全方位越障移动机构研究

针对清洗壁面作业对机器人提出的特殊要求,研制了可越障轮式全方位移动机构—— -车轮组机构,该机构保证机器人在姿态保持不变的前提下,沿壁面任意方向直线移动、或 在原地旋转任意角度,同时能跨越存在于机器人运行路径中的障碍．该机构不需要传感装置 来检测障碍,不需要复杂的辅助机构来实现平面上运动和越障运动之间的转换．     

Mechanism Design and Mechanical Analysis of Multi-Suction Sliding Cleaning Robot Used in Glass Curtain Wall

In order to meet the needs of high-altitude glass curtain wall cleaning, a multi-suction sliding cleaning robot was designed. The sliding robot sucker, cleaning system, obstacle avoidance and rotation ability, walking circuit and mobile working principle of the cleaning robot were designed. This involved the analysis of the robot’s anti-rollover mechanics during adsorption, of robotic winds when working at height, and of anti-sliding mechanics during robot movement, in order to explore feasible ways to improve the robot’s adsorption performance. The relationship between the effective diameter D of the suction cup, the vacuum degree △ P, and the gravity G should be determined by the anti-slipping analysis. In order to ensure the safe and reliable adsorption force and the flexibility of this robot when moving on a wall, the aforementioned analyses were conducted to improve the motion performance of wall-climbing robots, which provides a good theoretical basis for design optimization and motion control of cleaning robots. The curtain wall cleaning robot has stable walking ability and can clean the wall surface effectively; therefore, it has a certain practical value.     

基于DSP技术的爬壁机器人吸附控制系统设计

壁面吸附是爬壁机器人的基本功能之一,其吸附程度直接影响爬壁机器人的稳定性和移动速度;为此,设计了基于DSP技术的爬壁机器人吸附控制系统;选择爬壁机器人传感器装置,加设DSP数字信号处理器,设计爬壁机器人吸附控制器;在硬件结构的支持下,根据爬壁机器人的组成结构和工作原理,构建相应的数学模型;在该模型下,利用DSP技术计算爬壁机器人吸附力;通过爬壁机器人在壁面环境下的受力分析结果,确定爬壁机器人安全吸附条件;以吸附控制器作为执行机构,实现爬壁机器人的吸附控制;选择负压爬壁机器人作为测试样机,通过系统测试表明,在瓷砖、木板、玻璃三种壁面环境下,与两个对比系统相比,应用此次设计系统得出爬壁机器人吸附力的控制误差降低了2.04 N,倾覆风险系数降低了0.29,具有较好的吸附控制效果。     

玻璃污迹的小波识别方法研究

本文提出玻璃污迹的直方图小波包检测方法 .该方法能以不同的分辨率快速、准确地进行图像污迹程度的检测 .小波包的高低频特征及求取直方图凸包面积残差法 ,既能大大降低了图像处理的计算工作量 ,又能够消除噪声及异样污迹 (杂物 )的干扰 .文章借助污浊因子提出了一个判别洁净度的量化概念 ,并在实验中得到验证 .针对擦洗作业实际 ,文章提出背景图像人工和自动初始化的方法 ,最后给出并讨论了一个实验的结果     

改进Center-Net网络的自主喷涂机器人室内窗户检测

室内自主喷涂机器人可以实现室内墙面喷涂的自动化以此提升喷涂的效率,减少人力物力的投入。而基于计算机视觉的室内窗户检测算法则是该机器人的关键技术。对于室内窗户检测,由于环境光照、窗户形状和窗户透光属性的存在,传统方法无法得到较好的效果。针对此问题,设计一种基于深度学习的室内窗户检测算法。该算法主要对中心点网络(CenterNet)的特征提取网络进行修改,减少部分卷积操作,使用Ghost模块替换原始的卷积模块,降低特征冗余,并引入注意力机制,让网络尽可能表达重要信息。实验结果表明,改进的CenterNet在不损失网络精度的前提下,大幅度提高了网络的运算速度,使得该检测算法即使在机器人端的嵌入式系统上也可以达到实时检测的效果。     

移动机器人实时目标跟踪系统设计与实现

针对单目视觉移动机器人目标跟踪的实时性和鲁棒性要求,提出了基于Kalman滤波器的改进Camshift算法检测和定位目标.将Kalman预测值作为目标初始位置,补偿摄像头和目标相对运动导致的目标在图像中的偏移.在系统“跟丢”后判断目标丢失的原因,根据原因自适应拓展搜索窗口作为Cam-shift算法的下一帧初始搜索窗口.为了验证改进算法的有效性,自主研制了一种应用该算法的履带式机器人实时目标跟踪系统.实验结果表明:该系统具有很好的鲁棒性和实时性.     

垂直壁面行走机器人系统研制

本文对能在高层全封闭玻璃结构外墙上行走的垂直壁面行走机器人系统的总体组成，基本功能，实施方案和技术指标等作一介绍，并对系统中的关键技术进行了分析。     

基于Netvlad神经网络的变磁力吸附爬壁机器人控制系统设计

变磁力吸附爬壁机器人是一种具有快速、灵活移动方式的爬行机器人,但其吸附力难以控制,越障稳定性较差,难以保证机器人的平稳爬行;为实现爬壁机器人在大型建筑结构外表面的自主避障,提升机器人与运动平面之间的吸附紧密性,设计基于Netvlad神经网络的变磁力吸附爬壁机器人控制系统;按照PCB控制要求,连接外置SRAM设备与传感器模块,借助驱动I/O口电路提供的电力驱动作用,控制气动阀门的闭合情况,完成变磁力吸附爬壁机器人控制系统硬件结构设计;建立Netvlad神经网络体系,通过划分控制指令程序任务的方式,确定移植参数取值范围,实现对控制协议的移植处理,联合相关硬件应用结构,完成基于Netvlad神经网络的变磁力吸附爬壁机器人控制系统设计;实验结果表明,在所设计系统作用下,障碍物所在位置与爬壁机器人所在位置之间的实测距离未大于30cm,能够有效实现自主避障,保证机器人与运动平面之间的紧密吸附。     

一种新型玻窗清洁机器人的设计与实现

为了实现对玻璃窗户全方位自动、高效地清洁,设计了一种新型玻窗清洁机器人.介绍了机器人的总体设计思路,重点阐述了机器人的结构设计、驱动模块以及控制算法.测试表明,该玻窗清洁机器人操作简单、控制灵活、实用性强,且具有较高的可靠性和准确性,可实现竖直方向全方位自由移动,清洁效果良好.     

多节履带式机器人系统组成和越障性能研究

针对核工业管道内壁检测中环境信息的实时获取需求,研制了结构紧凑的三节履带式越障机器人系统.该系统由控制端和机器人本体组成,以dsPIC芯片群为核心,实现了稳定的无线操控、电机间的协调动作和视频信息的实时采集,并设计了友好的用户操作界面.根据系统的机构特征,探讨了越障过程中姿态调整的稳定性和越障规划等问题.台阶攀爬、沟壑跨越和野外工作等实验结果表明,该机器人系统具备良好的越障性能.     

移动机器人自适应视觉伺服镇定控制

对有单目视觉的移动机器人系统,提出了一种自适应视觉伺服镇定控制算法;在缺乏深度信息传感器并且摄像机外参数未知的情况下,该算法利用视觉反馈实现了移动机器人位置和姿态的渐近稳定.由于机器人坐标系与摄像机坐标系之间的平移外参数(手眼参数)是未知的,本文利用静态特征点的位姿变化特性,建立移动机器人在摄像机坐标系下的运动学模型.然后,利用单应矩阵分解的方法得到了可测的角度误差信号,并结合2维图像误差信号,通过一组坐标变换,得到了系统的开环误差方程.在此基础之上,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论设计了一种自适应镇定控制算法.理论分析、仿真与实验结果均证明了本文所设计的单目视觉控制器在摄像机外参数未知的情况下,可以使移动机器人渐近稳定到期望的位姿.     

Motion planning for mobile robots using a laser range finder

We have designed a mobile robot with a distribution structure for intelligent life space. The mobile robot was constructed using an aluminum frame. The mobile robot has the shape of a cylinder, and its diameter, height, and weight are 40 cm, 80 cm, and 40 kg, respectively. There are six systems in the mobile robot, including structure, an obstacle avoidance and driving system, a software development system, a detection module system, a remote supervision system, and others. In the obstacle avoidance and driving system, we use an NI motion control card to drive two DC servomotors in the mobile robot, and detect obstacles using a laser range finder and a laser positioning system. Finally, we control the mobile robot using an NI motion control card and a MAXON driver according to the programmed trajectory. The mobile robot can avoid obstacles using the laser range finder, and follow the programmed trajectory. We developed the user interface with four functions for the mobile robot. In the security system, we designed module-based security devices to detect dangerous events and transmit the detection results to the mobile robot using a wireless RF interface. The mobile robot can move to the event position using the laser positioning system.     

Receding horizon tracking control of unicycle‐type robots based on virtual structure

This paper considers the receding horizon tracking control of the unicycle‐type robot subject to coupled input constraint based on virtual structure. The tracking position of the follower is considered to be a virtual structure point with respect to a Frenet–Serret frame fixed on the leader, and the desired control input of the follower not only depend on the input of the leader but also the separation vector. Firstly, a sufficient input condition for the leader robot is given to enable the follower to track its desired position while satisfying its inputs constraint. Secondly, receding horizon control scheme is designed for the follower robot, in which the recursive feasibility is guaranteed by developing a diamond‐shaped positively invariant terminal‐state region and its corresponding controller. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the scheme proposed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Image‐guided robotic navigation system for neurosurgery

This paper presents an image‐guided robotic navigation system for neurosurgery, which can be applied to the electro‐stimulation treatment of Parkinson's leisure, the biopsy of deep tumors, and haematoma evacuation. The system integrates a computer containing CT images for surgical planning, a magnetic tracking device for measuring the coordinates of the markers and surgical instruments, and a robot manipulator for guiding surgical instruments to the preplanned position and orientation. The computer display of brain anatomy offers a convenient tool for surgeons to diagnose brain diseases and to plan safe surgical paths, while the tracking device guides the robot manipulator to automatically move surgical instruments to the preplanned position and orientation. An experiment of using a skull model for simulating a robotic biopsy of brain tumor has been done to verify the performance of the robotic navigation system. The results show that the positioning accuracy of the robot relative to the tracker frame is only related to the positioning resolution of the robot manipulator and the positioning accuracy of the tracking device. In other words, the positioning accuracy of the robot manipulator does not affect the final positioning accuracy of the surgical instruments. Therefore, using a robot manipulator for precise surgical navigation is feasible and reliable. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A vision guided robotic system for flexible gluing process in the footwear industry

This paper presents a novel gluing machine comprising a Cartesian robot and a vision system. The vision system enables the location and reconstruction of the shape of objects to be glued; the detected information is then used to plan the trajectory of the robot whose end-effector is a glue gun and to move the robot with an error suitable to industrial gluing operations.A calibration procedure that enables transforming coordinates between the robot frame and the vision system frame is described. The calibration considers several mechanical inaccuracies and its effectiveness was evaluated using error maps.In particular, the paper examines objects to be glued along their edges, as frequently occurs for fabrics, leathers, and shoe soles. For this, two procedures to plan the trajectories of the robot are proposed: the first is for objects that can be treated as flat 2D objects, that is, their height variation is negligible; the second procedure is for 3D objects, that is, those with significant height variation.Several applicative examples are reported to highlight the flexibility of the gluing process.     

LTPS circuit integration for system‐on‐glass LCDs

Abstract— A 3.5‐in. QVGA‐formatted driving‐circuit fully integrated LCD has been developed using low‐temperature poly‐Si (LTPS) technology. This display module, in which no external ICs are required, integrates all the driving circuits for a six‐bit RGB digital interface with an LTPS device called a “FASt LDD TFT” and achieves a high‐quality image, narrow frame width, and low power consumption. The LTPS process, device, and circuit technologies developed for system‐on‐glass LCD discussed. The development phase of LTPS circuit integration for system‐on‐glass LCDs is also reviewed.     

高层建筑自动擦窗机控制系统的研制

本文介绍了一种新的玻璃幕墙清洗机即自动擦窗机系统,文章以PMAC运动控制器的应用为背 景,对高层建筑自动擦窗机的控制系统原理、体系结构以及软件设计进行了详细论述．在文 章最后着重讨论了机器人视觉在自动擦窗机中的应用．     

A 510‐kb SOG‐DRAM for mobile displays with embedded frame memories

Abstract— A system‐on‐glass (SOG) dynamic random access memory (DRAM), which enables the implementation of frame‐memory‐integrated displays, has been developed. A dynamic one‐transistor‐one‐capacitor memory cell, which has a data retention time of over 16.6 msec, and a compression/decompression (CODEC) circuit were developed to reduce the layout area and power. The CODEC enables an 18‐bit/pixel color display, while reducing the memory capacity from 18 to 12 bits/pixel. A frame‐memory macro was created by combining the SOG‐DRAM with an embedded controller that enables independent access for writing and reading. Its operation was verified by chip measurement and demonstration as a frame‐memory operation of 262k‐color QCIF+ displays. The work reported in this paper was the first step to creating a Zero‐Chip Display with an integrated frame memory, and it proved the concept was feasible.     

Development of Wall Climbing Robot System by Using Impeller Type Adhesion Mechanism

In this paper, we present a wall climbing robot system, called “LARVA”, developed for visual inspection of structures with flat surfaces. The robot has two differential driving wheels with a suspension and an adhesion mechanism. The adhesion mechanism is composed of an impeller and two–layered suction seals. It is designed to provide sufficient adhesion force and be controlled so that the robot can move freely on various wall surfaces. The static and aerodynamic modeling of the adhesion mechanism is given and the analysis of the adhesion mechanism, air leakage, and inner flow are carried out to be useful for the design as well as the control. Finally, the performances of the robot are experimentally verified on several kinds of walls and its feasibility is validated.     

Calibration of a hand/eye matrix and a connection matrix usingrelative pose measurements

The problem investigated in this paper is an extension of the robotic hand/eye calibration problem. The system consists of a robot, a gimbal, and a three-dimensional (3D) sensor. It is assumed that the sensor, the gimbal, and the robot are calibrated in advance; therefore, their inaccuracy is negligible. The task is to determine the hand/eye matrix that relates the sensor coordinate frame to the first gimbal coordinate frame and the connection matrix that relates the last gimbal coordinate frame to the robot tool frame. The paper focuses on a special case of this problem. The robot is an x-y-z type and the gimbal has two rotary joints. Linear and iterative methods are presented, along with the discussion on issues such as solution uniqueness and parameter observability. Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the method