Microstructure and Oxidation Behavior of Al and Al/NiCrAlY Coatings on Pure Titanium Alloy

To improve the oxidation resistance of Ti alloys, a NiCrAlY coating was deposited as diffusion barrier between aluminum overlay coating and pure Ti substrate by air plasma spraying method. The microstructure and oxidation behavior of Al coatings with and without NiCrAlY diffusion barrier were investigated in isothermal oxidation tests at 800 °C for 100 h. The results indicate that the weight gain of the Al/NiCrAlY coating was 4.16 × 10^?5 mg² cm^?4 s^?1, whereas that of the single Al coating was 9.52 × 10^?5 mg² cm^?4 s^?1 after 100 h oxidation. As compared with single Al coating, the Al/NiCrAlY coating revealed lower oxidation rate and excellent oxidation resistance by forming thin Al₂O₃ + NiO scales at overlaying coating/diffusion barrier and diffusion barrier/substrate interfaces. Meanwhile, the inward diffusion of Al and the outward diffusion of Ti were inhibited effectively by the NiCrAlY diffusion barrier.     

High-temperature Oxidation Behavior and Surface Roughness Evolution of VPS NiCrAlY Coating

In this work, as a background to the development of high temperature environmental protection coating technology, the structural transformation of vacuum-plasma sprayed NiCrAlY coating has been studied, including the oxidation behavior, elastic modulus, microhardness, and surface roughness. Coating was oxidized isothermally at a 1,273 K for different time periods up to 1,000 h in order to form the oxide scale layer. The results showed that the oxide scale and weight gain increased proportional to the exposure time. The surface roughness and hardness decreased after isothermal exposure, but they are not proportional to the exposure time. The oxide scale growth was concentrated in the valleys of the surface at the early 1 h exposure (decreasing surface roughness), whereas the oxide scales over a longer perspective (time period), grew on the convex surface (increasing surface roughness).     

共渗制备NiCrAlY涂层及抗高温腐蚀研究

采用热扩散的方法在高温合金K417G基体上制备了NiCrAlY涂层,经测定,涂层以β–NiAl相为主,Cr以固溶态和AlCr(x)相同时存在。1000和1100℃恒温氧化试验表明,NiCrAlY涂层显著提高了合金的抗氧化性,氧化膜致密稳定的Al2O3为主,300h后氧化膜没有明显的剥落。对基体合金和涂层试样进行了900℃,NaCl/Na2SO4(25:75)融盐环境的热腐蚀试验。结果表明,NiCrAlY涂层氧化膜完整,涂层内硫化物含量低,有效提高了抗热腐蚀性能。     

TiAl合金的初期氧化行为

采用热分析天平、TEM、SEM、XRD研究了TiAl合金在900℃和1000℃的初期氧化行为,并对氧化机制进行了探讨。结果表明,TiAl合金在1000℃初期的氧化速度明显高于900℃,但随着时间的延长,900℃的α（Al）／α（Ti）活度比降低,使得最终合金在900℃的氧化速率高于1000℃。     

Evaluation of Cyclic Oxidation and Hot Corrosion Behavior of HVOF-Sprayed WC-Co/NiCrAlY Coating

Corrosion of metallic structural materials at an elevated temperature in complex multicomponent gas environments are potential problems in many fossil energy systems, especially those using coal as a feedstock. Combating these problems involves a number of approaches, one of which is the use of protective coatings. The high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) process has been used to deposit WC-Co/NiCrAlY composite powder on two types of Fe-based alloys. Thermocyclic oxidation behavior of coated alloys was investigated in the static air as well as in molten salt (Na₂SO₄-60%V₂O₅) environment at 700 °C for 50 cycles. The thermogravimetric technique was used to approximate the kinetics of oxidation. WC-Co/NiCrAlY coatings showed a lower oxidation rate in comparison to uncoated alloys. The oxidation resistance of WC-Co/NiCrAlY coatings can be ascribed to the oxide layer of Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ formed on the outermost surface. Coated alloys extend a protective oxide scale composed of oxides of Ni and Cr that are known to impart resistance to the hot corrosion in the molten salt environment.     

La-TZM合金板材制备及其氧化行为

采用粉末冶金法,在TZM合金的基础上,固-液掺杂稀土元素La,且以有机碳源硬脂酸替代传统的石墨粉引入C元素,经混料、压制成形、高温烧结、热轧、温轧、冷轧等工艺制备La-TZM合金板材。将La-TZM合金板材分别在300、450、600、800、1000℃进行高温氧化实验,通过质量损失率、差热分析等实验方法研究其氧化行为。研究表明:La-TZM合金板材的抗拉强度为1361.74 MPa,伸长率为8.81%,较传统的TZM合金均有显著提高。La-TZM合金板材纤维组织细长,组织致密;第二相细小且分布均匀。其细小的氧化镧及第二相颗粒钉扎在晶界,生成的氧化物会在基体表面形成致密氧化物覆盖层,可以有效地阻碍氧向基体的侵入,表面不易氧化,从而使TZM合金的抗氧化性能提高,扩展了TZM合金的使用温度范围。     

Oxidation Behavior of ODS Alloy MA 6000

MA 6000 is a mechanically alloyed, Ni-base ODSalloy. Excellent high-temperature strength makes it astrong candidate for application in high-temperatureindustrial processes. In order to assess its usefulness for high-temperature structural components,in-depth knowledge of its oxidation behavior,particularly long-term exposure, is necessary. Thepresent work deals with studies of the cyclic andisothermal oxidation of MA 6000 in the temperature range900-1050°C, with emphasis at 1050°C. A fewcomplementary studies have been carried out on the oxideintegrity under creep conditions for exposure times of up to 11,000 hr. The results have shown thatoxidation of MA 6000 involves rather complex mechanismsand alterations of the oxidation behavior still occurafter long-term exposure. Excellent oxidation resistance is based on the formation of an internalcontinuous Al₂O₃ layer.     

NbZrTiTa高熵合金的高温氧化行为

采用循环氧化考核法以及借助XRD、SEM等技术对电弧熔炼制备的NbZrTiTa高熵合金的高温氧化行为进行了研究。结果表明:NbZrTiTa高熵合金在1000～1400℃温度范围内的氧化速率常数和氧化激活能分别达到1.1×10~(-7)～1.0×10~(-6) g~2·cm~(-4)·s~(-1)和97 kJ/mol。NbZrTiTa高熵合金的氧化反应类型为内氧化。高温氧化过程中,氧元素沿具有强晶格畸变和大量位错的富TiZr区扩散,并与金属组元发生反应依次生成不饱和氧化物和饱和氧化物。在组元的高活性以及严重的晶格畸变的共同作用下,NbZrTiTa高熵合金具有极高的氧化活性,展现出了较强的作为结构释能材料的应用潜力。     

Oxidation Behavior of the CrMnFeCoNi High-Entropy Alloy

Oxidation of the Cr₂₀Mn₂₀Fe₂₀Co₂₀Ni₂₀ (at%) high-entropy alloy (HEA) was investigated at 500–900 °C in laboratory air. At 600 °C the oxide was mainly Mn₂O₃ with a thin inner Cr₂O₃ layer; at 700 and 800 °C it was mainly Mn₂O₃ with some Cr enrichment; at 900 °C it was Mn₃O₄. The oxidation rate was initially linear but became parabolic at longer times with an activation energy of 130 kJ/mol, comparable to that of Mn diffusion in Mn oxides but much lower than that for sluggish diffusion of Mn in the HEA. The diffusion of Mn through the oxide is considered to be the rate-limiting process.     

高温钛合金溅射NiCrAlY涂层氧化行为的研究

研究了Ｔｉ－１１００高温钛合金表面溅射ＮｉＣｒＡｌＹ涂层对钛合金在６００℃－８００℃空气中氧化性能的影响。结果表明：由于在涂层表面形成均匀连续的Ａｌ２Ｏ３保护膜而显著改善了高温钛合金的抗氧化性,涂层本身的微晶组织使其具有良好的抗剥落能力。但在８００℃时,基体中少量Ｔｉ扩散到涂层表面形成ＴｉＯ,同时涂层中的Ｎｉ强烈向基体扩散,在基体和涂层中分别形成扩散带和空洞。     

硬质合金高温氧化行为研究

选用牌号为YG8、YG6X和YG6三种硬质合金刀具材料,在700、800、900和1000℃下分别进行30、60、90、120和150min的抗氧化性能研究.结果表明:随时间的延长,刀具材料中的WC和Co被全部或部分氧化成WO<,3>和CO<,3>O<,4>;晶粒尺寸较小的刀具材料具有更好的抗氧化性能;在尺寸相差不大时,Co含量较高的刀具材料具有更好的抗氧化性能;三种刀具材料的高温抗氧化性能优劣顺序为:YG8>YG6X>YG6.     

Zr-Nb-Cu合金的水蒸气氧化行为研究

研究了Zr-Nb-Cu合金在非等温和等温条件下的水蒸气氧化行为。结果表明,在非等温阶段,升温速度越高,合金的氧化质量增加越低,但在随后的等温阶段氧化质量增加越高。根据非等温阶段合金水蒸气氧化质量增加曲线,获得了氧化激活能与氧化质量增加之间的关系。另外,非等温阶段升温速度越大,氧化膜表面开裂现象越明显。     

Ti40合金的超高温氧化行为研究

对Ti40合金进行1000~1500℃的超高温氧化实验。应用SEM、OM、XRD和EDS分析氧化表面以及氧化表面到基体的组织和元素的变化。结果表明,Ti40合金在1000~1500℃氧化过程中,氧化表层分别经历了V2O5的熔化蒸发、TiO_2晶粒的长大,以及表面氧化层由于TiO_2的生长应力而导致的开裂剥落的过程。当氧化层脱落后,原有的氧化次表层推至氧化表面,形成致密的、具有较好保护作用的TiO_2和Cr_2O_3混和氧化层。同时,在氧化层和基体界面依然稳定存在V、Cr元素的富集层。TiO_2、Cr_2O_3混和氧化层和V、Cr元素的富集层使得氧化表层脱落后合金依然具有良好的抗O元素扩散能力。     

Ti811合金的高温氧化行为

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光学显微镜,研究了Ti811合金在700～900℃的静止空气中的氧化行为,分析氧化时间、温度等因素对合金氧化动力学行为的影响.结果表明,合金的氧化动力学曲线主要为抛物线类型;低温短时氧化时,铝的热力学优势占主导,高温长时氧化时,钛的氧化动力学优势占主导;氧化皮与被氧化金属之间、氧化皮不同层次及复杂混合型氧化皮中不同相之间,由于结构上存在差异,将在界面上产生结构内应力,使氧化皮发生开裂或剥落.     

渗铝改性离子镀NiCrAlY涂层的高温热腐蚀行为

为了进一步改善离子镀NiCrAlY涂层的抗热腐蚀性能,采用粉末包埋法在离子镀NiCrAlY涂层表面上进行渗铝,研究了涂层渗铝前后在850℃含氯硫酸盐膜下的热腐蚀行为.结果表明:在25%NaCl 75%Na2SO4熔盐中850℃热腐蚀40h时,未渗铝的NiCrAlY涂层生成的是外层以Cr2O3为主的氧化膜,渗铝后的NiCrAlY涂层仅生成一层Al2O3膜;未渗铝的NiCrAlY涂层在腐蚀50h后失去保护作用,而渗铝涂层在腐蚀100h后表面仍形成以Al2O3为主的保护膜.因此,渗铝处理可以明显提高原涂层的抗热腐蚀性能.     

TC4钛合金高温氧化行为

研究了TC4钛合金在650、750、850℃的循环氧化和25~1000℃范围内的连续变温氧化的氧化行为。采用电子天平或综合热分析仪、XRD、SEM和EDS分析了合金的氧化动力学、氧化膜的物相、表面形貌、截面结构及元素分析。结果表明:650℃循环氧化和连续变温氧化动力学曲线符合抛物线规律、750℃循环氧化符合抛物线-直线混合规律、850℃循环氧化符合直线规律。氧化膜由薄而致密的Al_2O_3外层和厚而疏松的TiO_2内层组成。随氧化温度升高,氧化膜厚度增加,但出现裂纹或剥落。     

锆合金表面CrAl基耐高温涂层及氧化行为研究

目的了解锆合金和涂层的高温氧化行为,通过表面涂层提升锆合金的耐高温氧化性能。方法采用多弧离子镀技术在锆合金基体上制备了CrAlN、CrTiAlN涂层,模拟反应堆失水(LOCA)事故时的高温氧化行为,在360～1160℃下进行1 h氧化测试,对原始锆合金和带涂层样品的氧化增重行为进行了研究。通过X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对氧化前后样品的物相结构和形貌进行系统表征分析。结果锆合金在760℃及以下形成深色的混合型锆氧化膜,在860℃以上呈现龟裂和局部剥落。两种涂层氧化时,通过形成致密的Cr_2O_3和Al_2O_3混合氧化层,显著降低了氧化增重。CrAlN涂层在760℃时具有较好的抗氧化性,1060℃时开裂而失去保护作用。CrTiAlN涂层在860℃时能保护基体不受氧化,1060℃时局部开裂,基体开始出现氧化层。结论利用多弧离子镀技术制备的锆合金表面CrAlN和CrTiAlN涂层,在模拟反应堆LOCA事故下具有良好的耐高温氧化性,显示出这两种涂层有潜力发展成为核用事故容错燃料(ATF)包壳涂层。     

Spallation Behaviour of Alumina Scale Formed on FeCrAlY Alloy After Isothermal Oxidation

The spallation behaviour of alumina scales grown on FeCrAlY alloy was investigated. Substrates with different thicknesses were oxidized at 1200 °C for 25 h and cooled at various cooling rates. Generally, the scale formed on a thicker substrate or with a faster cooling rate exhibits a larger compressive stress. However, the failure behaviour of alumina scales is more complicated than expected for a compressed film. Specifically, (i) the extent of the spallation is not proportional to the residual stress in the oxide; (ii) the spallation does not occur immediately after cooling, but requires a period of incubation. This indicates that the residual stress is not the sole reason for the failure of scales. It was found that the carbide forms at the oxide–metal interface after cooling, which acts in conjunction with the residual stress to control the spallation of oxides. In addition, the mechanics analysis suggests that the microscopic roughness at the interface is another important factor.     

等离子喷涂FeCoCrNiMo高熵合金涂层高温氧化行为的研究

目的 基于海工装备与船舶动力装置对高温环境抗氧化涂层的需求,研究Fe CoCrNiMo高熵合金（High Entropy Alloy,HEA）涂层制备工艺、微观组织结构与抗高温氧化行为之间的关系,探索其在船舶主机、海洋钻井平台温管等高温部件应用的可行性。方法 使用大气等离子喷涂（Atmospheric Plasma Spraying,APS）工艺制备Fe CoCrNiMo涂层,设计正交试验来选取不同孔隙率的涂层试样。通过XRD、SEM和EDS分析涂层的物相组成、微观结构和元素组成。对涂层进行氧化试验,分析其氧化行为。结果 通过正交试验优化Fe CoCrNiMo涂层制备工艺后,涂层孔隙率为2.85%～7.52%。对具有代表性的7.52%孔隙率涂层（记为H1）和2.85%孔隙率涂层（记为H2）进行分析,发现涂层物相结构为简单FCC结构,微观组织为典型的层状结构,氧化物和HEA相在涂层内部分布明显。FeCoCrNiMo涂层的氧化行为遵循抛物线定理,在氧化过程中,化学性质活泼的Cr最易析出并生成氧化物。具有较低孔隙率的H2涂层更快生成致密氧化层,氧化质量增速较低,经15 h氧化后,H1和H2涂...     

Zr-Nb合金的吸氢性能与相变行为

通过PCT(pressure-composition-temperature)吸氢性能实验研究了温度(700~900℃)和Nb含量(1%~30%,质量分数)对Zr-Nb合金吸氢性能的影响。结果表明,温度的变化对β-Zr相和δ氢化锆相的两相平衡有较大影响,β-Zr相较δ氢化锆相的高温稳定性更强。Nb的添加降低了体系与H结合的稳定性,随着Nb含量的增加,合金的最大吸氢量明显减少。相同温度条件下,β-Zr相和δ氢化锆相两相平台所对应的平衡氢分压随Nb含量增加而升高。Nb降低合金最大吸氢量的主要原因是高氢含量的δ相NbH2氢化物在低压下不能稳定存在。