耐温耐盐乳化降黏剂的结构设计及其构效关系

以双酚AF(BPAF)、对羟基苯磺酸(PHSA)、聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(OP-10)为原料制得乳化降黏剂AFOP-10(阴-非离子型乳化降黏剂),测试了AFOP-10的表面性质和耐温耐盐性能,考察了该降黏剂结构与性能的关系,初步探究了该降黏剂的降黏机理。研究结果表明:乳化降黏剂AFOP-10的HLB值为11.37,浊点(Tk)为75℃,临界胶束浓度(CMC)为0.08 g/L,AFOP-10的表面张力γCMC=30.30 mN/m,具有较好的表面活性。该降黏剂热降解温度高达363℃,单体配比n(BPAF)∶n(PHSA)∶n(OP-10)=1∶6∶9时,降黏剂最高可耐盐浓度为49476 mg/L,用矿化度为8246 mg/L的盐水配制的质量分数1.0%的AFOP-10溶液经300℃老化处理24h后,AFOP-10仍具有良好的活性,降黏率可达98.50%以上。AFOP-10对渤海油田不同油区的油品都有较好的乳化降黏效果,具有良好的普适性。     

水基钻井液降粘剂JNG-1的合成与性能评价

以苯乙烯磺酸钠（SSS）、丙烯酰胺（AM）和丙烯酸（AA）为原料,合成了SSS/AM/AA共聚物降粘剂,并对其在泥浆中的降粘性能进行了评价。最佳合成方案为：n（苯乙烯磺酸钠）∶n（AM）∶n（AA）=2∶1∶4,单体质量为15%,反应温度80℃,反应时间3 h,引发剂用量为2%。在此条件下,合成的聚合物降粘剂结构和预计的结构一致,具有较好的抗温能力,在盐浓度为30%的盐水泥浆中,降粘率为62.71%。     

稠油低温乳化降粘剂的研制

针对大庆黑帝庙稠油埋藏浅，油层温度低（15℃）的特点，以乳化稳定性和降粘率为评价指标，通过单剂筛选，二元复配筛选、正交试验等工作，筛选出适于大庆黑帝庙稠油的乳化降粘剂配方：表面活性剂组合物0.5% NaOH0.3%,水相为配制水（总盐度4456mg/L），该配方降粘率可达92％以上，且其形成的稠油乳状液易破乳脱水。     

树枝型油溶性稠油降粘剂的研制

以二乙醇胺、环氧氯丙烷及十八酰氯为单体合成了一种枝型油溶性稠油降粘剂,并通过红外表征其结构。得到了该降粘剂的最佳合成条件如下:n(二乙醇胺)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)∶n(十八酰氯)=1∶3∶1,第1阶段二乙醇胺与环氧氯丙烷的反应温度为80℃,反应时间40 min,促进剂的加量0.8%(占二乙醇胺和环氧氯丙烷总质量百分数);第2阶段用十八酰氯接枝的反应温度80℃,反应时间为6 h。考察了不同温度、不同加量下降粘剂对原油的降粘率,在60℃的条件下,当加量为750 mg/L时,原油的降粘率最高可达43.06%,表现出明显的降粘效果。     

塔河油田超稠油水溶性减阻降粘剂的研究与应用

针对塔河稠油高粘及油田地层水高矿化度的特点,研制了耐盐型稠油减阻降粘剂,考察了药剂浓度、矿化度、油水比例以及破乳效果等对稠油降粘效果的影响。结果表明,在A剂加量为3 200 mg/L,B剂加量为800 mg/L,w(油)∶w(水)=6∶4时,降粘剂最佳适用矿化度为9×104mg/L左右,对破乳基本无影响。现场试验结果表明,稠油减阻降粘剂能满足50℃时原油粘度在50×104mPa.s以下的稠油降粘,其对矿化度敏感,最佳矿化度使用范围在7×104~12×104mg/L,耐盐型稠油减阻降粘剂应用于电泵型油井降粘试验效果较好。     

树枝型油溶性稠油降粘剂的研制

以二乙醇胺、环氧氯丙烷及十八酰氯为单体合成了一种枝型油溶性稠油降粘剂,并通过红外表征其结构。得到了该降粘剂的最佳合成条件如下:n(二乙醇胺)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)∶n(十八酰氯)=1∶3∶1,第1阶段二乙醇胺与环氧氯丙烷的反应温度为80℃,反应时间40 min,促进剂的加量0.8%(占二乙醇胺和环氧氯丙烷总质量百分数);第2阶段用十八酰氯接枝的反应温度80℃,反应时间为6 h。考察了不同温度、不同加量下降粘剂对原油的降粘率,在60℃的条件下,当加量为750 mg/L时,原油的降粘率最高可达43.06%,表现出明显的降粘效果。     

一种稠油油溶性降粘剂的合成与评价

以多元醇、马来酸酐及丙烯酸为单体,设计合成了一种油溶性稠油降粘剂,研究了合成条件,降粘剂的加量和加入温度对降粘效果的影响。最佳合成条件为:多元醇、丙烯酸、马来酸酐的物质量比为1.0∶0.4∶1.0,反应温度为115～120℃,反应时间为4.5～5 h;当降粘剂的加量为750 mg/L,温度在50℃时,降粘率达到86.90%,具有最佳的降粘效果。     

耐温耐盐复配型降黏剂乳化降黏实验研究

将表面活性剂OP-12、AEO-15、SDBS、SAS溶于蒸馏水中,配制降粘剂溶液,得到降粘剂。按油剂质量比7∶3加入油中,乳化温度50℃,水浴时间1 h,搅拌速度200 r/min,搅拌时间5 min,剪切速率33. 8 s-1,形成稠油乳状液,测定降粘率。最优降黏剂配方OP-12、SDBS、SAS、AEO-15的浓度(质量分数)分别为0. 7%,0. 5%,1%,1. 5%。经验证,最优降黏剂配方耐温达到110℃,耐盐能力达到34 180. 88 mg/L,并且其经三组高矿水高温处理后,与稠油形成乳状液的稳定性较高,平均降黏率分别达到95. 37%,95. 28%,95. 24%。     

一种油溶性稠油降粘剂的制备与性能评价

以丙烯酸十八酯与丙烯酰胺、马来酸酐单体与一种阴离子单体对乙烯基苯磺酸钠（ NaSS ）通过溶液聚合的方法合成了一种油溶性聚合物。结果表明：所合成的降粘剂对塔河JT-4稠油具有良好的降粘效果。降粘剂加入量为400 mg/kg时,该降粘剂在50℃使高粘稠油的降粘率几乎达到90％,具有极好的降粘效果。     

耐温耐盐复配型降黏剂乳化降黏实验研究

将表面活性剂OP-12、AEO-15、SDBS、SAS溶于蒸馏水中,配制降粘剂溶液,得到降粘剂。按油剂质量比7∶3加入油中,乳化温度50℃,水浴时间1 h,搅拌速度200 r/min,搅拌时间5 min,剪切速率33. 8 s-1,形成稠油乳状液,测定降粘率。最优降黏剂配方OP-12、SDBS、SAS、AEO-15的浓度(质量分数)分别为0. 7%,0. 5%,1%,1. 5%。经验证,最优降黏剂配方耐温达到110℃,耐盐能力达到34 180. 88 mg/L,并且其经三组高矿水高温处理后,与稠油形成乳状液的稳定性较高,平均降黏率分别达到95. 37%,95. 28%,95. 24%。     

驱油用疏水缔合聚合物的制备及性能分析

以AA/AM/C_(18)DMAAC三元共聚前水解方法反应制得一种梳状疏水缔合聚合物,该产物同时兼有亲水和疏水两种基团。实验过程采取二段引发方式引发,一段为氧化还原引发,二段为偶氮引发。通过产物性能分析可知反应体系的pH值、水解度、C_(18)DMAAC含量等条件是影响聚合产物性能的主要原因,该聚合产物具有较强的抗盐,耐温性能,且疏水缔合聚合物具有低浓高粘的特性。疏水缔合物对原油的乳化实验显示了疏水缔合物具有良好的乳化原油能力。     

高性能聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂的研制与应用

制备了一种聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂新材料。探讨了反应温度、丁醛含量、树脂粘度等对最终性能的影响。确定了最佳的工艺条件。研究结果表明:由此制得的树脂具有良好的柔软性、粘附性、耐热性、成膜性和绝缘性,可广泛应用于纤维、金属、玻璃、陶瓷、皮革等材料的粘接和涂层。     

白乳胶性能提高的研究试验

为了提高乙酸乙烯酯(PVAc)白乳胶的性能,采用聚乙烯醇缩甲醛对乙酸乙烯酯白乳胶进行共聚改性.探讨了改性物及其用量、单体的选择、反应温度、滴加速度、保温温度及保护剂、增塑剂、填料等对合成的影响,确定了一个相对较佳的合成工艺.制成一种粘接性、耐水性、耐冻性能、耐寒性等性能优良且价格合理的木材用胶黏剂-聚醋酸乙烯酯白乳胶.     

The effect of Al2O3 on the high‐temperature oxidation resistance of Si‐B‐C ceramic under air atmosphere

Si‐B‐C ceramics were prepared through reaction sintering, and the influence of Al₂O₃ addition on the high‐temperature (1100‐1300°C) oxidation behavior of the material under air atmosphere was studied. The erosion behavior and mechanism are determined from the measurement of weigh changes, microstructure observations, and characterization of the generated oxides on postexposure specimens. Results show that Al₂O₃ is enriched in the oxidized layer, inhibiting the volatilization of B₂O₃ and impeding the crystallization ability of oxide (cristobalite). Narrower erosion layer and less weigh change are observed with Al₂O₃. Low‐frequency Raman results reveals that with the increase in Al₂O₃, the bending vibrations of the BO₄ units and B‐O‐B stretching of the metaborate ring relative intensity are enhanced. Furthermore, high‐frequency Raman results shows that the relative proportion of high‐dimensional vibration modes Q³ and Q⁴ which result in a higher viscosity of melt and a greater resistance of oxygen diffusion are positively correlated with Al₂O₃.     

Characteristics of epoxy resin cured with in situ polymerized curing agent

In order to improve the heat resistance of a cured epoxy resin together with reducing the viscosity of the resin composition, an epoxy resin was cured with a curing agent formed from the radical copolymerization of vinyl monomers during the cure process of the epoxy resin. N-phenylmaleimide and p-acetoxystyrene were used as vinyl monomers of the curing agent. The epoxy resin was cured by the insertion reaction of the ester group of the in situ polymerized curing agent and the epoxy group of the epoxy resin. In the cure system of the epoxy and the phenol resins, reduction of the viscosity of the resin composition was achieved by replacing some or all of the phenol resin with these monomers. When all phenol resins were replaced by these monomers, the viscosity of resin composition (0.01 Pa s at 70 °C) decreased by about 1/2000 compared with that of the system with only phenol resin (21 Pa s at 70 °C). The glass transition temperature (T_g) of the cured resin with no phenols was 174 °C, an improvement of 17 °C compared with that of the system cured with only phenol resin. The flexural strength of the new resins remained unchanged.     

疏水缔合聚合物P(AM-AMPS-SA)的合成与性能研究

采用2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)与丙烯酸十八酯(SA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)通过自由基胶束共聚法合成疏水缔合聚合物P(AM-AMPS-SA)。经红外和核磁共振表征聚合物结构,并测定在不同剪切速率、NaCl、CaCl2浓度及温度条件下的聚合物溶液表观黏度的变化以及聚合物溶液的临界缔合浓度。结果表明,所制备的疏水缔合聚合物P(AM-AMPS-SA),它的临界缔合浓度在0.25~0.3g/dL,具有一定的抗温、抗盐性以及抗剪切性,且对二价盐的抗盐性比一价盐要好。     

天然橡胶/三元乙丙橡胶共混相态结构对性能的影响

研究天然橡胶(NR)/三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)体系并用比与粘度比的变化对其物理性能、耐老化性能及相态结构的影响。结果表明:分别调整NR和EPDM的硫化特性并使之保持一致时,可以改善NR/EPDM并用胶的共硫化性能;NR/EPDM体系粘度比不变,NR含量越大,呈连续相态,并用胶的耐老化性能越差;NR/EPDM体系并用比不变,EPDM粘度越低,容易成为连续相态,并用胶的耐老化性能明显提升。     

一种疏水缔合聚合物的合成及溶液性能

将十八烷基-二甲基甲代烯丙基氯化铵(C18DMMAAC)作为疏水单体,与丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)在水溶液中通过自由基聚合得到疏水缔合聚合物HAPAM-18,通过1HNMR和红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。最佳的聚合反应条件为:n(AM)∶n(AA)∶n(C18DMMAAC)=74.94∶25∶0.06,AA的摩尔中和度为95%,单体总质量分数为20%,引发剂质量分数为0.05%(以单体总质量计),温度45℃,反应时间12 h。研究表明,聚合物溶液的临界缔合质量浓度为2 g/L;聚合物溶液对温度较为敏感,80℃时黏度保留率为70.93%;聚合物溶液仍为剪切变稀的假塑性流体,但表现出良好的抗剪切性能,剪切1 h后黏度保留率达115%;由于设计为含较多阴离子的聚合物,该聚合物的抗盐性较差。     

Effects of processing conditions on the barrier properties of polyethylene (PE)/modified polyamide (MPA) and modified polyethylene (MPE)/polyamide (PA) blends

Different modified polyamide (MPA) and modified polyethylene (MPE) resins were prepared by reactive extrusion of different contents of a compatibilizer precursor (CP) with either polyamide (PA) or polyethylene (PE). The MPE and MPA resins were then blow‐molded with designed amounts of PA or PE resins to prepare four different sets of MPE/PA and PE/MPA bottles with the same CP, PA, and PE compositions. Somewhat surprisingly, the xylene permeation resistance of the MPE bottles is worse than that of the base PE bottle and decreases consistently as MPE contains more CP. In contrast, the MPE/PA and PE/MPA bottles exhibit much better xylene permeation resistance than that of the base PE bottle, wherein the PE/MPA bottles show significantly better permeation resistance than that of the corresponding MPE/PA bottles prepared at the same blow‐molding conditions. On the other hand, it is worth noting that the xylene permeation rate of each of the MPE/PA and PE/MPA bottles prepared at a fixed extrusion temperature reaches a minimum when prepared with an optimum screw speed near 400 rpm. Similarly, at a fixed screw speed, the highest permeation resistance of each PE/MPA bottle is always obtained when prepared at an optimum extrusion temperature of about 230^oC. However, the xylene permeation resistance of each MPE/PA bottle improves consistently when prepared at the higher extrusion temperatures used in this study. These interesting phenomena were investigated in terms of the morphology, thermal analysis of the PE/MPA and MPE/PA blends, the compatibility between PE (or MPE) and MPA (or PA), and the viscosity ratios of MPA (or PA) to PE (or MPE) during the blow‐molding process. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 1997–2008, 2000     

耐低温改性MDI的合成研究

介绍了一种改性MDI的制备方法。通过用自制改性剂对MDI进行改性,对比不同NCO含量与凝固点的关系,改性后的MDI耐低温性能得到了明显提升,有利于冬天使用。