溶剂挥发法制备聚苯乙烯壁材光致变色微胶囊

针对螺吡喃类有机光致变色材料在实际应用中的耐疲劳性差的问题,以N-羟乙基-3,3-二甲基-6-硝基吲哚啉螺吡喃的正辛烷分散液为芯材,聚苯乙烯为壁材,采用溶剂挥发法制备了螺吡喃光致变色微胶囊,通过SEM和纳米粒度及Zeta电位分析仪对其进行了形貌和粒径测试,并将制得的光致变色微胶囊印花到棉机织白布上,得到光致变色微胶囊印花织物。结果表明,光致变色微胶囊包覆完整,表面光滑,平均粒径约为700 nm,粒径分布比较分散。光致变色微胶囊具有良好的变色性能,紫外光照射20 s左右即可完全变色,黑暗环境下450 s能够恢复至初始状态,光致变色微胶囊的印花织物变色前后的色差达到36.10,且在经过20次变色循环后仍具有良好的光变耐疲劳性能。     

乳化-化学交联法光致变色微胶囊的制备及其性能

以螺吡喃光致变色染料为芯材、壳聚糖为壁材,采用乳化-化学交联法制备了粒径分布窄、平均粒径较小的光致变色壳聚糖微胶囊。考察了乳化剂种类、超声时间、芯壁质量比对微胶囊粒径的影响,测试了光致变色壳聚糖微胶囊的热稳定性及光致变色响应性能。结果表明:当乳化剂为质量分数5%的Tween80水溶液、超声时间120 min、芯壁质量比为1∶3时,制得的微胶囊粒径分布范围窄,平均粒径3.2μm,密封性良好,能耐受300℃左右的高温;光致变色微胶囊分散液达到变色稳态、褪色稳态的时间分别为4.25、26.00s,较未胶囊化的光致变色染料分散液分别提高了0.25、4.00 s,具有良好的光致变色灵敏性。     

溶剂挥发法制备聚砜包覆桐油自修复微胶囊

以聚砜为壁材,桐油为芯材,采用溶剂挥发法制备了聚砜（PSF）包覆桐油自修复微胶囊。考查了不同种类的分散剂、搅拌速度、芯壁比（芯材与壁材的质量比）等工艺参数对微胶囊性能的影响,通过扫描电子显微镜、光学显微镜和热重分析仪等对微胶囊的表观形貌、粒径、壁厚、包覆率和热稳定性能等进行表征。采用所合成的微胶囊制备了环氧树脂基防腐蚀涂层,并对其防腐蚀性能进行了评价。结果表明,30 ℃时,以明胶/聚乙烯醇复配体系作为分散剂,芯材与壁材质量比为1.3:1,搅拌速度为700 r/min时制备出的微胶囊表面光滑致密,粒径在130 μm左右,热稳定温度为350 ℃;盐雾实验结果表明,所制备的微胶囊自修复涂层具有良好的防腐蚀性能。     

复凝聚法制备石蜡相变储能微胶囊及其性能研究

以壳聚糖和阿拉伯胶为壁材,石蜡为芯材,采用复凝聚法制备相变储能微胶囊。通过单因素实验,探究pH、复凝聚反应时间、芯壳比、交联剂用量等对微胶囊包覆率及包覆效率的影响。使用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪和热重分析仪对微胶囊的形貌、化学组成及热性能进行研究。结果表明,在最优工艺条件下(pH=4.5,复凝聚反应时间20 min,芯壳比1.5∶1,交联剂用量2 m L)制备出的微胶囊粒径20³0μm之间,包覆率为52.84%,包覆效率为56.27%。壳聚糖/阿拉伯胶壁材对石蜡起到保护作用,使其耐热性提高。     

复凝聚法制备石蜡相变储能微胶囊及其性能研究

以壳聚糖和阿拉伯胶为壁材,石蜡为芯材,采用复凝聚法制备相变储能微胶囊。通过单因素实验,探究pH、复凝聚反应时间、芯壳比、交联剂用量等对微胶囊包覆率及包覆效率的影响。使用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪和热重分析仪对微胶囊的形貌、化学组成及热性能进行研究。结果表明,在最优工艺条件下(pH=4.5,复凝聚反应时间20 min,芯壳比1.5∶1,交联剂用量2 m L)制备出的微胶囊粒径20~30μm之间,包覆率为52.84%,包覆效率为56.27%。壳聚糖/阿拉伯胶壁材对石蜡起到保护作用,使其耐热性提高。     

聚砜包覆环氧树脂微胶囊的制备

采用溶剂蒸发法制备了聚砜包覆双酚A型环氧树脂微胶囊,通过光学显微镜、激光粒度分布仪和微机差热天平对微胶囊的形貌、粒径分布及热性能进行了表征,讨论了分散剂种类及用量、搅拌速度、反应温度以及壁材与芯材投料质量比对微胶囊制备的影响。结果表明,反应温度过高时不能形成微胶囊;选择1.0 %（质量分数,下同）的聚乙烯醇分散剂、搅拌速度为750 r/min、反应温度为30 ℃、壁材与芯材投料质量比为2∶1时制得的微胶囊呈规则球形,产率较高,微胶囊分散较好,平均粒径在100 μm之内。     

热致可逆变色微胶囊乳液的制备与性能研究

本文采用结晶紫内酯,双酚A和正癸酸双酯为可逆变色乳液的芯材,聚苯乙烯为壁材,制备了一种具有热致可逆变色的微胶囊乳液。利用红外光谱,透反射显微镜,纳米粒度仪和紫外光谱仪对其基本性能进行表征。实验结果表明,当n结晶紫内酯:n双酚A=1:2时,得到的芯材颜色最深。当十二烷基硫酸钠的用量为0.02mol/L时,粒径分布在1000-2000nm,单分散性好,形貌呈球形,通过循环升降温测试,表明其具有良好的热致可逆变色能力。     

溶剂蒸发法制备改性胺固化剂微胶囊的研究

以改性胺固化剂(1618)为囊芯、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)为囊壁,采用溶剂蒸发法制备了EP(环氧树脂)固化用PEI包覆1618微胶囊。研究结果表明:固化剂芯材已被微胶囊PEI壁材成功包覆,其热稳定温度为130℃;以明胶作为分散剂时,制得的固化剂微胶囊表面光滑,分散性较好;随着芯壁比的增加,固化剂微胶囊的表面变得光滑、致密,并且其平均粒径减小(当芯壁比从1.0∶2.0增至1.5∶1.0时,平均粒径由45.8μm减至24.7μm)。     

癸酸相变微胶囊的制备及热性能

以尿素、甲醛及癸酸为原料,利用原位聚合法制备了脲醛树脂包覆癸酸的相变微胶囊。以芯壁质量比、乳化剂用量、乳化转速及固化剂含量为变量设计正交实验,采用ESEM、FTIR和DSC分别表征癸酸微胶囊的微观形貌、化学结构及热性能,利用渗漏率实验测试癸酸微胶囊的防渗性能。结果表明,m(OP-10)∶m(Span-80)=4∶1的复合乳化剂有利于改善癸酸微胶囊颗粒特性。癸酸微胶囊P(芯壁质量比3∶2、乳化剂用量占芯材质量5%、乳化转速1400 r/min、固化剂间苯二酚用量占尿素质量12%)在微观形貌上分散良好且大小均一,相变潜热为123.91 J/g,渗漏率和包覆率分别为6.95%和69.7%,与癸酸微胶囊S(芯壁质量比1∶1、乳化剂用量占芯材质量6%、乳化转速1100 r/min、固化剂用量占尿素质量10%)相比,癸酸微胶囊P的渗漏率降低了57.2%,包覆率反而提高了132.3%,具有良好的热性能。     

纳米SiO_2改性脲醛树脂/十二醇相变微胶囊的制备及性能

利用原位聚合法制备了以纳米SiO_2改性脲醛树脂为壁材、十二醇为芯材的相变微胶囊。考察了芯壁质量比、固化终点pH和纳米SiO_2质量分数对微胶囊包封率和芯材质量分数、渗透率的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TG)等分别对微胶囊相变材料的表面形貌、粒径和热性能进行了表征。研究结果表明,纳米SiO_2改性脲醛树脂/十二醇相变微胶囊的最佳制备条件为:芯壁质量比为1∶2、固化终点p H=1.5~2、纳米SiO_2质量分数为3%。制备的微胶囊为表面光滑的球形,粒径大小为1.85~5μm,包封率和芯材质量分数分别为62.5%和79.3%,相变潜热为148.4 J/g。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。