气体分离膜技术在我国石油化工业氢气回收中应用情况的调研与分析

介绍了气体分离膜的基本原理及在炼厂、化工厂尾气中回收氢气的应用．列举了我国石化企业应用的实例，并提出进一步推广应用的建议．     

气体分离膜应用的现状和未来

考虑了气体分离膜应用和气体传递机理的各种技术．现在商业气体分离膜应用的范围包括：富氮、富氧、氢回收、从天然气中除去酸性气体(CO2和H2S)、天然气脱水和有价值的挥发有机物(VOCs)的回收．讨论了每一个应用中可用膜材料的现状和限度，及有潜在力的若干新膜的应用，如乙烯／乙烷分离和燃料电池．     

聚酰亚胺中空纤维膜对油田伴生气中二氧化碳分离性能的研究

采用实验室自制的聚酰亚胺中空纤维膜,系统考察了原料侧放空气流量、原料气压力、温度、组成、膜丝填充率等参数对油田伴生气中CO_2分离效果的影响.实验结果证明,原料侧放空气流量对整体分离性能影响最为显著;升高原料气压力会增加处理量,但对分离性能无明显影响;升温导致渗透加速但是分离性能有下降趋势;原料气中CO_2浓度变大导致膜的渗透速率随之变大;50%装填率表现出了最佳的分离效果.在580h测试过程中聚酰亚胺膜渗透分离性能较为稳定.这些结果揭示了相关参数对该分离过程影响的规律,并验证了聚酰亚胺中空纤维膜用于油田采出气中CO_2分离回收的可靠性.     

氢气分离膜材料的研究现状

膜法氢气分离技术作为一种绿色分离技术,具有环保、节能、占地面积小、操作简单、运行成本低等优点,是一种极具竞争力的新型氢气净化分离技术.本文概述了氢气分离膜的研究现状,总结了常用的氢气分离膜材料,重点介绍了聚合物氢气分离膜材料的研究进展,对氢气分离膜材料的发展进行了展望.     

用于气体分离的综合装置

通常，气体分离技术是独立开发的。例如，氮是在具有多级精馏塔的大型低温装置中以高纯度回收，或者可用吸收、吸附或膜扩散工艺以中等纯度回收。现在，空气产品和化学制品公司(宾夕法尼亚州，阿伦敦)正在开发一种将膜与深冷工艺结合的综合装置。空气产品公司A． P． Dyer说：“该综合装置在降低投资及操作费用上具有潜力。”     

剑桥大学发明新型纳米多孔膜材料或将提高膜分离心机技术

英国剑桥大学的科学家最近发明了一种新的纳米多孔膜材料,可以显著提高膜的选择性,其渗透性比传统的商业化分离膜高100~1000倍。研究人员表示,如果能将这种膜制备成商业化组件,将有望为膜分离心机技术带来一场革命。气体膜分离技术可根据各种气体分子的不同渗透性,实现低能耗的选择性分离,广泛应用于空气分离、氢气回收和净化、     

膜法回收聚合尾气中氯乙烯

介绍了聚氯乙烯生产工艺及含氯乙烯尾气的产生及处理方法，同时阐述了有机蒸气分离膜的分离原理，并叙述了膜法氯乙烯回收装置在聚合尾气中回收氯乙烯的应用．     

以新型聚合物聚醚砜酮为前驱体膜材料制作的平板膜的实验过程分析

气体分离膜以其低能耗,投资小,设备简单,模块化等特点,在许多领域得到应用,如氢气的回收、富氧助燃、富氮、天然气脱湿、有机蒸汽分离。膜法分离气体是分离科学中发展最快的分支之一。     

气体分离膜及其应用进展

<正>气体膜分离技术是一种新兴的分离技术,最早的商业化应用是在上世纪70~80年代。由于气体膜分离技术与传统分离技术相比具有投资省、能耗低、占地小、收益高、操作灵活简便、运行稳定、不产生二次污染等优点,30多年来获得了长足发展,广泛应用于空气分离,H2回收,天然气脱CO2、脱H2S、脱水,轻烃回收、油气回收,沼气分离等领域。目前,国内气体分离膜应用市场规模合计约10亿/年,其中:氢气回收约2亿/年,空气富氮约2亿/年,     

膜分离技术在炼厂气回收中的应用

煤油厂在产油加工过程中会副产各种干气（通称炼厂气），其中含有大量氢气。采用膜分离回收氢气的工艺流程为：将来自重油催化装置、加氢裂化装置和制造蜡装置的原料气混合并脱硫、脱碳，同时与脱除轻烃后的尾气合并送入压缩机，压缩至1．8MPa，再送入氢气回收单元。压缩气体经过旋风分离器，除掉气体中悬浮固液颗粒（粒径大于0．01μm的颗粒物）和液体油滴（残留油分小于0．01μg／g）后，     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.