Investigation into the question of complex processing of bauxites of the srednetimanskoe deposit

A new technology of processing raw materials with the use of active alkali is suggested for bauxites of the Srednetimanskoe deposit; bauxite is opened at 300°C for 1 h. This technology makes it possible to increase the recovery of alumina to 94–98% and obtain red slimes and zeolite enriched with iron (58%) and titanium (4.8%); the environmental problem of storing red slimes is resolved. The blast-furnace smelting of such slimes makes it possible to obtain naturally doped cast iron and slag enriched with titanium and rare earth metals. When purifying (desiliconizing) the aluminate solution, a valuable product—sodium aluminum silicate hydrate of the zeolite type—is incidentally obtained.     

碱金属在高炉内的反应及分配

为了解新配矿条件下碱金属对高炉炉料性能的影响,研究了碱金属在高炉内的反应及分配.结果表明:在高温区,碱金属硅酸盐大量分解形成碱金属蒸气随煤气上升;在中温区炉料吸附的碱金属含量为2.8%左右;在低温区约为0.3%.炉料吸附碱金属的含量随其粒度的增大而减小,炉料平均粒度从11 mm增大到17 mm时,碱金属含量从1.3%下降到0.3%.碱金属化合物对焦炭的溶损和铁矿石的还原有催化作用:当K2O含量超过1.5%时,焦炭的反应性(CRI)提高23%左右,焦炭反应后的强度(CSR)约降低40%;K2O含量增加到2.56%时,烧结矿的低温还原粉化率(RDI)约提高30%;K2O含量增加1.5%时,球团矿的RDI提高15%左右.     

分子识别技术在铜工业应用中的最新进展

分子识别技术(MRT)——一种高选择性分离技术的使用,对于铜的电解精炼和电积系统中的多种阳离子和阴离子,证明是一种成本低、效益高、环保好的处理技术。这些离子包括重金属、过渡金属、贵金属、卤化物、碱金属/碱土金属离子。本文总结了分子识别技术(MRT)在各种令人感兴趣的领域中的应用:从铜阳极泥中回收和精炼铂族金属,从矿山酸性排水中回收铜;从铜电解精炼和电积过程中提取Bi、Sb和Cl。     

高镍铜阳极泥和高铅铜阳极泥特征对比研究

高镍和高铅阳极泥是两种常见的铜阳极泥。本文研究了两种阳极泥的化学成分、物相组成、结构特征,比较了其异同点,为贵金属、稀有金属的提取工艺提供理论依据。采用XRD,SEM和显微镜的方法对两种阳极泥分别进行了工艺矿物学研究,并对其结果进行了对比研究,研究表明:两种阳极泥的粒度分布相近,<38μm的阳极泥都占80%左右;化学成分方面,高镍铜阳极泥比高铅铜阳极泥含铜、镍高,金、银少。此外,高铅铜阳极泥中常含有As、Sb、Bi,是铜阳极泥处理的难点;物相组成和结构特征方面,高铅铜阳极泥较高镍铜阳极泥更为复杂。     

碱性多羟基化合物体系在有色冶金中的应用研究进展

碱性多羟基有机化合物溶液体系具有环境污染小、对重金属元素溶解能力大、生产条件稳定等特点,在有色冶金工业中有广泛用途。从锑的湿法冶炼、冶金中间物料处置、废铅酸蓄电池湿法回收等方面总结了碱性多羟基有机化合物体系在有色冶金工业中的应用状况,并展望了其应用前景。     

Study of the phase composition of metallurgical slimes by Mössbauer spectroscopy

The phase composition of blast-furnace and electric-furnace slimes is studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The iron distribution over iron-containing phases in the slimes is studied. As a result of analyzing the Mössbauer and X-ray diffraction spectra of the slimes, it is found that a number of elements present in the slimes form solid solutions with iron oxide phases. A combination of Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction is shown to give the most full and precise data on the character of the iron-containing phases existing in metallurgical slimes.     

碱金属改性对ZSM-5结构和吸附甲苯特性的影响及机理

ZSM-5是一种常用来吸附甲苯的微孔吸附剂,选择三种碱金属Li、Na和K对ZSM-5进行改性,结合表征手段和数学模型的方式研究引入ZSM-5中的碱金属对微孔结构和吸附甲苯的影响。在此实验中,分别从吸附容量、放热能量、扩散阻力和脱附活化能四方面深入探讨碱金属对吸附甲苯的影响规律。基于实验结果得知:碱金属的引入改变了ZSM-5分子筛的微孔结构并呈现出一定的规律。随着离子半径(Li+ Na?ZSM-5 > K?ZSM-5。静态饱和吸附量呈Li?ZSM-5（0.363 mmol·g?1）>Na?ZSM-5（0.360 mmol·g?1）>K?ZSM-5（0.325 mmol·g?1）排序。恒定浓度波模型很好的描述甲苯在ZSM-5上的吸附扩散行为,空间位阻和静电束缚力分别在高低进气浓度条件下对甲苯在ZSM-5孔道中的扩散占据主导作用,较高进气质量浓度(155 mg·m?3)条件下,碱金属改性对扩散阻力影响规律为Li?ZSM-5Na?ZSM-5>K?ZSM-5。结合脱附动力学分析,Na?ZSM-5因具有较大的孔径和适中的吸附强度,表现出更好的再生潜能。本研究从空间位阻和吸附强度两方面系统阐述了碱金属改性对甲苯吸附行为的影响机理,为在复杂的实际环境应用中选择合适的吸附剂提供了一定的参考意义。      

包钢6号高炉中钾、钠的平衡与控制

针对包钢高炉碱金属循环富集严重、影响高炉顺行和生铁质量这一现状,通过测定包钢炼铁厂6号高炉入炉原燃料及产出项的碱金属含量,并结合取样期间高炉实际生产数据,对6号高炉做了碱金属的分布计算。研究表明,包钢6号高炉中的碱负荷为4.888 kg/t,其中有69.29%的碱金属由烧结矿带入;支出项中,炉渣带走的碱金属量最多,占到总支出量的83.41%。为降低碱金属对高炉生产造成的危害,结合包钢6号高炉实际情况,给出了降低碱金属危害的措施。     

Preparation of Iron Ore Micro-pellets and Their Effect on Sinter Bed Permeability

At present around 6–7% of iron ore slimes, out of total production, are being generated and accumulated at iron ore mine sites of National Mineral Development Corporation Limited, India. The accumulated slimes of finer size and relatively inferior grade should be utilized in an economical way for sustainable mining. These slimes can be agglomerated into micro-pellets for subsequent use in sinter making through hybrid pellet sintering method. However, the micro-pellets of sufficient size and strength are required for hybrid sinter making. The green properties of the micro-pellets depend upon various parameters such as surface area, moisture, binder, etc. In this study, iron ore slimes were beneficiated through gravity, and magnetic separation and concentrate of grade 65% Fe (Total) was obtained. Since the concentrate obtained had low surface area (700–900 cm²/grams) rendering it unsuitable for micro-pellet making, it was further subjected to grinding in a ball mill. The requirement of surface area for producing an optimum quality of green micro-pellets was established. The resultant micro-pellets were further used in studying sinter bed properties. The effect of moisture and size of micro-pellets on permeability of sinter bed were examined. The results confirmed that the addition of micro-pellets to the sinter mix improved the permeability of the sinter bed. The sinter bed with highest permeability of JPU 25.25 and void fraction of 36.27% was achieved with micro-pellets of size 3–6 mm at 7% moisture level. Mean granule size of sinter mix was also studied with respect to moisture content and size of the micro-pellets.     

Processing of copper-electrolyte slimes: Evolution of technology

The slime formed during the electrical refining of copper is a valuable multicomponent product. The methods for processing it are determined by its composition and depend on the form of its precious metals, and that of its selenium and tellurium. We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the main techniques used for processing copper-electrolyte slimes. The prevailing trend in the development of modern slime production is improving hydrometallurgic techniques while eliminating smelting for silver-gold alloys and reducing toxic emissions into the environment.     

高炉内碱金属的富集循环

 目前国丰钢铁公司高炉冶炼状况下降、冶炼条件变差,通过对国丰2、5号高炉碱负荷计算和碱金属循环富集特点的研究,分析了碱金属在高炉冶炼中的循环富集行为和碱金属对炉料性能以及高炉冶炼的影响。国丰2、5号高炉碱负荷为8102 kg/t,碱负荷较高是影响国丰高炉顺行的主要原因,提出了在现有操作条件下高炉内碱金属的潜在危害及有效防治措施。     

碱土金属化合物对焦炭反应性的影响

 在焦炭干馏过程前向焦煤中加入催化剂,通过碳化干馏试验在实验室炼制出含有碱土金属化合物的焦样,并对焦样进行了反应性试验、XRD检测和SEM扫描电镜分析,研究了不同碱土金属化合物及碱土金属化合物的不同添加量对焦炭反应性的影响,得出了碱土金属化合物对焦炭反应性的影响规律并分析了碱土金属化合物的分布规律及赋存状态。     

分铜液净化渣中回收碲

江西铜业集团公司贵溪冶炼厂一车间在处理铜阳极泥提取金银的同时,处理生产废水得到一种富含铋、锑、碲等有价金属的沉淀物——分铜液净化渣,其中有价金属价值在若干万元,随着贵冶铜产能的扩大,分铜液净化渣产出量将相应增大,其潜在价值将更大,本文介绍分铜液净化渣处理工艺流程,并确定最佳工艺条件。     

顶吹炉处理铅阳极泥的工业试验

应用顶吹炉吹炼铅阳极泥提取阳极泥中有价金属,工艺包括混合料制备、一次还原熔炼、还原捕金、二次吹炼、回收砷锑等工序。经过大量工业试验表明,该工艺方法产出的贵铅含银不低于70.0%,银直收率95%~98%、回收率99.0%~99.7%,工艺具有流程短、渣含贵金属金银量低、处理量大、能耗低等优势。     

The role of alkalis and conserving resources in blast-furnace smelting

In ferrous metallurgy, the potential for conserving resources is often determined by the behavior of the impurity elements in metals production. This behavior may be highly complex, and its features may be interpreted differently by different experts. For example, the presence of zinc and alkali metals in the blast-furnace charge is known to result in excessive coke consumption, a reduction in the productivity of the furnace, an increase in the yield of top dust, shortening of the campaign, and in some cases to complete destabilization of the smelting operation. In choosing a technology for blast-furnace smelting, accounting for the entry of alkali metals and zinc into the furnace is one of the most important factors that determines the expediency of controlling the heat “from the top” or “from the bottom” features of the slag formation process, the gasdynamics of the smelting operation, and other characteristics.     

提高铅阳极泥金银直收率新工艺

在铅阳泥火法熔炼阶段会产出大量富含金银的一次灰、一次渣,该阶段指标控制的好坏对金银直收率有很大影响。文章阐述了氧气底吹熔炼新技术在铅阳极泥提金银过程中的应用,有效地降低了金银在一次灰、一次渣中的损失,提高了阳极泥中金银的直收率,同时,新工艺为铅阳极泥处理向大型化发展提供了强有力的技术支持,有很高的推广价值。     

容量法测定阳极泥中金

本文提出了用氢醌容量法测定阳极泥中的金，研究了如何从阳极泥中分离与富集金的方法，本法的精密度与准确度均好，具有流程短，分析速度快，成本低等优点。     

韶钢6号高炉碱金属的危害及其控制

介绍近一年来韶钢6号高炉碱金属元素调查情况,对其炉衬侵蚀机理进行分析,结合实际生产情况提出了防止高炉碱害的措施,以减少碱金属元素危害,确保高炉长期顺行,延长高炉寿命,达到更好的经济技术指标.     

A Mineralogical overview of the behavior of nickel during copper electrorefining

Nickel-bearing copper anodes and anode slimes were studied using a variety of mineralogical and chemical techniques. In anodes containing <;0.3 pct Ni, the nickel occurs only in solid solution in the copper matrix. This nickel dissolves simultaneously with the copper during electrorefining, but a small amount reprecipitates as copper-nickel sulfate or a complex Ni-bearing Cu-Ag-As-Se-S oxidate phase in the anode slimes. In anodes containing >0.3 pct Ni, NiO crystals also form. The presence of the Cu-Ni-Sb oxide, kupferglimmer, in the anode depends on its antimony content. Kupferglimmer is prevalent in nickel-rich anodes with high Sb contents (>200 ppm) but is not found in similar anodes with Sb contents <200 ppm. Various Cu-Ni and Ca-Cu-Ni silicate inclusions are present. Depending on the iron content of the anode, Fe-bearing NiO, NiFe₂O₄, and other Ni-bearing iron oxide phases also may be present. All of the oxidate nickel phases remain largely undissolved during electrorefining and concentrate in the anode slimes.     

湘钢1号高炉碱金属行为

对湘钢1号高炉碱金属行为进行实际调查和理论分析,发现高炉中的碱金属主要是由铁矿石和焦炭带入的,碱金属的排出主要是通过炉渣.碱金属在高炉内的循环富集,给高炉带来一系列不利影响.结合湘钢高炉的实际生产情况,提出防治高炉碱害的措施.