was conducted utilizing a mild steel fiber embedded in an epoxy resin system. The fiber was loaded axially with an increasing compressive force until buckling occurred. Along with determination of the critical load for the fiber, the maximum shearing stress at any point in the epoxy matrix was determined using two-dimension photoelastic stress analysis. In the analytical study, the fiber was modeled by a series of bending elements and the matrix by an assemblage of constant-strain triangular elements. The total system was thus modeled by the two types of elements connected at common nodal points. The instability was solved as a standard eigenvalue problem and the stress tensor was obtained by finite element stress analysis.