Structure and properties of laser-cladded Ni-based amorphous composite coatings

A (N_i0.6Fe_0.4)₆₅B₁₈Si₁₀Nb₄C₃ amorphous composite coating has been fabricated on a mild steel substrate by a laser cladding process under different heat inputs. Observation of the structure and phase showed that the thickness of the coating decreased and the amorphous fraction increased when the laser cladding heat input was lower. The cooling rate increases when the heat input decreases, which favours the formation of amorphous phase. Microhardness and wear resistance test results indicated that a lower heat input led to higher microhardness and better wear resistance of the coating. An average microhardness of 1187.0 HV0.2 was obtained with a heat input of 69?J?mm^–1.     

Characterization and properties of CuZrAlTiNi high entropy alloy coating obtained by mechanical alloying and vacuum hot pressing sintering

CuZrAlTiNi High entropy alloy (HEA) coating was synthesized on T10 substrate using mechanical alloying (MA) and vacuum hot pressing sintering (VHPS) technique. The MA results show that the final product of as-milled powders is amorphous phase. The obtained coating sintered at 950 °C is compact and about 0.9 mm in thickness. It is composed of a couple of face-centered cubic (FCC), one body-centered cubic (BCC) solid solutions and AlNi₂Zr phase. The interface strength between coating and substrate is 355.5 MPa measured by three point bending test. Compared with T10 substrate, the corrosion resistance of CuZrAlTiNi HEA coating is enhanced greatly in the seawater solution, which is indicated by the higher corrosion potential, wider passivation region, and secondary passivation. The average microhardness of the coating reaches 943 HV_0.2, and is about 3.5 times higher than the substrate, which is mainly ascribed to the uniformly dispersed nano-size precipitates, phase boundary strengthening and solid solution strengthening. Moreover, the wear resistance of the coating is slightly improved in comparison with the substrate.     

Corrosion behavior of Al0.4CoCu0.6NiSi0.2Ti0.25 high-entropy alloy coating via 3D printing laser cladding in a sulphur environment

High-entropy alloys(HEAs) are of great interest in materials science and engineering communities owing to their unique phase structure.HEAs are constructed with five or more principal alloying elements in equimolar or near-equimolar ratios.Therefore,they can derive their performance from multiple principal elements ratherthan a single element.In this work,three-dimensional printing laser cladding was applied to produce an Al_0.4CoCu_0.6NiSi_0.2Ti_0.25 HEA coating.The experimental results confirmed that the laser cladding could be used to produce a thin coating of 120 μm in thickness.In the high-temperature laser cladding process,some Fe elements diffused from the substrate to the coating,forming a combination of face-centred cubic and body-centred cubic phase structures.The HEA coating metallurgically bonded well with the substrate.Owing to the increased dislocation density and number of grain boundaries,the HEA coating was harder and had a stronger hydrophobicity than X70 steel.The electrochemistry results showed that the HEA coating had better corrosion resistance than X70 steel.Aluminium oxides formed on the surface of the HEA coating had a certain protective effect.However,because of the laser cladding,the HEA coating generated cracks.In future work,the laser cladding technology will be improved and heat treatment will be implemented to prevent formation of cracks.     

B_4C加入量对氩弧熔覆Ni-Cr-W合金涂层组织及耐蚀性能的影响

为改善Ni基合金涂层的组织及耐蚀性,采用氩弧熔覆技术在40Cr钢基体表面制备Ni-Cr-W基/B_4C复合涂层,主要研究了B_4C加入量对涂层显微组织、显微硬度以及耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:合金涂层显微组织由平面晶、柱状晶和树枝状晶等组成;当B_4C含量为5%时,涂层熔覆层的组织明显发生细化;当B_4C含量超过5%时,熔覆涂层表面出现气孔和裂纹等缺陷,内部夹杂增多,涂层质量下降;B_4C的加入提高了合金涂层的硬度,当B_4C含量达到5%时表面硬度较高,达到1 027.4 HV_(0.5N),B_4C含量继续升高,硬度变化不大;B_4C的加入降低了熔覆层耐蚀性,当B_4C含量为5%时耐蚀性相比未加B_4C时的下降不多,耐蚀性较好。     

Study on corrosion resistance of aluminium coating deposited on magnesium-zinc-yttrium-calcium alloy by cold spray

Pure aluminium coatings were prepared on magnesium-zinc-yttrium-calcium alloy substrate via cold spraying technology with different scanning speeds and working gas temperature. The correlation between the corrosion resistance of the coatings and the different spraying process was studied. While the working gas temperature is 600 °C and the scanning speed is 1 mm/s, aluminium coating has less porosity and the coating was well combined with the substrate. Higher temperature of working gas increases the plastic deformation of particles, which lead to a dense aluminium coating. The relationship of corrosion resistance on working gas temperature and scanning speed of aluminium coatings has also been investigated by immersion corrosion test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic techniques. The results show that the cold sprayed aluminium coatings revealed a lower porosity and higher corrosion resistance with the decreasing scanning speed and the increasing temperature of working gas. The porosity and corrosion current densities were 0.938 vol.% and 2.427 ⋅ 10⁻⁶ A/cm². The experimental results show that the aluminium coating prepared by cold spraying has a good protective effect on magnesium alloy.     

45钢表面激光熔覆CoCrNi中熵合金涂层组织与性能

为探究CoCrNi中熵合金在激光熔覆领域中的应用,以CoCrNi合金粉末作为熔覆粉末,在45钢表面采用同轴送粉法制备合金涂层。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度仪、摩擦磨损实验机和电化学工作站等设备研究了熔覆层微观组织、硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明：熔覆层成形良好,组织均匀致密,组成相主要为FCC单相固溶体;熔池与基体交界处为平面晶,底部靠近中心为柱状晶,顶部分别为胞状晶和等轴晶,3种元素在熔覆层深度方向上的比例几乎相同;熔覆层平均硬度为250HV,摩擦系数、磨损量较基体分别降低了11.7%和36.7%;自腐蚀电流密度略有降低,CoCrNi熔覆层的钝化区域为-150到1 100 mV,表明熔覆层显著提高45钢的耐腐蚀性能。     

激光熔覆CoCrFeMnNiMox高熵合金的组织和耐蚀性研究

目的 为了增强钢制结构表面的耐蚀性,研究Mo含量对CoCrFeMnNiMox高熵合金组织与耐蚀性的影响。方法 采用激光熔覆的方式在N80钢上制备CoCrFeMnNiMox（x=0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5）高熵合金熔覆层,研究Mo含量变化对高熵合金组织、物相与耐蚀性的影响。结果 CoCrFeMnNiMox熔覆试样均由单一的FCC固溶体相组成,随着Mo含量的增加,晶格畸变增大;当Mo的摩尔比超过0.3后,晶粒有长大倾向;Mo的摩尔比为0.5时,表面择优生长晶面由（111）密排晶面转变为（200）非密排晶面。熔覆试样在氯化钠溶液和稀硫酸溶液中的耐蚀性相较N80钢提升明显,其中,CoCrMnFeNiMo0.3的耐蚀性最好,在质量分数为3.5%的氯化钠溶液中其自腐蚀电流密度是N80钢的5%,自腐蚀电位比N80钢提高了1倍;在0.5 mol/L硫酸溶液中,其自腐蚀电流密度是N80钢的31%,钝化区电流密度比N80钢降低了1个数量级。结论 在该高熵合金体系中,随着Mo含量的增加,晶格畸变增大。CoCrMnFeNiMox高熵合金熔覆层可以有效地阻止基体腐蚀的发生。Mo元素在溶液中能够形成MoO3附着在金属表面,从而形成稳定致密的保护层,减少点蚀的发生。CoCrMnFeNiMo0.3熔覆层的耐蚀性最好。     

1Cr12Ni2W1Mo1V不锈钢表面等离子堆焊司太立熔覆层的组织及性能

为提高1Cr12Ni2W1Mo1V不锈钢的耐水蚀性能,采用等离子堆焊方法在其表面制备司太立熔覆层。研究了涂层的显微组织和显微硬度分布,分析了涂层的抗微粒冲蚀性能和耐水蚀性能。结果表明:司太立熔覆层与基体材料冶金结合良好,熔覆层组织细小、分布均匀,基体为枝晶状Co-Cr固溶体,枝晶间较均匀地分布着黑色碳化物,主要为M7C3和少量WC颗粒;司太立熔覆层的平均显微硬度(382.38 HV4.9 N)约为基材平均硬度(195.29HV4.9 N)的1.96倍,最高硬度值达到了421.00 HV4.9 N;堆焊第2层的硬度明显高于第1层的;司太立熔覆层合金的抗微粒冲蚀性能优于基材,其水蚀速度比基材小,在基材1Cr12Ni2W1Mo1V上堆焊司太立合金能有效提高其耐水蚀性能。     

SiC含量对激光熔覆SiC/Ni60A复合涂层显微组织和耐磨性能的影响

利用LDM2500-60半导体激光器在45#钢板上制备SiC颗粒增强Ni60A合金激光熔覆涂层,系统研究SiC含量对涂层的显微组织、稀释率、耐磨性、摩擦因数和显微硬度的作用规律。结果表明:随着SiC含量增加,熔覆表层的微观组织细化,稀释率、耐磨性、摩擦因数和硬度均先增加后降低;当SiC含量为20%(质量分数,下同)时,熔覆层的耐磨性能最佳,磨损量仅为0.0012g,为基体磨损量的1/36.3;摩擦因数最小为0.464,且磨损过程最为平稳;熔覆层平均硬度值最高,达到1039.9HV0.2,为基体的3.5倍;但当SiC含量达到25%时,熔覆层的显微硬度与耐磨性能反而下降。     

基于工业合金激光熔覆制备Fe基非晶涂层

以FeCoCrMoCBY块体合金为熔覆材料,采用激光熔覆在低碳钢表面制备非晶涂层,探讨不同激光功率对涂层成形及组织的影响,通过显微硬度仪、电化学工作站测试涂层显微硬度及耐腐蚀性能。研究结果表明,其他参数不变,激光功率为17.6~20.8 W时,涂层成形良好,与基材呈典型冶金结合。随激光功率增加,涂层稀释率升高,裂纹倾向增大,非晶化程度降低。激光功率为17.6 W时,涂层主要由非晶组成,稀释率低于24.2%,结构致密,包括热影响区、熔合区和熔覆区;涂层平均显微硬度为1 330HV,约高于基材9倍,在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能明显优于316L不锈钢。     

Laser multi-layer cladding of Zr<Subscript>65</Subscript>Al<Subscript>7.5</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>10</Subscript>Cu<Subscript>17.5</Subscript> amorphous alloy on magnesium substrates

A coating about 3-mm thick of the amorphous alloy, Zr₆₅Al_7.5Ni₁₀Cu_17.5 was fabricated on magnesium substrates using the technique of laser multi-layer cladding protected under an atmosphere of argon gas. The coating exhibited a graded microstructure, which could be generally categorized into three classes: an amorphous phase, an amorphous–nanocrystalline composite, and one which is predominantly crystalline. Formation of the latter two was due to the reheating effect of the laser cladding process. With regard to properties, the microhardness and the wear resistance of the composite material were both higher than that of the monolithic amorphous material; both materials showed excellent corrosion resistance in a 3.5% NaCl solution.     

Microstructure and properties of laser-clad FeNiCoCrTi0.5Nb0.5 high-entropy alloy coating

ABSTRACT

FeNiCoCrTi_0.5Nb_0.5 high-entropy alloy coating is prepared on AISI 1045 steel by laser cladding. The cross-sectional macroscopic morphology, phase, microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance are studied systematically. The results show that FeNiCoCrTi_0.5Nb_0.5 coating has no porosities, cracks or other defects and is well metallurgically bonded to the substrate. The coating is composed of body-centred cubic (BCC) solid solution, face-centred cubic (FCC) solid solution and hard Laves phase. The solid solution phase and Laves phase distribute uniformly and closely in a lamellar shape to form a fine and dense eutectic structure. The microhardness of FeNiCoCrTi_0.5Nb_0.5 coating is about three times that of the substrate. Compared with the substrate, the coating has superior wear resistance.     

Ni60A+20WC于水刀喷嘴耐磨层的应用工艺

采用高频感应熔覆技术以提高高压水刀喷嘴的耐磨性能,本实验选用304不锈钢板作为基体材料,Ni60A+20%WC合金粉末作为熔覆层材料;分别采用高频感应加热设备、电火花成型机和小孔机对试件进行加热、熔覆并加工到规定尺寸.采用扫描电子显微镜观察试件的微观组织,发现涂层和基体之间产生了扩散层;采用X射线衍射仪分析涂层相结构,涂层中存在的强化相有WC、Fe_3Ni_2、W2C、Cr_3C_2、Cr_2Ni_3等;摩擦学性能测试实验表明涂层材料大大提高了水刀喷嘴的耐磨性;显微硬度实验表明WC极大地提高了涂层的硬度,其平均值约为1 000 HV0.1,基体约为190 HV0.1.在水刀喷嘴内孔成功制备了WC增强Ni基熔覆层,该熔覆层光滑平整,表面无明显缺陷,与基体实现冶金结合,性能优异.     

Microstructure and properties of in‐situ vanadium carbide phase reinforced nickel based coating by laser cladding

Laser cladding has been applied to fabricate in‐situ vanadium carbide phase on the surface of C45E (according to ISO 683‐1:2016 (E)) using a preplaced powder consisting of 55 wt.% Ni35 and 45 wt.% (FeV50 + graphite), meanwhile, pure Ni35 has also been cladded for comparison. The microstructure and phases analysis were carried out by means of optical microscope, X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. The microhardness and wear resistance were tested through the microhardness tester and ring‐on‐block wear tester respectively. The results show that there are many kinds of microstructure such as cellular and columnar crystals for the pure Ni35 cladding coating, and lots of cellular or dendritic vanadium carbide and reticular Cr₂Fe₁₄C₃ phases distribute over the Fe₃Ni₂ matrix in the coating cladded with 55 wt.% Ni35 and 45 wt.% (FeV50 + graphite). Vanadium carbide phase is uniformly distributed and bonded metallurgically to the matrix very well, which increases the hardness and wear resistance. The wear resistance of coating cladded with 55 wt. % Ni35 and 45 wt. % (FeV50 + graphite) alloy powder is 5.16 times as high as C45E, and is higher 139.7% than that of the pure Ni35 clad layer.     

激光熔覆镍基合金层的组织与高温耐磨性能

为了改善304不锈钢工件的高温耐磨性能,利用CO2激光器在其表面熔覆了Ni基高温合金层。研究了熔覆层的物相组成、显微组织、成分分布,测试了其显微硬度、高温耐磨性能等,并与基材进行了对比。结果表明:Ni基合金熔覆层的组织从熔池底部到表层为胞状晶—柱状枝晶—树枝晶;熔覆层的主要组成相是Ni3Cr2,NbC,Mo2C与Cr23C6;Ni基合金粉末中添加难熔元素Cr,Mo,Nb等对熔覆层的组织起到了固溶强化、硬质相强化和弥散强化作用;熔覆层的平均显微硬度达到了405 HV,高温耐磨性能是基体的2倍多。     

铝青铜表面激光熔覆镍基涂层的组织与磨损性能

为了改善铜合金表面的耐磨性能,利用超音速火焰喷涂和激光重熔技术在铝青铜上制备了镍基涂层。分析了激光熔覆层的微观组织,测试了其显微硬度及磨损性能。结果表明:熔覆层组织致密、无裂纹,与铝青铜形成了良好的冶金结合;从熔覆层表层到基体热影响区,组织呈现出由细小的柱状晶→胞状晶、树枝晶→平面晶过渡;激光熔覆层磨损量约为铝青铜的1/4,熔覆层耐磨能力的增强归因于熔覆层与铝青铜间良好的冶金结合及基体与涂层元素固溶强化和碳化物等析出相的强化作用。     

Pulse and direct electrodeposition of Ni–Co/micro and nanosized SiO2 particles

Ni–Co/SiO₂ composite coating was electrodeposited on the steel substrate. The coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The microhardness of the composite coatings was studied by variation of the electroplating parameters, such as the pulse current (PC) and direct current (DC) electrodeposition methods, deposition temperature, electrolyte pH, concentration of surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Zeta potential of SiO₂ particles measurements was performed with various pH, SDS, and CTAB concentrations. The data depict that the hardness of Ni–Co/SiO₂ nanocomposite coatings manufactured by PC electrodeposition increases with the increase of bath temperature, pH, SDS, and CTAB concentration up to 50°C, 4.6, 0.3, and 0.2?g/L, respectively. Beyond mentioned optimum values, the microhardness of nanocomposite coating decreases. Using DC method led to reduce the microhardness. Utilizing SiO₂ microparticles instead of SiO₂ nanoparticles for reinforcing resulted in declining the microhardness. The friction coefficient and wear results demonstrated that using PC method and nanosized particles led to reduce the friction coefficient and increase the resistance to wear. Anodic polarization results illustrated that using SiO₂ nanoparticles and PC method to prepare coating caused corrosion resistance of coating in a 3.5?wt% NaCl solution to enhance.     

Effect of re-melting on the cladding coating of Fe-based composite powder

The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of laser re-melting on the geometry and overlapping pores of cladding coating. In this study, Fe-based alloy mixed with 5 wt.% Cr₃C₂ powder was used as cladding material to obtain high hardness and strength coating. However, this coating has overlapping pores and a rough surface. Therefore, re-melting process is explored systematically. The geometry, microhardness and microstructure of the coatings have been analyzed and compared subsequently. Besides, a 3D finite element model has been built to provide a thermal field analysis for laser re-melting. Finally, it is found that re-melting process is an effective method to improve the surface smoothness of cladding layer, which could reduce the process cycle and cost of secondary operations. More importantly, it could remove the overlapping pores easily.     

Laser cladding of Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5 amorphous alloy on magnesium

Laser cladding of amorphous alloy Zr₆₅Al_7.5Ni₁₀Cu_17.5 on magnesium substrate was conducted using the blown powder method. The thickness of the coating was about 1.5 mm. The resulting microstructure, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating were studied. The results of the XRD and TEM analyses showed that up to a depth of 1.1 mm, the coating had an amorphous structure, and no apparent crystalline structures were found. The coated specimen exhibited wear and corrosion resistance superior to that of the uncoated specimen: the wear loss was significantly reduced, some thirteen-fold; and the corrosion current was lowered by three orders of magnitude.     

Research on in situ synthesised (Ti,V)C/Fe composite coating by laser cladding

Laser cladding is an effective way to improve the wear resistance of mechanical components. In this study, the composite carbide (Ti,V)C reinforced Fe based coating was successfully synthesised by laser cladding the powder mixtures of ferrotitanium, ferrovanadium and graphite. The samples were analysed to assess the microstructure, microhardness and wear properties. Results indicate that high quality composite coating with metallurgical joint to the steel substrate was obtained. During laser cladding processes, it is found that the (Ti,V)C composite particles were in situ synthesised and distributed evenly in the coating. The microhardness and wear properties of the clad coating were improved significantly in comparison to the steel substrate due to the presence of the hard reinforcement (Ti,V)C.