超疏水表面上的流体流动

本文以超疏水圆管内的流体流动为例，推导出一系列有滑移速度时的流体流动表达式，分析具有一定滑移速度时的流动特征，在液体与超疏水表面接触符合Cassie模型的前提下，对滑移速度和超疏水表面特征之间的关系进行了简单推导。     

非啮合双螺杆挤出过程轴向循环流道三维流场分析——轴向循环流场分析（Ⅰ）

引入了轴向循环流动的概念,且利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对非啮合双螺杆挤出机轴向循环流道中的非牛顿流体等温流动进行了三维模拟分析。在得出速度场和压力场的基础上,分析了螺杆转速及轴向循环长度对输送特性及混合能力的影响,同时还对剪切粘度、剪切速率及剪切应力进行了模拟。     

锥形和普通柱形单螺杆螺槽内熔体流动及混合对比分析

利用Polyflow软件对锥形单螺杆挤出机和普通单螺杆挤出机计量均化段进行流动与混合模拟.通过图形后处理和统计学处理得出速度场分布、剪切速率分布以及停留时间分布,对比说明了锥形螺杆比普通螺杆更有利于蓬松物料和热敏性物料的加工.     

基于数值模拟的波纹换热管道流动分析

本文采用Fluent数值模拟软件,对水-油换热器管道的流动特性进行模拟。从速度分布、速度矢量、湍动能、温度分布、强化传热特性分析等方面分析波纹管的流动特性,并与光滑圆管进行对比。结果表明,相比于圆管,波纹管内流体的出口温度和换热量均有较大提高,波纹管的出口总热量比光滑圆管提高35%。     

新型循环射流混合器湍流特性分析

采用Fluent SST k-w湍流模型,分别对新型循环射流混合器受限区域内喷嘴射流自相似性和挡板长度对射流轴线衰减规律进行了数值研究. 对自由湍动圆射流在不同轴向距离下数值模拟所得无量纲速度衰减曲线与理论曲线吻合较好. 通过三维湍流流场分析对混合器内流体流动进行分区,并利用涡量分布分析混合器内的流体循环流动情况. 结果表明,在z/H=0.25时,平均涡量达最大值áw?max=11.22. 相平面角度qp<20o时,áw?为正,其余为负. 特别是qp=16o时,áw?max=27.22;qp=20o时,áw?min=-100.66. 由剪切速率分布得出较大的剪切速率分布于尾涡的位置. 最后给出了强化混合效果应考虑的因素.     

油液对伸缩变形乳胶粒子作用力的计算

乳化油中乳胶粒子在脉冲电场作用下产生伸缩振动,变形粒子受油液作用力的精确解目前尚不明确。通过建立单乳胶粒子在油中的伸缩变形模型,得到变形粒子内部流体的速度势,利用椭球谐函数推导出变形粒子外部油液流动的流函数,结合Stokes流理论计算粒子变形过程中瞬时时刻受到周围油液的作用力,得出力的解析表达式。数值计算结果表明：当乳胶粒子的变形较小时,作用力系数的数值结果与粒子变形按线性分布假设的计算结果基本吻合;当粒子的长轴大于短轴3倍时,作用力系数达到最小,基本趋于零。精确解表达式可解决任意时刻油液对乳胶粒子变形的作用力问题。     

固定床中错流流动的流场研究

实验分别测定了气体垂直于单根和两根圆管呈错流流动时固定床内的压力分布,经数学模拟获得床层中流体的压力分布、速度分布及流函数。对于固定床中内置单根圆管,沿主体流动方向的速度分量u在圆管左右两侧离管中心的2．0Dt范围内显著增大,其影响范围一直延伸到床层边缘;而在圆管正前、后方近壁处,由于管的阻挡,“显著下降,约为主体流速的40％,影响范围在1．5Dt左右;随着离开圆管距离的增大,其影响减弱。垂直于主体流动方向的速度分量v,在圆管前后被影响范围约相当于圆管直径,而在圆管左右两侧的影响范围约相当于2．0Dt。影响的深度随雷诺数的增大而增加。对于内置两根圆管的错流流动,沿主体流动方向的速度分量“在圆管前后呈现流速下降、管间流速增大的波形曲线,其波峰和波幅的大小与管间距、离管中心的距离及Rep有关。     

层叠流道中天然高分子挤压流动过程的数值模拟

为探究层叠流道中天然高分子材料挤压流动过程与混合特性，建立层叠流道的三维物理模型和有限元网格模型，利用POLYFLOW软件计算了食品熔体在不同的入口流量，挤压过程中的压力、速度、剪切速率分布。结果表明，压力沿着挤出方向呈梯度递减，随着入口流量增大中间位置压力差增大；剪切速率在流道中变化明显，剪切速率从流道中间位置向四周递减，从壁面到流道内部递减；速度在流道内沿着挤出方向先增大后减小，靠近壁面速度小；层叠扭转流道的结构和尺寸设计，有助于提高天然高分子物料的混合效果，并且第1、4层流道混合效果优于第2、3层流道，提高入口流量也有利于提高物料的混合效果。     

往复注射螺杆计量段三维流场分析

使用流体计算软件Polyflow，对往复注副螺杆计量段进行符合其轴向运动特点的三维流动分析。通过计算得出剪切速率场、压力场、速度场的分布结果，并对分布结果进行分析。通过不同工艺条件变化引起的流场变化，得到流场内部变化的部分规律，并建立了符合注射螺杆工作特点的模拟分析方法。     

注射过程喷嘴内物料温度和压力的模拟与分析

利用Fluent软件对注射过程中物料在喷嘴内的流动进行了模拟,分析了喷嘴内剪切热产生的位置及喷嘴尺寸与物料温度变化和压力降的关系。结果表明,注射过程中喷嘴内最高温升位置出现在壁面附近的很小区域内,温升变化率随喷嘴圆管直径的增加而降低,随喷嘴圆管长度的增加而提高;喷嘴出口处物料温度随喷嘴圆管直径增加逐渐趋向均匀;注射过程中喷嘴内压力降随喷嘴圆管直径减少和长度的增加而提高。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。