PE-LLD/Al2O3导热复合材料的制备及性能

通过哈克密炼–模压成型法制备了线型低密度聚乙烯(PE-LLD)/Al_2O_3复合材料,并在不同温度条件下对复合材料的导热性能进行研究。通过扫描电子显微镜、热失重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪、激光导热仪和精密阻抗分析仪研究了复合材料中Al_2O_3的分散性及复合材料的热稳定性、熔融行为、导热性能和介电性能。结果表明,Al_2O_3均匀分散在PE-LLD基体中;添加微米级Al_2O_3后,复合材料的熔点和熔融焓变化不大,热稳定性能有所提高;当Al_2O_3添加量为100份时,复合材料的热导率为1.426W/(m·K),比纯PE-LLD的热导率提高218.0%;随着温度的升高,Al_2O_3的添加量越多,复合材料的热导率降低越明显;随着Al_2O_3添加量的增加,复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗增大,在低频时增加更明显。     

高流动性PA 6/Al_(2)O_(3)导热复合材料的制备及其性能北大核心

以球形Al_(2)O_(3)为填料,高流动性聚酰胺(PA)6为基体,利用双螺杆挤出熔融共混技术,制备了PA 6/Al_(2)O_(3)导热复合材料,并研究了Al_(2)O_(3)含量和粒径对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:随着亚微米Al_(2)O_(3)含量的增加,填料形成了更加发达的导热通道,当Al_(2)O_(3)质量分数为80%时,复合材料的导热系数达到1.510 W/(m·K),较纯PA 6提升了439%,同时复合材料的弯曲强度提高了60%,弯曲模量提高了367%,结晶温度提高了16.1℃;添加Al_(2)O_(3)不仅改善了复合材料的结晶性能,还提高了复合材料的导热性能和力学性能。     

高导热GE/Al_2O_3/CO-PA复合材料的制备与性能

以石墨烯(GE)和氧化铝(Al_2O_3)为导热填料,三元共聚尼龙(CO-PA)为基体,硅烷偶联剂KH-550为表面改性剂,通过溶液共混的方法制备了石墨烯/氧化铝/三元共聚尼龙导热复合材料。XRD和SEM分析表明,GE、Al_2O_3的加入改变了尼龙的结晶晶型; DSC与TGA分析表明,GE与Al_2O_3的填料体系降低了尼龙的结晶性能,同时复合材料的热稳定性得到提高;热导率测试结果表明,填料的添加使复合材料的热导率得到较为明显的提高,当Al_2O_3的添加量为50%,GE添加量8%时,复合材料的热导率提高了8. 8倍;力学测试表明,低含量的导热填料能够提高复合材料的力学性能,当Al_2O_3添加量为50%,GE含量为1%时,复合材料的屈服强度提高了62. 1%,当Al_2O_3添加量为30%时,复合材料的拉伸强度提高了21. 2%。     

具有高各向同性导热性能的PA6/Al_2O_3/BN复合材料

以不同粒径的球形氧化铝(α-Al_2O_3)和少量二维氮化硼(BN)为填料,聚酰胺6 (PA6)为基体,通过熔融共混法制备了PA6/Al_2O_3/BN导热复合材料,并使用激光散射仪等对其各向导热性能进行了研究。由于两种填料粒子间的协同作用,复合材料的导热性能相对仅以氧化铝为填料时得到了明显的提升。研究还发现氧化铝粒子能降低BN在垂直于热压方向的取向系数,从而使复合材料导热系数的各向异性指数得到降低,材料在平行于热压方向上(Through-plane)也兼具较好的导热性能。在填料总体积分数为47%时(其中氧化铝为40%、BN为7%),PA6/Al_2O_3/BN复合材料在平行及垂直于热压方向(In-plane)的导热系数最高分别达到了2.32 W/(m·K)和2.90 W/(m·K),较之使用50% Al_2O_3的PA6/Al_2O_3复合材料,其导热系数在各方向上分别提升了26.78%、58.47%。此外,红外热图测试进一步表明了PA6/Al_2O_3/BN复合材料较好的散热性能。     

低温高抗冲高导热PA6的制备及改性

针对目前国内市场上灯具用工程塑料替代铝制作高导热、高抗冲的制品存在较少、国内技术无法突破工业化的问题,通过向尼龙(PA)6中添加氧化铝(Al_2O_3)、氮化铝(Al N)和乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物接枝马来酸酐(POE-g-MAH)弹性体,制备了LED灯用PA6工程塑料材料,研究了Al_2O_3,Al N和弹性体的用量对PA6材料导热性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,高含量的Al_2O_3或Al N均可明显提高PA6材料的导热系数,但降低了材料的力学性能;Al_2O_3和Al N复配能显著改善PA6材料的导热性能且对材料力学性能影响不大;适宜的Al_2O_3,Al N和弹性体的复合配比,可在保证PA6一定程度的导热性能和强度的条件下,大幅提高其冲击性能。当弹性体质量分数为10%,复合导热剂(Al_2O_3+Al N)质量分数为60%,Al N质量分数为15%时,材料的导热系数可达到1.121 W/(m·K),冲击强度为10.5 k J/m~2,同时通过低温IK05防护等级实验(–30℃),从而制得了高导热、低温高抗冲的LED灯用PA6工程塑料材料。     

复合聚全氟乙丙烯材料的介电及高频击穿性能研究

在聚全氟乙丙烯(FEP)中添加 TiO_2和 Al_2O_3,通过热压成型的方法制备了 FEP/TiO_2复合材料和 FEP/Al_2O_3复合材料,研究了氧化物添加量对复合材料介电常数、介电损耗和高频击穿性能的影响。结果表明,随氧化物含量的增加,复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗均增加;在同一添加量下,TiO_2对复合体系的介电性能影响较大。FEP/TiO_2复合材料的高频击穿性能随 TiO_2含量的增加而下降,在 TiO_2含量为4.0%(质量分数,下同)时,复合材料的损伤阈值已降为 FEP 材料损伤阈值的48.9 %。而 FEP/Al_2O_3复合材料的高频击穿性能随 Al_2O_3含量的增加而升高,当 Al_2O_3含量为1.2%时,复合材料的损伤阈值已增大到 FEP 材料损伤阈值的2倍,达到313 J/m~2。     

PP/纳米Al_2O_3复合材料及其发泡材料的制备与表征

用PP与纳米Al_2O_3熔融共混法制备复合材料,再用超临界CO_2间歇发泡法制备发泡材料,并对材料的结晶行为、力学性能、发泡行为和导热性能进行研究。结果表明,纳米Al_2O_3能提高复合材料的结晶和熔融温度,但会降低PP链段运动能力,当纳米Al_2O_3含量为7%时,复合材料的结晶度由纯PP的28.10%降至24.46%;纳米Al_2O_3具有刚性粒子的增强增韧协同效果,当纳米Al_2O_3含量为5%时,纳米Al_2O_3的骨架效应使得复合材料的拉伸强度达到33.9 MPa,继续提高其含量后复合材料的拉伸强度略微下降。由于纳米Al_2O_3的刚性粒子增韧效果,当纳米Al_2O_3含量达到7%时,复合材料的冲击强度可达到5.26 k J/m2。纳米Al_2O_3起到异相泡孔成核剂作用,加入5%的纳米Al_2O_3后,发泡材料的泡孔密度提高至2.18×107个/cm3,其热导率在纳米Al_2O_3含量为7%时达到0.107 W/(m·K)。     

ZrO_2界面相对3D-Al_2O_3/Al_2O_3复合材料性能的影响

实验主要采用溶胶凝胶法(sol-gel)制备3D-Al_2O_3/Al_2O_3复合材料,并在纤维和基体之间制备ZrO_2界面相,通过三点弯曲实验分析材料的力学性能;通过扫描电镜观察破坏规律。研究表明,所制备的3D-Al_2O_3/Al_2O_3复合材料,其基体的主要成分为α-Al_2O_3,引入ZrO_2界面相的复合材料弯曲强度达到75.2MPa,与无界面相复合材料弯曲强度(62.3 MPa)相比提高了20.7%,无界面相Al_2O_3/Al_2O_3复合材料断口平整,呈现脆性断裂,存在ZrO_2界面相的Al_2O_3/Al_2O_3复合材料断口有大量纤维拔出,表现出类似金属断裂的假塑性断裂特征。     

聚合物/Al_2O_3导热绝缘复合材料研究进展

Al_2O_3以其优越电绝缘性及良好导热能力、价格低廉等综合性能成为目前制备导热绝缘复合材料的一类重要填料。综述了聚合物/Al_2O_3导热绝缘复合材料的研究进展,重点阐述了氧化铝的用量、形状、粒径、表面改性、混杂填充及加工方法等对聚合物/Al_2O_3复合材料热导率及其他性能的影响,为制备综合性能优良的聚合物/Al_2O_3复合材料提供有益参考。     

氧化铝填充环氧树脂复合材料的导热性能

采用商用软件包DIGIMAT,建立了不同粒径分布,不同含量的氧化铝(Al_2O_3)填充环氧树脂基复合材料的三维代表体积单元(RVE)模型,采取有限元方法研究了复合材料体系的热学性能。制备了6种质量分数,2种粒径分布的Al_2O_3增强环氧树脂的复合材料样品,并测量得到了有效热导率。将模拟以及实验结果进行分析发现,复合材料的导热性能随着Al_2O_3填料的增多而增大,并且在质量分数为30%时,增幅较为明显;当Al_2O_3粒径呈正态分布时,Al_2O_3粒子大小交错排列能够得到更大的填充率。     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Wet Milling of Fe/Al/Al2O3 and Fe2O3/Al/Al2O3 Powder Mixtures

Wet milling of Al₂O₃-aluminide alloy (3A) precursor powders in acetone has been investigated by milling Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures. The influence of the milling process on the physical and chemical properties of the milled powders has been studied. Particle refinement and homogenization were found not to play a dominant role, whereas plastic deformation of the metal particles leads to the formation of dislocations and a highly disarranged polycrystalline structure. Although no chemical reactions among the powder components in Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures were observed, the formation of a nanocrystalline, ordered intermetallic FeAl phase in Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures caused by mechanical alloying was detected. Chemical reactions of Fe and Al particle surfaces with the atmosphere and the milling media lead to the formation of highly porous hydroxides on the particle surfaces. Hence the specific surface area of the powders increases, while the powder density decreases during milling. The fraction of Fe oxidized during milling was determined to be 0.13. The fraction of Al oxidized during milling strongly depends on the metal content of the powder mixture. It ranges between 0.4 and 0.8.     

Participation of lewis base on vinyl chloride polymerization with Al(C2H5)3CCl4 catalyst system

The polymerization of vinyl chloride has been investigated using an $\text{Al}\text{(}\text{C}{}_2\text{H}{}_5\text{)}{}_3\text{CCl}{}_4$ catalyst system in the presence of various Lewis bases. Effective Lewis bases are γ-butyrolactone, diglyme and diethylenetriamine which are multidentate. The rate of polymerization is dependent not only on the basicity of the Lewis base used but also on a coordination number of one. The latter is the predominant factor. For the effect of polymeric amines, a tentative hypothesis is discussed.     

Sintering of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering kinetics of the system Si₃N4-Y2O₃-Al₂O3 were determined from measurements of the linear shrinkage of pressed disks sintered isothermally at 1500° to 1700°C. Amorphous and crystalline Si₃N₄ were studied with additions of 4 to 17 wt% Y₂O₃ and 4 wt% A1₂O₃. Sintering occurs by a liquid-phase mechanism in which the kinetics exhibit the three stages predicted by Kingery's model. However, the rates during the second stage of the process are higher for all compositions than predicted by the model. X-ray data show the presence of several transient phases which, with sufficient heating, disappear leaving mixtures of β ' -Si₃N₄ and glass or β '-Si₃N₄, α '-Si₃N₄, and glass. The compositions and amounts of the residual glassy phases are estimated.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33C and Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33CxN1-x Whiskers

Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C and Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C _x N_{1− x} whiskers were synthesized via a carbothermal vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism in the temperature range 900°-1450°C in Ar or N₂. The optimum temperature was 1250°C. Whiskers were obtained in a yield of 70-90 vol%. The whiskers were 0.5–1 µm in diameter and 10–30 µm in length. The starting materials that produced the highest whisker yield were: TiO₂, Ta₂O₅, Nb₂O₅, C, Ni, and NaCl. C was added to reduce the oxides, and Ni to catalyze whisker growth. NaCl was used as a source of Cl for vapor-phase transportation of Ta and Nb oxochlorides and Ti chlorides to the catalyst. The catalyst metal was recycled several times during the synthesis and was transported as NiCl₂( g ) according to thermodynamic calculations. The rate of formation and the chemical composition of the whiskers depended on the synthesis temperature, the choice of catalyst, and the atmosphere. At low temperatures, the whiskers were enriched in Nb and Ta, whereas the Ti content increased with increased synthesis temperature.