三苯甲烷类染料降解菌的诱变选育

从印染废水污泥中分离筛选出对三苯甲烷类染料甲基紫具有降解活性的细菌Ls，经紫外线诱变，获得高活性变异菌株UV2Ls，并对其进行降解性能测定．根据对UV2Ls在不同的pH值、脱色温度及时间等条件下降解甲基紫数据测定的基础上，设计正交实验，获得其降解模拟废水的最佳反应条件．研究表明，诱变菌株UV2Ls在30℃及pH值为8．0的条件下，72h对浓度为50mg／L的甲基紫模拟废水的脱色率达78％以上，比出发菌株Ls提高44％．脱色后模拟废水的CODcr值为110mg／L，去除率为75％．     

原生质体融合技术选育高效菌株降解聚乙烯醇

从自然界中分离聚乙烯醇(PVA)的降解细菌，经紫外线诱变，得到两株具有单重抗药性的突变菌株S7(Str^s，Kan^r)和K15(Str^r，Kan^s)，两者对PVA的去除率分别达到52％和58％．将S7和K15作为亲本菌株进行原生质体融合，并对融合条件进行优化，融合子F4菌株对PVA去除率达到79．9％，将其培养成活性污泥后，PVA去除率可达87％，是普通活性污泥的三四倍．     

高清除自由基能力保加利亚乳杆菌ZS-2的诱变选育

分别对保加利亚乳杆菌ZS-2（LZS-2）进行紫外线诱变、硫酸二乙酯诱变及复合诱变，测定了突变株无细胞提取物清除DPPH自由基的能力。从诱变后的菌株中筛选出了3株对DPPH自由基清除率较高的乳酸菌UV2—6，UV5—4和D30—UV3—1。结果表明，保加利亚乳杆菌ZS-2分别经过紫外线诱变、DES、复合诱变后，选育出的突变菌株无细胞提取物对DPPH自由基清除率为56．43％，55．77％和55．60％，比出发菌株的清除率都提高了9％以上。     

—株耐高温α-淀粉酶产生菌的诱变选育

以一株耐高温α-淀粉酶产生菌DG-4为出发菌株，通过紫外线（UV）诱变，得到菌株DG-4—4，酶活提高了20．4％；通过硫酸二乙酯（DES）诱变，得到菌株DG-4—46，酶活在UV诱变基础上提高了61．9％，比初始出发菌株DG-4提高了95．0％。     

油脂降解菌的选育与鉴定

从学校餐厅下水道口、油脂加工厂及屠宰场的含油废水及土壤中采集6个土样,根据油脂平板上是否有水解圈及水解圈的大小得到9株菌,复筛结果显示C-3-2菌株的降解率最大。通过对该酵母菌进行形态学观察及生理生化特征的测试,初步鉴定为假丝酵母属(Candidaspp)。在此基础上进行了离子束诱变,以筛选出的Candidaspp为出发菌株,经离子束辐照后得到一株高降解率的菌株。结果表明:离子束诱变后,其降解率提高了11.09%。     

紫外诱变选育高效降解甲醛菌株及其降解特性

以甲醛降解菌--拟青霉菌（Paecilomyces variotii）CSLG1为出发菌株,对其进行紫外诱变,并考察突变株对甲醛的降解特性。选用功率15 W的紫外灯、照射距离30 cm、照射时间30 s、致死率为88%的诱变强度对出发菌株进行紫外诱变;通过初筛、复筛选育出一株甲醛抗性及其降解能力明显提高的诱变菌株F1-23。结果表明：F1-23临界甲醛抗性质量浓度为7.88 g/L,比诱变前提高22.2%;甲醛脱氢酶酶活力为83.6 U/mg,提高了23.8%。连续传代5 代,诱变菌株F1-23的甲醛抗性和降解力基本不变,证实其具有良好的遗传稳定性。诱变菌株F1-23对甲醛的抗性及降解能力均较出发菌株高。     

黄原酸盐高效降解菌的紫外诱变选育

黄原酸盐降解菌1#经紫外线诱变选育后,筛选出突变菌株2#,对未诱变菌株1#和诱变菌株2#进行了生物生长和降解性能实验,结果表明:紫外诱变的最佳时间是50秒,在pH为10,温度为30℃,振荡速率120r/min的培养条件下,3d内变异优势菌株2#对含黄药废水的CODcr和黄药的去除率比未诱变菌株1#分别提高38%和48%,变异菌株生长速度快。     

复合诱变选育新霉素高产菌株的研究

为了获得优良的新霉素高产菌株,以弗氏链霉菌（Streptomyces fradiae）AS4．576为出发菌株,经4次紫外线诱变,紫外线-LiCl处理,随机挑选平板菌落214株,初筛得到13株抑菌圈较出发菌株〉90％的菌株,经复筛获得1株效价提高178倍的菌株UV40s-9（2）,再经微波复合诱变,以链霉素作为筛选因子得到菌株WB40s-6,其效价较UV40s-9（2）菌株提高了15．2％。     

聚乙烯醇降解菌的筛选与降解条件优化

为了实现纺织工业废水中PVA1799的生物降解,从纺织印染厂区筛选到一个能快速降解培养基中PVA1799的混合菌系,命名为SH-TD。从中分离出3株纯培养菌株,分别命名鉴定为SH1(Aeromonas sp.),TD5(Pseudomonas sp.),TD33(Acinetobacter sp.)。通过对含PVA1799出发培养基进行单因素及Placckett-Burman实验筛选出三个对PVA1799降解有显著影响的因素分别为Yeast-Extract、(NH4)2HPO4、Ca Cl2·2H2O。然后进行最陡爬坡实验逼近最佳响应面区域,最后通过Box-Behnken设计,利用Design-Expert软件进行回归分析,得到各因素的最佳质量浓度组成为(g/L):Yeast-Extract 0.04、(NH4)2HPO448.42、Ba Cl20.06。在最优条件下,24 h PVA降解率从原先的30%提高到80%。     

提高蜡状芽孢杆菌(B.cereus)降解畜禽血红蛋白能力研究

本文选用蜡状芽孢杆菌(B.cereus)作为出发菌株,对其进行连续驯化诱导和定向诱变处理,以提高畜禽血红蛋白的降解能力.结果表明:蜡状芽孢杆菌连续驯化诱导后,其产蛋白酶活力、可溶性蛋白质、游离氨基酸含量及Hb降解率分别从出发菌株的483.81 U/ml、2.69%、1.44mg/100ml、40.25%提高到631.22U/ml、3.04%、19.6mg/100ml、50.84%.采用HNO2(0.001%,120s)和UV(15W,25cm,60s)进行连续定向诱变处理五次,所获得的第五代诱变菌株,在Hb发酵培养液中,其产蛋白酶活力、可溶性蛋白质、游离氨基酸含量及Hb降解率分别为1233.15mg/100ml、3.52%、24.lmg/100ml、51.83%,与出发菌株相比,降解畜禽血红蛋白的各项指标都有较明显的提高.     

含聚乙烯醇废水处理技术的研究进展

聚乙烯醇(PVA)是一种水溶性高分子聚合物,具有良好的稳定性、粘附性和机械性能,广泛应用于纺织、化工等行业,随着人们对其性能及降解技术的研究,以PVA为基础的高分子共聚物及混合物的应用范围也得到了极大的拓展.但PVA属于典型的难降解有机物,其废水COD值高,可生化性差;排入水体后会在环境中积累,影响水体复氧行为,引发严重的水环境污染问题.综述了PVA的用途和含PVA废水的危害性,阐述了PVA废水现有的一些物化和生化处理技术,分析了各种处理技术的优缺点和适用条件.其中物化预处理+生化法组合工艺是PVA废水处理技术中具有发展前景的处理工艺.     

Two bacterial mixed culture systems suitable for degrading terephthalate in wastewater

Two different mixed cultures, which degrade terephthalate at 50 degrees C and pH 8, were isolated from a wastewater treatment plant. These were useful for the treatment of wastewater containing a high concentration of terephthalic acid (TPA). Each mixed culture included a TPA-degrading bacterium, strain K1 or Pseudomonas sp. C4S, and another bacterium unable to degrade TPA, the as-yet unclassified strain K3 or Bacillus sp. C4B. In axenic culture, K1 and C4S showed poor growth even in a medium supplemented with yeast extract and tryptone. On the other hand, when co-cultured with the co-isolate from the mixed culture which is unable to degrade TPA, the growth was enhanced. Moreover, several bacterial strains in our stock culture collection showed the ability to improve the growth of both TPA-degrading bacteria. A mixed culture of strains K1 and K3 exhibited rapid growth and TPA degradation in a chemically defined medium, suggesting that the mixed culture system would be applicable to the treatment of wastewater containing TPA.     

聚乙烯醇降解酶在纯PVA上浆棉织物退浆中的应用

针对目前纺织用聚乙烯醇浆料存在生物降解性差的问题,采用聚乙烯醇降解酶对PVA上浆的棉织物进行退浆,它可以高效分解织物上的PVA浆料,显著降低退浆废水的处理成本。从酶活方面对PVA降解酶粗酶液的酶学性质进行研究,并将该酶用于纯PVA上浆的棉织物退浆过程中。实验结果表明,PVA降解酶的适宜反应条件为pH值7-8,温度30℃,反应时间3 h,且可对PVA进行降解。当采用PVA降解酶退浆时,浆液中PVA含量与棉布上残留PVA量之和小于100%,而采用缓冲溶液和热水退浆,PVA总量变化不大。     

Bioaugmenting bioreactors for the continuous removal of 3-chloroaniline by a slow release approach

The survival and activity of microbial degradative inoculants in bioreactors is critical to obtain successful biodegradation of non- or slowly degradable pollutants. Achieving this in industrial wastewater reactors is technically challenging. We evaluated a strategy to obtain complete and stable bioaugmentation of activated sludge, which is used to treat a 3-chloroaniline (3-CA) contaminated wastewater in a lab-scale semi-continuous activated sludge system. A 3-CA metabolizing bacterium, Comamonas testosteroni strain I2, was mixed with molten agar and encapsulated in 4 mm diameter open-ended silicone tubes of 3 cm long. The tubes containing the immobilized bacteria represented about 1% of the volume of the mixed liquor. The bioaugmentation activity of a reactor containing the immobilized cells was compared with a reactor with suspended I2gfp cells. From day 25-30 after inoculation, the reactor with only suspended cells failed to completely degrade 3-CA because of a decrease in metabolic activity. In the reactors with immobilized cells, however, 3-CA continued to be removed. A mass balance indicated that ca. 10% of the degradation activity was due to the immobilized cells. Slow release of the growing embedded cells from the agar into the activated sludge medium, resulting in a higher number of active 3-CA-degrading I2 cells, was responsible for ca. 90% of the degradation. Our results demonstrate that this simple immobilization procedure was effective to maintain a 3-CA-degrading population within the activated sludge community.     

嵌入机织物的碳纳米管纱线应变传感性能

为研究以碳纳米管（CNT）为传感元件的智能织物的传感性能,采用嵌入方式将碳纳米管纱线与机织物结合,测试碳纳米管纱线的电阻变化率与机织物的应变关系。结果表明：实验所用的CNT 纱线的传感系数为1.02,采用5%的聚乙烯醇（PVA）溶液对其进行复合后的CNT/PVA纱线其传感系数提高到了1.43;将CNT 纱线与CNT/PVA 纱线分别沿经向和纬向嵌入平纹织物,均沿经向施加3%的应变,CNT/PVA 纱线传感系数经向为0.67,纬向为0.27,CNT 纱线传感系数经向为0.33,纬向为0.1１。改变CNT/PVA 纱线嵌入平纹的经浮长,浮长越长时织物的传感系数越高,连续6 个经浮长对应的传感系数最高为0.81;改变CNT/PVA 纱线经向嵌入平纹的长度,在一定范围内,嵌入的纱线长度越长织物的传感系数越高,将3cm 的CNT/PVA 纱线经向嵌入平纹织物经向拉伸7%时对应的传感系数约为1.07。     

含PVA退浆废水的处理技术

从物化法(包括膜分离技术和高级氧化技术)和生化法(包括高效降解菌法和厌氧好氧生化法)角度概述了含PVA退浆废水处理技术的研究现状和最新进展;介绍了各种方法处理PVA退浆废水的实例,并指出了他们的优缺点;最后展望了退浆废水处理技术的发展方向.     

大曲中氯氟氰菊酯降解菌的分离筛选及特性研究

从大曲中筛选降解氯氟氰菊酯的安全菌株,通过测定各菌株对不同低质量浓度氯氟氰菊酯的降解情况选取最佳降解菌,采用分子生物学技术对其进行鉴定,同时对其生长与氯氟氰菊酯降解动态的相关性进行分析,并采用模拟混合农残体系验证其农残降解能力。结果表明,从大曲中共筛选得到2株氯氟氰菊酯耐受性较好的菌株,编号为L1和L5,经鉴定分别为驹形白色杆菌（Leucobacter komagatae）、玫瑰红红球菌（Rhodococcus rhodochrous）,其中菌株L5对氯氟氰菊酯降解效果较好,且对质量浓度为5 mg/L的氯氟氰菊酯降解率最高,达71.44%,其降解效果与其生长密度有关,并且可以有效降解模拟混合农残,是一株具有良好开发前景的农药降解菌。     

海洋源纤溶酶高产菌株的诱变育种及液体培养基优化

为获得纤溶酶高产菌株及其最优发酵条件,以海洋环境来源的枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）H-A-03为出发菌株,经过60Co辐射诱变获得了一株遗传稳定性好的纤溶酶高产菌株F8-C,其酶活力较出发菌株提高28.78%。采用统计学优化方法获得了组分更简单、用量更少、更利于菌株产酶的培养基：可溶性淀粉41.6 g/L、黄豆粕粉26.2 g/L、CaCl2 1.0 g/L,KH2PO4 2.0 g/L。在此基础上,3 L摇瓶放大试验结果显示,菌株F8-C的产酶量达到（3 231±21） U/mL,较出发菌株H-A-3提高44.8%。结果表明利用60Co辐射诱变育种,并采用统计学方法优化培养基,对于提高枯草芽孢杆菌纤溶酶的产酶量是一种有效策略。该研究结果也将为下一步发酵罐扩大试验奠定基础。     

退浆废水中自由基引发的聚乙烯醇交联沉淀研究

针对纺织印染工业退浆废水中含聚合度高且化学稳定性强的聚乙烯醇(PVA),是纺织工业水污染治理难点的现状,利用过硫酸盐能够引发自由基交联且氧化性强的优势,结合退浆废水高温排放的特点,使用热活化过硫酸盐体系通过自由基交联快速将PVA从废水中沉淀分离。考察了过硫酸盐投加量、反应时间、反应温度及p H值对PVA去除的影响。并利用电子顺磁共振谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱等对交联沉淀物进行表征分析。结果表明:在过硫酸盐投加量为10 g/L、废水温度为70℃时,处理30 min后PVA即可有效交联沉淀,化学需氧量(COD)和PVA去除率分别可达95.1%和95.6%;过硫酸钾热活化主要产生硫酸根自由基和羟基自由基,PVA被自由基夺氢产生碳自由基,碳自由基相互结合可高效交联PVA并快速沉淀。     

Isolation and characterization of a lipid-degrading bacterium and its application to lipid-containing wastewater treatment

To construct an efficient lipid-containing wastewater treatment system, microorganisms that degrade lipids efficiently were isolated from various environmental sources. Strain DW2-1 showed the highest rate of degradation of 1% (w/v) salad oil among the isolated strains. Strain DW2-1 was identified as Burkholderia sp. and designated Burkholderia sp. DW2-1. The rate of degradation of salad oil, olive oil, sesame oil, and beef tallow by strain DW2-1 were 96.7%, 92.3%, 90.1% and 77.4%, respectively, during a 48-h cultivation. Strain DW2-1 grew well in a synthetic wastewater medium (>1 x 10(10) colony forming unit [CFU]/ml) between 20 degrees C and 38 degrees C, and its rate of degradation of salad oil was above 90% after a 48-h cultivation. The lipase and biosurfactant (BSF) activities of strain DW2-1 after a 48-h cultivation were 1720 U/l and 480 U/ml, respectively. In continuous cultures for lipid-containing wastewater treatment, DW2-1 was stably maintained and degraded more than 90% of salad oil during a 7-d cultivation.