提高濮城油田分注率研究与应用

本文详细阐述了濮城油田在高含水开发后期，为了夯实稳产基础，控制产量递减，以增储稳产为中心，强化注水管理、抓好新的分注工艺技术引进和应用研究，提高分注率、增加有效注水量和水驱动用储量的做法，说明高含水油田开发后期抓分注工艺技术的研究应用是实现稳产的有效手段之一。     

提前对三元驱注入井进行分注的必要性分析

三元驱开发在前置段塞阶段,一般会对注入井进行拔空水嘴注水,以提高高分子聚合物的调堵效果。进入三元主段塞后,分注时机的选择就变得尤为关键,分注过早会影响高渗层的开发效果,分注过晚又会导致层间和平面矛盾加剧。本文将以"晚分注不如早分注"为论点,结合生产实际,通过举例和分析,论证提前分注的必要性。     

影响分注有效期因素分析及下步对策

简单介绍江苏油田试采一厂水井分注概况；从井史角度统计分析不同分注类型井分注有效期情况，重点从分注工艺选择、井筒状况、水质状况、测试作业几方面分析影响分注有效期偏短一些因素，提出延长分注井分注有效期一些对策。     

分层注汽工艺技术在稠油生产中的应用

本文就分注的原因目的;分注的选井原则,分注的效果分析及确保分注措施效果的做法进行了详细阐述,诣在为该技术的推广应用提供依据。     

多层砂岩油藏分注效果评价方法及应用

多层状砂岩油藏采用分层注水能够有效提高开发效果,通过国内多个油田分层注水开发现状,总结了分注效果评价的主要内容和主要评价指标。其中分注效果的评价内容包括:分注合格率是否有提高;吸水剖面是否得到改善;含水上升速度是否减缓;注水结构是否得到了改善,注水利用率是否提高;产量递减速度是否减慢;水驱动用程度是否得到了提高等。分注效果的评价指标主要包括:动态开发指标评价、水驱指标评价、监测指标评价和经济指标评价等。最后以华北油田同口地区Y63断块为实例,对分注效果进行了评价,结果表明实施分注后水驱开发效果明显提高。     

大港油田出砂井分注工艺技术研究与应用

在疏松出砂油藏的分层注水中,化学防砂有效期短,传统的机械防砂无法实现分注要求,针对这一难题,开发了分注防砂一体化工艺技术,达到了既防砂又分注的目的 ,解决了传统的分注和防砂结合难的问题。通过在港西油田的应用,证实了分注防砂一体化工艺技术的可靠性和优越性,为疏松出砂油藏的分层注水提供了有力的技术保证。     

智能分注分采技术应用效果及其影响因素研究

近年来,渤海油田智能分注分采技术已取得较好的水驱开发效果,解决了常规单井测调作业占用平台时间长、测调效率低、水平井和大斜度井适应性差等问题.为进一步对智能分注分采技术规模化应用提供理论依据和指导,依据渤海BZ28-2S油田实际地质模型,开展了单独分注、单独分采和分注分采3种注采方式在不同分注或分采率下增油效果研究和对比...     

注水井一级多层分注液力投捞,测试,调配技术

注水井一级多层分注液力投捞测试，调配技术就是利用一级配水器实现２￣３层分注，封隔器既能分层又能分层配水，与其配套的井下流量存储测试仪一次下井同时测２￣３层，测试仪中的硬件电路同时存储三组数据。对于有回水管线的井，实现液力投劳（也可使用钢丝投捞），这是油田注水开发中一种理想的分注工艺技术，本文对“注水井一级多层分注液水投与调技术”的设计思路，管柱及测试仪器性能，工作原理作了介绍。     

双级密封高压分注封隔器的研制与应用

为适应文南油田复杂井况高压分注井卡封分注的需要，研制了双级密封封隔器，并对密封胶筒的密封高度、胶筒的材质及现场施工工艺进行了改进，取得了良好的现场应用效果。     

桥式偏心精细分注工艺及测调技术研究与应用

长庆油田注水井具有＂定向井、小水量＂的特点和难点,对分注工艺的可靠性和实用性提出了更高的要求。随着油田开发时间的不断深入,常规分注工艺存在分注有效期短、测试投捞成功率低、测试误差大等问题。本文通过桥式偏心分注工艺的研究与应用,完善配套了测调技术,初步满足了定向井小水量注水的技术需要,为精细化注水提供了新的技术借鉴。     

注蒸汽热采技术研究进展

在研究大量文献的基础上,总结了注蒸汽采油的机理,概述了稠油注蒸汽热采的研究现状与发展趋势,着重探讨了稀油注蒸汽热采的应用前景、研究现状以及稀油注蒸汽热采还需要深入研究的课题。研究认为：稠油注蒸汽热采已是比较成熟的技术,在稠油开发中占有重要的地位,其发展趋势为利用天然气、溶剂、高温泡沫、聚合物等来改善注蒸汽热采效果;稀油油藏水驱、聚驱后转注蒸汽热采具有可行性,今后需重点解决的问题包括采用煤或核能生产蒸汽、采用水汽交注、蒸汽泡沫等方法提高稀油油藏注蒸汽热采的采收率。     

SIMULTANEOUS HEAT AND FLUID FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA: CASE STUDY: STEAM INJECTION FOR TERTIARY OIL RECOVERY

Heat transfer and fluid flow in porous media occur simultaneously in thermal enhanced oil recovery and significantly increase the rate of energy transfer. The purpose of this investigation was to take advantage of such contemporary transfers and to study heavy oil recovery efficiency using hot-water flooding, cold-water flooding, and steam injection into porous media. A set of multistage laboratory tests was performed to find the temperature profile during steam injection as a means of tertiary oil recovery. Sand-packed models were utilized to investigate the oil recovery efficiency during cold and hot water injection as well as steam flooding for both secondary and tertiary oil production stages. An oil bank was formed in steam injection during the tertiary oil recovery from a vertical standing sand-packed model, resulting in very high oil recovery efficiency. Steam injection was found to be very effective, compared to cold- and hot-water flooding, for the recovery of heavy oil. Based on the principles of transport phenomena in porous media, a mathematical model was developed to predict the temperature profile during the steam injection process. Satisfactory agreement is achieved between the temperature profile predicted from the model and the experimental results.     

SIMULTANEOUS HEAT AND FLUID FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA: CASE STUDY: STEAM INJECTION FOR TERTIARY OIL RECOVERY

Heat transfer and fluid flow in porous media occur simultaneously in thermal enhanced oil recovery and significantly increase the rate of energy transfer. The purpose of this investigation was to take advantage of such contemporary transfers and to study heavy oil recovery efficiency using hot-water flooding, cold-water flooding, and steam injection into porous media. A set of multistage laboratory tests was performed to find the temperature profile during steam injection as a means of tertiary oil recovery. Sand-packed models were utilized to investigate the oil recovery efficiency during cold and hot water injection as well as steam flooding for both secondary and tertiary oil production stages. An oil bank was formed in steam injection during the tertiary oil recovery from a vertical standing sand-packed model, resulting in very high oil recovery efficiency. Steam injection was found to be very effective, compared to cold- and hot-water flooding, for the recovery of heavy oil. Based on the principles of transport phenomena in porous media, a mathematical model was developed to predict the temperature profile during the steam injection process. Satisfactory agreement is achieved between the temperature profile predicted from the model and the experimental results.     

空气驱油实验研究

轻质油油藏注空气驱油不但具有注气作用,而且还具有氧气产生的其它效果。本文针对胜利渤南油田罗36块油样,采用大型填砂管模型,开展了90℃条件下注空气驱油提高采收率实验研究,重点讨论了驱油过程中注入孔隙倍数、注入速率和倾角对驱油效率的影响。实验结果表明,由于空气-泡沫对储层的封堵作用,能大幅提高水驱效果;气驱突破时间在一定程度上受注气倾角的影响,最终影响驱油效率。通过以上驱油实验研究,为注空气驱油方案的设计、油藏数值模拟研究、开发方案优化等提供了必要的依据,为油田先导试验的实施奠定了基础。     

Improving oil recovery in the CO2 flooding process by utilizing nonpolar chemical modifiers☆

By means of experiments of CO2 miscibility with crude oil, four nonpolar chemicals were evaluated in order to enhance the miscibility of CO2 with crude oil. Through pre-slug injection and joint injection of toluene in CO2, crude oil displacement experiments in the slim-tube were conducted to investigate effects of the toluene-enhanced CO2 flooding under simulated subterranean reservoir conditions. Experimental results showed that toluene can enhance extraction of oil into CO2 and dissolution of CO2 into oil with the increment of 251%and 64%respectively. Addition of toluene can obviously improve the oil recovery in either pre-slug injection or joint injection, and the crude oil recovery increased with the increase of the toluene concentration. The oil recov-ery can increase by 22.5%in pre-slug injection with the high toluene concentration. Pre-slug injection was recom-mended because it can consume less toluene than joint injection. This work could be useful to development and application of the CO2 flooding in the oil recovery as wel as CO2 emission reduction.     

Experimental study of secondary and tertiary modes combined low salinity water and polymer flooding in sandstone porous media

Combined low salinity water (LSW) and polymer (LSP) flooding is the most attractive method of enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Considerable research has investigated effective mechanisms of LSP flooding. In this study, 10 laboratory core flood tests were carried out to evaluate the effects of LSW injection into samples without any clay particles, the timing of LSW injection, and the advantages of adding polymer to the injection water for EOR. Secondary and tertiary LSW injections were performed on sandpack samples with different wettability states and water salinity. Tertiary LSW injection after secondary synthetic seawater (SSW) injection in oil-wet samples resulted in 13% more oil recovery, while the water-wet sample showed no effect on the oil recovery. Secondary LSW injection in oil-wet porous media improved oil recovery by 8% of the original oil in place (OOIP) more than secondary SSW injection. Tertiary LSP flooding after secondary SSW injection in the oil-wet sample provided a recovery of 67.3% of OOIP, while secondary LSW injection followed by tertiary LSP flooding yielded the maximum ultimate oil recovery of about 77% of OOIP. The findings showed that the positive EOR effects of LSW and LSP flooding were the results of wettability alteration, pH increase, improved mobility ratio, better sweep efficiency, and oil redistribution. In addition, results showed that wettability alteration is possible without the presence of clay particles. The findings of this study can help for a better understanding of fluid propagation through the porous media and an investigation of delays in reaching ultimate oil recovery.     

甘谷驿西部油田注水效果分析

通过对超前注水、同步注水、滞后注水进行了对比分析,肯定了超前注水的效果.甘谷驿油田西部注水试验已4年多了,4年多来反九点法注采井网,由于井距小、微裂缝发育、主裂缝明显,东西向油井在部分水淹或含水较高,而南北向油井压裂引效措施后产量不理想,稳产期相对较短,因此优化裂缝主向、侧向井距组合,适当调整注采井网,是提高甘谷驿油田西部注水试验井区效果的关键.     

低伤害缓速深部酸化工艺在濮城油田的应用

濮城油田沙二下油藏属于多油层非均质油藏。在长期的注水开发过程中,注水井油层近井地带均受到堵塞、结垢、污染等伤害,严重制约油田的高效开发。针对此问题,我们运用降压增注技术,通过在井网注采关系完善区。选择在生产过程中由于污染、结垢、堵塞造成注水量下降或注水压力上升的水井,整体实施,收到良好效果。该工艺不仅能达到较好的降压、增注的目的,而且有效期长,是改善非均质油层注水开发技术的主要措施之一,具有广泛的应用前景。     

缩膨降压增注技术改善低渗油藏注水研究

安家庄油田属典型的低渗油田,矿物敏感性表现为中强酸敏和中强水敏,注水后压力上升快,吸水能力差,同时常规酸化措施效果差,针对这一情况研制了一种新型增注剂,增注性能评价实验表明,这种新型增注剂具有较好的缩膨降压增注和提高驱油效率的性能,适用于新投产的注水井;在新型增注剂基础上研发的复合缩膨降压增注体系既可以降低表面张力,防膨降压增注,又具有解堵的性能,适用于长期注水的老井。2015年在安家庄油田实施缩膨降压增注5井次,施工成功率100%,单井注水量平均增加5.4 m3/d,对应油井累积增油量396.7 t,取得良好效果。     

Influence of Gas Injection on the In‐Situ Oil Fraction of an Oil‐Water Flow in Horizontal Pipes

In this work, an experimental study was made on gas injection into an oil‐water flow in horizontal pipes with two unequal pipe diameters. Special attention was given to the influence of gas injection on the average in‐situ oil fraction. Measurements were made for input water flow rates of 1.25–5 m³/h, input oil flow rates of 0–8 m³/h and input gas flow rates of 0–9 m³/h. It was found that gas injection has a considerable influence on the in‐situ oil fraction. In general, a small increase in the rate of air injection leads to greatly decreasing in‐situ oil fractions. The in‐situ oil fraction with gas injection decreases to a greater extent than that without gas injection, at the same input liquid flow rates. At a given input water flow rate, the value of the in‐situ oil fraction in the pipe with the larger diameter is higher than that in the pipe with the smaller diameter. Furthermore, the drift flux models were extended to predict the average in‐situ fractions of the oil phase in the intermittent three‐phase flow regimes. A good agreement is obtained between theory and data, especially for the in‐situ oil fraction range of 0.2–1.0.