经营管理系统需求分析方法研究

在信息化高度发展的社会中,信息技术已成为推动社会进步的生产要素,并且从根本上对企业的发展起到了催化作用。企业发展的核心除了信息化,经营管理类系统更是在近十几年的发展中,成为企业管理提升的首选目标。基于此,笔者以某公司经营管理系统优化项目为研究对象,根据老系统应用过程产生的问题,通过定量和定性的分析,运用层次分析方法,分类汇总复杂的问题与新需求,形成提升项目的最终确认需求,以针对性地提升原经营管理系统的性能和功能。     

一种基于架构视角的企业数字化治理模型研究

经过多年信息化建设，企业广泛存在系统数量爆炸式增长与重复建设问题，存在IT对多样化业务发展的敏捷响应能力不足的问题，新时期推动公司数字化转型，需要以体系化方法来推动业务与IT的融合。本文基于企业数字化治理模型研究，重点从推动架构管控与项目管控的融合，理顺项目全生命周期流程，实现需求扎口与统筹管理、流程贯通、数据一致等，研究企业如何建立架构治理机制，将架构评审融入信息化生命周期的关键环节。通过研究，为企业推动架构能力建设、推动架构治理与信息化全生命周期的融合提供借鉴。     

坚持核心理念持续改进流程

自2001年起，中国电信集团启动了建立“以市场为导向，以客户为中心，以效益为目标”的企业新型运营模式的本地网业务流程重组项目。经过三年多的努力，前几批BPR项目实施的本地网已在员工观念、企业内部管理水平、业务发展等方面取得了可喜的成果，为中国电信实现世界级电信企业的战略目标奠定了基础。中国电信集团北京研究院BPR项目团队在集团企业发展部的带领下，作为集团内部推动BPR项目具体实施的支撑团队，有幸亲历中国电信发展史上的这次管理变革，感到非常荣幸与自豪。在项目的推动过程中，也学至9了许多企业运营与管理方面的实战经验，感触良多。本刊希望通过这几篇文稿与业内同仁分享业务流程重组工作中的体会与心得。     

从“里约奥运”看借势在广告设计中的运用

文章研究"里约奥运"期间广告设计中借势的运用方式。结合"里约奥运"期间借势广告设计实例,分析了"图形"借势、"文案"借势、"产品"借势、"情感"借势、"话题"借势等5种广告的借势方法。奥运作为世界顶级体育赛事,不仅是体育竞技场,更是品牌广告创意的战场。面对奥运期间广告创意竞争日趋白热化,要想将品牌及其产品推广自然而然的融入到消费者热切关注的奥运赛场时事热点话题上去,就需要运用借势广告设计手法,在降低广告成本的同时,可让品牌及其产品获得比投入更多的市场收益。     

软件验证与确认在MIS开发中的应用

介绍软件验证和软件确认的概念及其相互关系,以一个实际的管理信息系统开发项目为例,描述在软件开发生命周期中验证和确认活动的具体实现,以及如何使验证和确认与项目的整个生命周期相配合、如何与项目实体相关联,证明软件验证和确认是保证软件产品质量的有效手段.     

浅谈对日软件外包项目管理文化

项目管理文化是企业文化在项目管理上的延伸和体现,它扎根于项目成员的潜意识中,体现在项目的每项活动中,是种无形的力量,推动和引导着项目.本文就如何建立既能提高客户满意度又符合中国国情的对日软件外包项目管理文化作一番探讨.     

对安全项目的规划与管理

企业在进行安全项目的规划前,应该结合企业现有的网络、应用系统及人员配置等情况。从整体考虑,从实际的需要入手,技术上不超前,按需布置,分步实施。 1.首先对企业现有资源进行评估和分析以确认企业的安全需求,做到有理有据,杜绝拍脑袋的想法和市场宣传的干扰。 2.在明确企业的需求后,根据安     

面向过程的产品开发项目质量管理

研究ISO9000:2000质量管理体系,分析在企业大量业务过程中以项目形式组织并实施活动时,企业运营过程质量管理和项目质量管理间的关系。根据产品开发项目质量管理的特点,提出在具体项目上落实ISO质量管理的两步剪裁法。采用面向对象方法建立产品开发项目质量管理模型,包括组织模型、业务模型、过程模型和信息模型。该模型通过企业、项目管理办公室和项目3层质量管理协调项目过程和企业运营过程质量管理的关系,实现企业级的产品开发项目质量管理。基于上述模型在J2EE平台上实现了质量管理信息系统。     

大学品牌运作的经典之笔——走进NEU-DOIT的品牌王国

品牌才是硬道理。NEU-DOIT“创造,现代,前沿,IT教育的先导”的品牌内涵、形象及其品牌理念作为非商业企业运作品牌的一个经典案例,值得我们深深思考:品牌意识应该被每个团体所具有;品牌延伸和品牌借势是迅速提升品牌影响力的捷径;知名度高并不意味着品牌形象好;所以在品牌策略中应注重品牌内涵的注入,以在保持高知名度的同时也保持高美誉度与指名率……这种经典之笔应被更多的商业企业和非商业企业所借鉴。     

信息工程监理中进度控制在ERP项目的应用

ERP是建立在信息技术基础上,以系统化的管理思想,为企业决策层提供决策运行手段的管理平台.ERP系统依靠IT技术和手段对企业的人、财、物等资源进行计划、组织、领导和控制,在竞争日益激烈的市场中,可有效提高企业的适应能力和生存能力.但是由于ERP项目具有投资大、周期长、复杂度高、风险不可控等特点,所以在项目实施过程中,很容易引起甲乙双方之间的各种矛盾.由于不能得到及时有效的协调与解决,就容易造成项目的进度失控、预算超支、质量稳定性下降等,最终导致信息化项目无疾而终.     

Prioritizing and Assessing Software Project Success Factors and Project Characteristics using Subjective Data

This paper presents a method for analyzing the impact software project factors have on project success as defined by project success factors that have been prioritized. It is relatively easy to collect measures of project attributes subjectively (i.e., based on expert judgment). Often Likert scales are used for that purpose. It is much harder to identify whether and how a large number of such ranked project factors influence project success, and to prioritize their influence on project success. At the same time, it is desirable to use the knowledge of project personnel effectively. Given a prioritization of project goals, it is shown how some key project characteristics can be related to project success. The method is applied in a case study consisting of 46 projects. For each project, six success factors and 27 project attributes were measured. Successful projects show common characteristics. Using this knowledge can lead to better control and software project management and to an increased likelihood of project success.     

一种新的软件项目风险智能评价方法

为了克服在无先验知识的情况下,人为选择评价指标的盲目性和确定指标权重的主观性,提出一种基于特征评判与最小二乘支持向量机的软件项目风险智能评价方法。该方法对各传统软件风险评价指标进行特征评判,并根据评判因子的大小选取敏感指标作为支持向量机的输入,实现对不同风险状态的自动识别。实证结果表明,该方法具有很强的鲁棒性,能够从大量的软件项目风险评价指标中筛选出有效的敏感特征,准确评价软件项目风险。     

Project evaluation using the SEI method

The SEI Process Evaluation Method can be adapted for individual projects. This paper shows how the projects in a Systems House were assessed, over an extensive period, using a modified form of the method. The use of a spreadsheet to store and process the information is described and recommended; a form of reporting results is presented; the problems encountered are described and the solutions delineated; the advantages of applying the method to projects are evaluated; and practical recommendations are given to those who might wish to adopt the revised method.The paper maintains that the SEI Maturity Level is a concept of little use to projects; however, the answers to the SEI questionnaire can be otherwise evaluated to produce action lists for the removal of project deficiencies, to the great advantage of projects.Dr Mike Gilchrist is a Quality Consultant, specializing in Software Process evaluation. He advises on ISO 9000, assisting companies to produce Quality Systems suitable for registration. He has a particular research interest in the causes of software management errors. A Registered Assessor of Quality Systems (IQA), also accredited on Lloyds Register of Quality Management Assessors, he is a member of the Institute of Quality Assurance, and of the British Computer Society.     

证据理论在软件项目风险分析中的应用

软件项目由于其产品的智力密集性和项目的复杂性,在开发过程中,进行风险分析时不同于一般项目有很多客观的指标可供参考,更多地是借助于专家的意见,从而使得专家意见的综合成为软件项目风险分析中一个急需解决的问题。给出了一个基于证据理论的软件项目风险分析模型,通过引入模糊评语集及该集合上的模糊效用值,使用Dempster规则更好地融合各个专家的意见,从而得出了更加合理的风险概率和风险损失评价值。该方法强调了关键专家意见在决策中的重要性,较好地解决了分析结果过于依赖专家选择的问题,从而减少了风险因素量化的复杂性,为风险控制策略的制定提供了依据。并通过算例加以验证。     

软件项目管理及风险分析

软件项目的有效管理,对项目的成败具有至关重要的作用。软件项目的风险体现在哪些方面,如何回避这些风险,在本文中进行了探讨,最后指出建立合理的管理流程,对软件项目的管理来说,是非常重要的。     

Knowledge-based techniques to increase the flexibility of workflow management

This paper describes how knowledge-based techniques can be used to overcome problems of workflow management in engineering applications. Using explicit process and product models as a basis for a workflow interpreter allows us to alternate planning and execution steps, resulting in an increased flexibility of project coordination and enactment. To gain the full advantages of this flexibility, change processes have to be supported by the system. These require an improved traceability of decisions and have to be based on dependency management and change notification mechanisms. Our methods and techniques are illustrated by two applications: Urban land-use planning and software process modeling.     

Software Project Duration and Effort: An Empirical Study

Software projects frequently finish late and over budget. Much of the research to date has characterized this problem in terms of inadequate project estimation or incomplete requirements determination. In this study, we concentrate instead on understanding the relationship between project duration and project effort. Over time, a dynamic environment contributes to the expansion of project requirements, thus increasing the scope and effort required to complete the project, irrespective of initial requirements and anticipated project size. Further, frequent delays and interruptions in a project contribute to greater effort each time work is resumed. We develop and empirically evaluate a two-stage model to relate project duration and effort. Our results indicate a significant and positive relationship between project duration and effort, controlling for anticipated project size and other project characteristics. Our model also provides an estimate for the rate of environmental change while projects are in progress. We demonstrate the practical implications of our model by showing how it can be used in conjunction with time boxing techniques and new development methodologies to better scope software projects.     

计算机专业课程教学中项目教学法的研究与实践

项目教学法是一种在课程完整知识链的基础上,针对企业对人才的需求将项目引入课堂并组织实施以实现教学目标的新型教学方法。该文结合具体的软件项目设计,研究了项目教学过程中项目的准备、项目的实施以及需要注意的一些问题。     

The optimization of success probability for software projects using genetic algorithms

The software development process is usually affected by many risk factors that may cause the loss of control and failure, thus which need to be identified and mitigated by project managers. Software development companies are currently improving their process by adopting internationally accepted practices, with the aim of avoiding risks and demonstrating the quality of their work.This paper aims to develop a method to identify which risk factors are more influential in determining project outcome. This method must also propose a cost effective investment of project resources to improve the probability of project success.To achieve these aims, we use the probability of success relative to cost to calculate the efficiency of the probable project outcome. The definition of efficiency used in this paper was proposed by researchers in the field of education. We then use this efficiency as the fitness function in an optimization technique based on genetic algorithms. This method maximizes the success probability output of a prediction model relative to cost.The optimization method was tested with several software risk prediction models that have been developed based on the literature and using data from a survey which collected information from in-house and outsourced software development projects in the Chilean software industry. These models predict the probability of success of a project based on the activities undertaken by the project manager and development team. The results show that the proposed method is very useful to identify those activities needing greater allocation of resources, and which of these will have a higher impact on the projects success probability.Therefore using the measure of efficiency has allowed a modular approach to identify those activities in software development on which to focus the project's limited resources to improve its probability of success. The genetic algorithm and the measure of efficiency presented in this paper permit model independence, in both prediction of success and cost evaluation.     

基于云计算的多投影系统项目管理与安全设计

在传统的多投影显示系统中,各类媒体资源文件都散乱地存放在本地,并且占用较大的存储空间,使用本地存储设备难以对所有项目的文件进行管理与存放。针对该问题,提出基于云计算的多投影显示系统在线项目管理解决方案。通过Amazon云计算平台实现多投影项目的在线管理,注册并创建项目与进度信息,利用云平台海量存储空间以及可伸缩计算能力,导出与项目相关的工程文件、图像、视频等资源文件,并打包上传到云端对应的项目中。测试结果表明,该方案能正确建立项目与文件的对应关系,方便用户对项目进行管理与维护,缓解本地存储的压力。